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The pubic or crab louse (Phthirus pubis) is a parasitic insect which spends its entire life on human hair and feeds exclusively on blood. Humans are the only known host of this parasite. Humans can also be infested with body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus) and with head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) Image File history File links http://phil. ...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ...
// A00-A79 - Bacterial infections, and other intestinal infectious diseases, and STDs (A00-A09) Intestinal infectious diseases (A00) Cholera (A01) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (A010) Typhoid fever (A02) Other Salmonella infections (A03) Shigellosis (A04) Other bacterial intestinal infections (A040) Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection (A045) Campylobacter enteritis (A046) Enteritis due to Yersinia...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ...
The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
The Disease Bold textDatabase is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ...
MedlinePlus (medlineplus. ...
eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ...
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ...
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For other uses, see Scientific classification (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ...
Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ...
Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera...
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Families Echinophthiriidae (seal lice) Enderleinellidae Haematopinidae (ungulate lice) Hamophthiriidae Hoplopleuridae (armoured lice) Hybothiridae Linognathidae (pale lice) Microthoraciidae Neolinognathidae Pecaroecidae Pedicinidae Pediculidae (body lice) Phthiridae (public lice) Polyplacidae (spiny rat lice) Ratemiidae Sucking lice (Anoplura) have around 500 species and represent the smaller of the two traditional suborders of lice. ...
William Elford Leach FRS (February 2, 1790 – August 26, 1836) was an English zoologist and marine biologist. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 13, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...
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The head louse Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of the many varieties of sucking lice (singular louse) specialized to live on different areas of various animals. ...
Morphology
The dorso-ventrally flattened body of the louse is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. A pair of eyes and a pair of antennae are clearly visible on the head. The mouthparts are adapted to piercing the skin and sucking blood. The second and third pair of legs, with their terminal claws are adapted to holding the hair-shaft, while the first pair of leg holds the skin during feeding. Abdominal protuberances on the side of the body are characteristic of this species. Males are slightly smaller than females. The eggs are oval-shaped and ca. 0.8 mm in length. Immediately after oviposition they are shiny, round, and transparent. Pubic lice are 1-2- mm in size, varying according to the stage of their development. They are usually whitish-grayish in color though they become reddish-brown for some time after blood-meal.
Biology Pubic lice are insect parasites, spending their entire life on the host's hair and skin and feeding exclusively on blood, 4 5 times daily. The life-cycle from egg to adult is 22-27 days. The egg hatches producing the first nymphal stage, which after three moltings develops to nymph 2, nymph 3 and subsequently to either a male or female louse. The incubation period of the egg is 7-8 days, while the rest of the cycle is taken up with the development of nymphal stages. The average adult female lives for 17 and the male for 22 days. [1] [2].
Epidemiology Pubic lice usually infect a new host only by close contact between individuals, making sexual contacts among adults and parent child interactions the more likely routes of infestation than shared towels, clothing, beds or closets. Adults are more frequently infested than children [3].
Diagnosis A pubic louse infestation is usually diagnosed by carefully examining pubic hair for nits, nymphs and adults. Lice and nits could be removed either with forceps or by cutting the infested hair with scissors (with the exception of the eye area). A magnifying glass or a stereo-microscope can be used for the exact identification. If lice are detected in one family member, the entire family needs to be checked and only those who are infested with living lice should be treated.
Clinical Information Although any part of the body may be colonized, crab lice favor the hairs of the genital (Fig. 1) and peri-anal region. Especially in male patients, pubic lice and eggs can also be found in hair on the abdomen (Fig. 2) and under the armpits as well as on the beard and mustache, while in children they are usually found in eye-lashes (Fig. 3). Infestation with pubic lice is called Phthiriasis or Pediculosis pubis, while infestation of eye-lashes with pubic lice is called Phthriasis palpebrarum [4]. The main symptom is itching, usually in the pubic hair area. It results from hypersensitivity to louse saliva, and it becomes strong enough 2 or more weeks following initial infestation. In the majority of infestations a characteristic grey-blue or slate coloration appears (maculae caeruleae) at the feeding site, which may last for days and is also characteristic for the infestation. Pubic lice are primarily spread through sweat and body contact or sexual contact. Therefore, all partners with whom the patient has had sexual contact within the previous 30 days should be evaluated and treated, and sexual contact should be avoided until all partners have successfully completed treatment and are thought to be cured. Because of the strong association between the presence of pubic lice and classic sexually transmitted diseases (STD), patients diagnosed with pubic lice should undergo evaluation for other STDs. Infection in a young child or teenager may indicate sexual abuse [5][6]. Fig.1 Pubic lice in genital area | Fig.2 Pubic lice in abdomen | Fig.3 Pubic lice on eye-lashes |
Treatment Permethrin 1% cream rinse and pyrethrins can be used for this purpose and are the drugs of choice for pregnant or lactating women. These agents should be applied to the affected areas and washed off after 10 minutes. Shaving off or grooming any hair in the affected areas with a fine-toothed comb is necessary to ensure full removal of the dead lice and / or nits, though it does not suffice as treatment on its own. Resistance of pubic lice to pyrethroids must be if at all very rare. A second treatment after 10 days is recommended. Pubic lice on the eyelashes can be treated with a permethrin formulation by applying the solution to the infested hair with an applicator. It is dangerous to remove lice or eggs in the eyelashes by plucking or cutting the hairs.
Lindane shampoo (1%), a pediculocide, is FDA approved as safe and effective when used as directed for the second-line treatment of pubic lice (crabs).While serious side effects have been reported, they are considered to be rare and have almost always resulted from misuse of medication, such as excessive application and oral ingestion. To minimize this risk, Lindane medications are now dispensed in small single-use bottles. [7] [8] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that lindane should not be used immediately after a bath or shower, and it should not be used by persons who have extensive dermatitis, women who are pregnant or lactating or children aged under 2 years. [9] The FDA similarly warns against use in patients with a history of uncontrolled seizures disorders and premature infants, and recommends cautious use in infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh less than 110 lbs (50 kg). [7]
References - ^ Nuttall GHF. 1918. The biology of Phthirus pubis. Parasitology 10: 383-405.
- ^ Payot F. 1920. Contribution a l'etude du Phthirus pubis (Linne, Leach). Bull. Soc. vaud. Sci. nat. 53: 127-161.
- ^ Alexander, J.O’D. 1984. Arhtropods and Human Skin. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
- ^ Manjunatha NP, Jayamanne GR, Desai SP, Moss TR, Lalik J, Woodland A. Pediculosis pubis: presentation to ophthalmologist as pthriasis palpebrarum associated with corneal epithelial keratitis. Int. J. STD AIDS 2006; 17: 424-426
- ^ Klaus S, Shvil Y, Mumcuoglu KY. Generalized infestation of a 3 1/2-year-old girl with the pubic louse. Pediatr Dermatol. 1994; 11: 26-28.
- ^ Varela JA, Otero L, Espinosa E, Sánchez C, Junquera ML, Vázquez F. Phthirus pubis in a sexually transmitted diseases unit: a study of 14 years. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2003; 30: 292-296.
- ^ a b Lindane shampoo, USP, 1% prescribing information. Updated March 28, 2003. http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2003/006309shampoolbl
- ^ U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lindane Post Marketing Safety Review. Posted 2003. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/lindane/lindaneaeredacted.pdf.
- ^ U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ectoparasitic infections. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006, August 10;55 (No. RR-11):79-80.
See also Lindane is an insecticide, also known as gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC). ...
Look up Head louse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) is a louse which infests humans. ...
External links - Edinburgh Royal Infirmary on Public Lice
- Guideline on the Management of Phthirus pubis infestation (UK, 2007)
| Human lice and pediculosis | | Species | Head louse · Crab louse · Body louse A sexually transmitted disease (STD), a. ...
Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ...
Chancroid is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. ...
Binomial name Haemophilus ducreyi A chancroid is an STD characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. ...
Chlamydia is a common term for Chlamydiae. ...
Binomial name Chlamydia trachomatis Busacca, 1935 Chlamydia trachomatis is a species of the chlamydiae, a group of obligately intracellular bacteria. ...
Granuloma inguinale or Donovanosis is a bacterial disease caused by the organism Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. ...
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), also known as lymphopathia venerea, tropical bubo, climatic bubo, strumous bubo, poradenitis inguinales, Durand-Nicolas-Favre disease and lymphogranuloma inguinale, is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the invasive serovars L1, L2, or L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis. ...
The clap redirects here. ...
Binomial name Neisseria gonorrhoeae Zopf, 1885 Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a species of Gram-negative bacteria responsible for the disease gonorrhoea. ...
Syphilis is a curable sexually transmitted disease caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete. ...
Binomial name Treponema pallidum Schaudinn & Hoffmann, 1905 Treponema pallidum is a gram-negative spirochaete bacterium and is considered to be metabolically crippled. ...
Binomial name Ureaplasma urealyticum Shepard et al. ...
Leishmania donovani, (a species of protozoan) in a bone marrow cell (in Greek proto = first and zoa = animals) are one-celled eukaryotes (that is, unicellular microbes whose cells have membrane-bound nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals, mobility and heterotrophy. ...
Trichomoniasis, sometimes referred to as trich, is a common sexually transmitted disease that affects 7. ...
Binomial name Trichomonas vaginalis (Donné 1836) Trichomonas vaginalis, an anaerobic, parasitic flagellated protozoan, is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and is the most common pathogenic protozoan infection of humans in industrialized countries. ...
This article is about a relationship between organisms. ...
This article is about biological infectious particles. ...
For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ...
Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ...
Cervical cancer is a malignant cancer of the cervix. ...
Genital warts (or Condyloma, Condylomata acuminata, or venereal warts) is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection caused by some sub-types of human papillomavirus (HPV). ...
HPV redirects here. ...
“HBV†redirects here. ...
This article is about the disease. ...
Species Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) This article is about the virus. ...
Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes. ...
Inflammation of the tissues of the cervix is known as cervicitis. ...
Epididymitis is a medical condition in which the epididymis becomes inflamed. ...
Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a man or a woman to contribute to conception. ...
Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is an inflammation of the urethra which is not caused by gonorrheal infection. ...
Pelvic inflammatory disease (or disorder) (PID) is a generic term for infection of the female uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries as it progresses to scar formation with adhesions to nearby tissues and organs. ...
In most systems of human pregnancy, the condition, premature birth (also known as a preterm birth), occurs when the baby is born within sooner than 36 weeks of completed gestation. ...
Proctitis (Noun) Inflammation of the rectum. ...
Prostatitis is any form of inflammation of the prostate gland. ...
This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. ...
Look up Head louse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) is a louse which infests humans. ...
| | Infestation | Pediculosis · Phthiriasis Pediculosis is an infestation of lice -- which are parasitic insects -- on the bodies of humans. ...
Phthiriasis is a common eyelid infestation, caused by Phthirus pubis (pubic lice, sometimes referred to as crab lice). ...
| | Treatment | Treatment of human head lice · Nitpicking · Lindane · Permethrin · Delphinium It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Head lice#Treatment. ...
This article is about physical nitpicking, for the sport, see Nitpicking (sport). ...
Lindane is an insecticide, also known as gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC). ...
Permethrin is a common synthetic chemical, widely used as an insecticide and acaricide and as an insect repellent. ...
Species See text Delphinium is a genus of about 250 species of annual, biennial or perennial flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. ...
| | Other terms of interest | Cooties · Sucking louse · Louse Cooties is a slang word in American English, used by children, referring to a fictitious disease. ...
Families Echinophthiriidae(seal lice) Enderleinellidae Haematopinidae(ungulate lice) Hamophthiriidae Hoplopleuridae(armoured lice) Hybothiridae Linognathidae(pale lice) Microthoraciidae Neolinognathidae Pecaroecidae Pedicinidae Pediculidae(body lice) Phthiridae(public lice) Polyplacidae(spiny rat lice) Ratemiidae Sucking lice (Anoplura) have around 500 species and represent the smaller of the two traditional suborders of lice. ...
Suborders Anoplura (sucking lice) Rhyncophthirina Ischnocera (avian lice) Amblycera (chewing lice) Lice (singular: louse), also known as fly babies, (order Phthiraptera) are an order of over 3,000 species of wingless phthiraptra. ...
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