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Encyclopedia > Craig Venter
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Craig Venter, 2007
Craig Venter, 2007

J. Craig Venter (born John Craig Venter October 14, 1946, Salt Lake City) is an American biologist and businessman. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,328 × 4,992 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,328 × 4,992 pixels, file size: 1. ... is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is Salt Lake Citys top tourist draw. ... A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of organisms. ...

Contents

Biography

He is an ex surfer turned scientist and a Vietnam war veteran. He began his academic career at a community college, College of San Mateo (California), after enlisting in the U.S. Navy and serving a tour of duty during the Vietnam War. He contemplated suicide at one point by swimming out into the sea, but was persuaded to return upon encountering a shark. On returning, he received his bachelor's degree in biochemistry in 1972, and his Ph.D. in physiology and pharmacology in 1975, both from the University of California, San Diego. In San Diego, he married former Ph.D. candidate, Barbara Rae. [1] [2] After working as a professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo, he joined the National Institutes of Health in 1984. In Buffalo, he divorced Dr. Rae-Venter and married his student, Claire M. Fraser, [3] and remained married to Ms. Fraser until 2005. [4] A community college is a type of educational institution. ... The College of San Mateo is a public community college in San Mateo County, California, formerly known as San Mateo Junior College (SMJC). ... USN redirects here. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ... Biochemistry (from Greek: , bios, life and Egyptian kēme, earth[1]) is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. ... Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmakon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and lego (λέγω) to tell (about)) is the study of how drugs interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ... The University of California, San Diego (popularly known as UCSD, or sometimes UC San Diego) is a highly selective, research-oriented[1] public university located in La Jolla, a seaside resort community of San Diego, California. ... University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (UB) (also known as SUNY Buffalo) is a coeducational public research university, which has multiple campuses located in Buffalo and Amherst, New York, USA. Offering 84 bachelors, 184 masters and 78 doctoral degrees, it is the largest and most... National Institutes of Health Building 50 at NIH Clinical Center - Building 10 The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical research. ... Claire M. Fraser, Ph. ...


While at NIH, Venter learned of a technique for rapidly identifying all of the mRNAs present in a cell, and began to use it to identify human brain genes. The short cDNA sequence fragments discovered by this method are called expressed sequence tags, or ESTs, a name coined by Anthony Kerlavage at The Institute for Genomic Research. In a controversial court case, Venter tried to patent these gene fragments and lost the case. The interaction of mRNA in a eukaryote cell. ... In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a mature mRNA template. ... An expressed sequence tag or EST is a short sub-sequence of a transcribed spliced nucleotide sequence (either protein-coding or not). ... The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), is a non-profit genomics research institute founded in 1992 by Craig Venter in Rockville, Maryland, United States. ...


Human Genome Project

He was the former president and founder of Celera Genomics, which became famous for running a parallel version of the Human Genome Project of its own for commercial purposes, using shotgun sequencing technology in 1999. The aim of the Celera project was to create a database of genomic data that users could subscribe to for a fee. This proved very unpopular in the genetics community and spurred several groups to redouble their efforts to produce the full sequence and release it as open access. DNA from 5 individuals was used by Celera to generate the sequence of the human genome; one of the 5 individuals used in this project was Venter. The Human Genome Project, which was composed of many groups from around the world, rendered the attempt to privatize the process unfeasible.[5] Venter was fired by Celera in early 2002 after it became clear that selling genome data would not become profitable and Venter resisted efforts by the company board to change the strategic direction of the company. Celera Genomics (NYSE: CRA) is a business unit of the Applera Corporation that focuses on genetic sequencing and related technologies. ... The Human Genome Projects (HGP) goal is to understand the genetic make-up of the human species by determining the DNA sequence of the human genome and the genome of a few model organisms. ... Shotgun sequencing is a method used in genetics for sequencing long DNA strands. ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. ... The Human Genome Projects (HGP) goal is to understand the genetic make-up of the human species by determining the DNA sequence of the human genome and the genome of a few model organisms. ...


Despite their differing motivations, Venter and rival scientist Francis Collins of the National Institute of Health jointly made the announcement of the mapping of the human genome in 2000, along with US President Bill Clinton.[6] Venter and Collins thus shared an award for "Biography of the Year" from A&E Network.[7] This article needs to be wikified. ... The National Institutes of Health is an institution of the United States government which focuses on medical research. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Biography is one of A&Es longest-running and most popular programs. ...


Current work

Venter founded The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) in 1992. He is currently the president of the J. Craig Venter Institute, created and funded by TIGR's board (which Venter chairs). In June of 2005, he co-founded Synthetic Genomics, a firm dedicated to using modified microorganisms to produce ethanol and hydrogen as alternative fuels. He used his sloop, Sorcerer II, in the Global Ocean Sampling Expedition to help assess genetic diversity in marine microbial communities.[8] The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), is a non-profit genomics research institute founded in 1992 by Craig Venter in Rockville, Maryland, United States. ... Aquatic metagenomics is one of the Institutes interests. ... Synthetic Genomics is a company dedicated to using modified microorganisms to produce the alternative fuels ethanol and hydrogen. ... A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ... Grain alcohol redirects here. ... This article is about the chemistry of hydrogen. ... The definition of alternative fuel varies according to the context of its usage. ... A sloop-rigged J-24 sailboat A sloop (From Dutch sloep) in sailing, is a vessel with a fore-and-aft rig. ... The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) is an Ocean exploration Genome project with the goal of assessing the genetic diversity in marine microbial communities and to understand their role in natures fundamental processes. ... Genetic diversity is a characteristic of ecosystems and gene pools that describes an attribute which is commonly held to be advantageous for survival -- that there are many different versions of otherwise similar organisms. ...


Venter has been the subject of articles in several magazines, notably Wired, [9] The Economist, [10] Australian science magazine Cosmos[citation needed] and Atlantic Monthly. [11] Additionally, he was featured on The Colbert Report on both February 27, 2007, and October 30, 2007. Wired is a full-color monthly magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993. ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... Cosmos Magazine is an Australian popular magazine that is published six times a year. ... The Atlantic Monthly (also known as The Atlantic) is an American literary/cultural magazine that was founded in November 1857. ... The Colbert Report (IPA ) is an American satirical television program that airs from 11:30 p. ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...


Venter appeared in the "Evolution" episode of the documentary television series Understanding. Understanding is a 1994-2002 Science Channel documentary television series about various things understood from a scientific perspective. ...


On May 10th, 2007, Venter was awarded an honorary doctorate from Arizona State University. [12] He was on the 2007 Time 100 most influential people in the world list made by Time magazine. Arizona State University (ASU) is a public research institution of higher education and research with campuses located in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. ... The 2005 cover of Time magazine that featured the Time 100 The Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, as assembled by Time. ... “TIME” redirects here. ...


On September 4th, 2007, a team led by Craig Venter, published his complete diploid DNA sequence[13], unveiling the six-billion-letter genome of a single individual for the first time.


On BBC News on October 22, 2007, when asked about his religious view he replied that he thought that a true scientist could not believe in supernatural explanations.


Mycoplasma laboratorium

Venter is seeking to patent the first life-form created by man, possibly to be named Mycoplasma laboratorium.[14] There is speculation that this line of research could lead to producing bacteria that have been engineered to perform specific reactions, e.g. produce fuels, make medicines, clean up the environment, create more manageable and effective biological weapons, etc.[15] Mycoplasma laboratorium is a potential partially synthetic species of bacterium derived from the genetic code of Mycoplasma genitalium that is being developed by the J. Craig Venter Institute. ...


New Scientist Interview

In a recent interview with New Scientist when asked 'Assuming you can make synthetic bacteria, what will you do with them?' Venter replied

'Over the next 20 years, synthetic genomics is going to become the standard for making anything. The chemical industry will depend on it. Hopefully, a large part of the energy industry will depend on it. We really need to find an alternative to taking carbon out of the ground, burning it, and putting it into the atmosphere. That is the single biggest contribution I could make.'

Furthermore it suggests that one of the main purposes for creating synthetic bacteria would be to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. (Source: New Scientist Issue 2626 Pg 57.)


Further reading

  • Ridley, M Genome, ISBN 0-06-089408-3
  • Shreeve, J The Genome War, ISBN 0-375-40629-8
  • Spufford, F Backroom Boys, ISBN 0-571-21497-5
  • Sulston, J & Ferry, G The Common Thread, ISBN 0-309-08409-1
  • Venter, J C A Life Decoded. My Genome: My Life, ISBN 978-0-670-06358-1

See Also

  • Craig Venter's Genome

On September 4th, 2007, a team led by Craig Venter, published his complete DNA sequence[1], unveiling the six-billion-letter genome of a single individual for the first time. ...

References

  1. ^ http://www.rae-venterlaw.com/who.htm
  2. ^ http://www.smh.com.au/news/science/the-god-of-small-things/2007/01/25/1169594430068.html?page=fullpage
  3. ^ http://www.smh.com.au/news/science/the-god-of-small-things/2007/01/25/1169594430068.html?page=fullpage
  4. ^ High-profile departure ends genome institute's charmed run, M. Wadman, Nature Medicine 13, 518 (2007).
  5. ^ Spufford, Francis [2003]. Backroom Boys. Faber. 
  6. ^ Jamie Shreeve, "The Blueprint of Life," U.S. News and World Report, 10/31/05, URL accessed 30 January 2007.
  7. ^ "Montgomery County, Maryland, Press Releases," December 19, 2000, URL accessed 30 January 2007.
  8. ^ Larkman, Kirell. "Yacht for Sale: Suited for Sailing, Surfing, and Seaborne Metagenomics", GenomeWeb.com, GenomeWeb News, September 7 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-07. 
  9. ^ Shreeve, James. "Craig Venter's Epic Voyage to Redefine the Origin of the Species," Wired, August 2004. Accessed June 7, 2007.
  10. ^ "The Journey of the Sorcerer", The Economist, Dec 4, 2004.
  11. ^ Douthat, Ross. "The God of Small Things," Atlantic Monthly, Jan/Feb 2007.
  12. ^ Aufrett, Sarah. "ASU Celebrates Spring Graduates," ASU Insight, May 11, 2007. Accessed June 7, 2007.
  13. ^ Levy S, Sutton G, Ng PC, Feuk L, Halpern AL, et al. (2007). "The Diploid Genome Sequence of an Individual Human". PLoS Biology 5 (10). 
  14. ^ http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05180/530330.stm
  15. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/06/08/nbiofuel108.xml

U.S. News & World Report is a weekly newsmagazine. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Wired is a full-color monthly magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Atlantic Monthly (also known as The Atlantic) is an American literary/cultural magazine that was founded in November 1857. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 158th day of the year (159th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

External links

Wikinews has related news:
US scientist says he created first 'artificial life form'
Persondata
NAME Venter, Craig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION American biologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 14, 1946
PLACE OF BIRTH Salt Lake City
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

  Results from FactBites:
 
Edge: J. Craig Venter (333 words)
CRAIG VENTER is one of leading scientists of the 21st century for his visionary contributions in genomic research.
He is founder and president of the J. Craig Venter Institute and the J. Craig Venter Science Foundation.
The Venter Institute conducts basic research that advances the science of genomics; specializes in high volume genome sequencing, and explores the ethical and policy implications of genomic discoveries and advances.
Craig Venter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (555 words)
Venter was suddenly fired by Celera in early 2002 after it became clear that selling genome data would not become profitable and Venter resisted efforts by the company board to change the strategic direction of the company.
Craig Venter is circling the globe in his luxury yacht The Sorcerer II that updates the great scientific voyages of the 18th and the 19th centuries, HMS Beagle and HMS Challenger.
Craig Venter is capturing the DNA of bacterias and viruses on filter paper and shipping it to be sequenced and analyzed at his headquarters in Rockville, Maryland.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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