Crab Orchard Lake is a 6,965-acre (28.2 km²) artificial lake in Williamson County, Illinois. It is the centerpiece of the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge. It is fed by Devils Kitchen Lake and Little Grassy Lake, which are also within the National Wildlife Refuge. A man-made lake in Keukenhof, Netherlands A lake is a body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. ... Williamson County is a county located in the state of Illinois. ... Devils Kitchen Lake is an 810-acre (3. ...

Crab Orchard Lake was created when Crab Orchard Creek, a tributary of the Big Muddy River in southern Illinois, was dammed in the 1930s for purposes of recreation and flood control. During World War II, munitions such as TNT were produced at Illinois Ordnance Plant north of the lake. The Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge was established August 5, 1947 following the transfer of all land from the Crab Orchard Creek Project and the Illinois Ordnance Plant to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The Big Muddy River is located in Illinois. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Area  Ranked 25th  - Total 57,918 sq mi (149,998 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 390 miles (629 km)  - % water 4. ... People participating in summer luge as a form of recreation, in the Vosges. ... A flood (in Old English flod, a word common to Teutonic languages; compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float) is an overflow of water, an expanse of water submerging land, a deluge. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... R-phrases S-phrases Related Compounds Related compounds picric acid hexanitrobenzene Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)3CH3. ... August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... The USFWS logo The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is a unit of the United States Department of the Interior that is dedicated to managing and preserving wildlife. ...

The lake offers opportunities for boating, camping, fishing, and swimming. Many users of the lake live in the large nearby communities of Carbondale and Marion. // Boating, the leisurely activity of traveling by boat typically refers to the recreational use of boats whether power boats, sail boats, or yachts (large vessels), focused on the travel itself, as well as sports activities, such as fishing or waterskiing. ... Car camping is camping in a tent, but nearby the car for easier access and for supply storage. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering. ... This article concentrates on human swimming. ... Carbondale is a city in Southern Illinois in the midwest United States, about one hour north of Cairo. ... Marion is a city in Williamson County, Illinois, United States. ...

Controversy

Crab Orchard Lake is located in an area of Illinois known for high-sulphur coal and former coal-fired heavy industry, including the smelting and refining of heavy metals. Chemists have found that much of the lake and the watershed that drains into it is contaminated with lead and other toxic substances. Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning compared to light industry. ... Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a TVA chemical plant (1942) Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of extractive metallurgy. ... Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily loses electrons to form positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds between metal atoms. ... For Pb as an abbreviation, see PB. General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ...

In addition, the World War II-era Illinois Ordnance Plant contaminated the area with TNT, and a postwar factory, Sangamo-Weston, used an extensive quantity of PCBs. PCB may refer to: Brazilian Communist Party (in Portuguese, Partido Comunista Brasileiro) Communist Party of Bolivia (in Spanish, Partido Comunista de Bolivia) Pakistan Cricket Board PCBoard, a bulletin board system software Police Complaints Board, which oversaw the system for handling complaints made against police forces in England and Wales until...

Under a mandate from the U.S. Congress, the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge is charged with the dual duties of maintaining recreational facilities and leasing lakeside land to factories. The Congress of the United States is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States of America. ...

External link

• Crab Orchard Lake - U.S. Forest Service
• Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge - History