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Former South African police major Craig Williamson was exposed as a spy in 1980, and was involved in a series of state-sponsored overseas bombings, burglaries, kidnapping, assassinations, sabotage and black propaganda during the apartheid era. 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
Apartheid, which means separateness or apart-ness in Afrikaans, was a system of racial segregation that operated in South Africa from 1948 to 1990. ...
 South African spy Craig Williamson Image File history File links CraigWilliamson. ...
Image File history File links CraigWilliamson. ...
South African "superspy"
In the late 1970s, Craig Williamson had inveigled Lars Eriksson, director of the International University Exchange Fund (IUEF) in Geneva, into employing him as deputy director and help in the award of IUEF scholarships to African students. He was thus able to infiltrate the banned African National Congress (ANC) and, at the same time, make high-level contacts in Sweden which provided most of the funding for the IUEF. Williamson's networking through prime minister Olof Palme's office in Stockholm put him in touch with Lockerbie victim, Bernt Carlsson, who had become secretary-general of the Socialist International in 1976 and was based in London until 1983. Geneva (French: Genève, German: Genf, Italian: Ginevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland, situated where Lake Geneva (French Lac Léman) flows into the Rhône River. ...
The African National Congress (ANC) is a centre-left political party, and has been South Africas governing party (in a coalition) since the establishment of majority rule in May 1994. ...
Olof Palme ▶(?) (January 30, 1927 – February 28, 1986) was a Swedish politician. ...
Bernt Wilmar Carlsson was born in 1938 in Stockholm, Sweden and died in the Lockerbie bombing on December 21, 1988. ...
The official symbol of Socialist International The Socialist International (SI) is an international organisation for social democratic and democratic socialist parties. ...
Williamson syphoned off IUEF funds to establish and head a special unit in Pretoria to target apartheid's opponents abroad. This was an assassination squad known as Koevoet (Afrikaans for Crowbar) which had links to the mercenary organisation Executive Outcomes[1]. City motto: Praestantia Praevaleat Pretoria (May Pretoria Be Pre-eminent In Excellence) Province Gauteng Area - % water 1,644 km² 0. ...
Koevoet (Afrikaans for crowbar) was a counterinsurgency unit in South-West Africa (Namibia). ...
Crowbar may refer to: a tool, see Crowbar (tool) an electrical circuit, see Crowbar (circuit) the name of a musical group, see Crowbar (US band), who also recorded an album entitled Crowbar Crowbar (Canadian band) Koevoet (which is Afrikaans for crowbar), a South-African run counterinsurgency unit. ...
Executive Outcomes (EO) was a private military company founded by Eeben Barlow in 1989 and ceasing to exist in 1999. ...
Bombing and burglary In 1982, a burglary took place at the Pan African Congress office in London. Two suspects were arrested. One of them, the Swede Bertil Wedin, was eventually acquitted by a British court. Wedin admitted, however, that he was working for South African intelligence - specifically for Craig Williamson. The other suspect, SADF Sgt Joseph Klue had diplomatic immunity as a member of staff at the SA embassy in London and was ordered to leave the UK. The Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) (later the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania), was a South African liberation movement, that is now a minor political party. ...
London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ...
Former Swedish secret service agent, Bertil Wedin, denied killing Swedish premier Olof Palme in an interview with Inter Press Service (IPS) news agency. ...
The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is the name of the armed forces of South Africa. ...
Williamson applied for amnesty in 1995 from SA's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) for bombing the London office of the ANC in March 1982. It is believed that, contrary to the TRC's full disclosure rule, Williamson did not reveal in his application that the purpose of this bombing was to kill the then ANC president, Oliver Tambo. Tambo was understood to have been tipped off by Bernt Carlsson that Bertil Wedin, Carlsson's compatriot, was out to kill him and warned not to attend the meeting in the ANC office on the day of the bombing. In the House of Commons in June 1995, Peter Hain MP asked through the then Home Secretary, Michael Howard, that the British police should interview and consider extraditing Williamson to stand trial for the London bombing.[2]The home secretary turned down Hain's request. Amnesty was eventually granted by the TRC to Williamson and eight others on October 15, 1999. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like body assembled in South Africa after the end of Apartheid. ...
March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Oliver Reginald Tambo (27 October 1917 - 24 April 1993) was a South African anti-apartheid politician and a central figure in the African National Congress (ANC). ...
Bernt Wilmar Carlsson was born in 1938 in Stockholm, Sweden and died in the Lockerbie bombing on December 21, 1988. ...
British House of Commons Canadian House of Commons In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ...
The Right Honourable Peter Gerald Hain (born February 16, 1950 in Nairobi, Kenya) is a British Labour Party politician. ...
Michael Howard The Right Honourable Michael Howard, QC, MP (born July 7, 1941) is a British politician and caretaker Leader of the Opposition and the Conservative Party, having formally resigned the post on 7 October 2005. ...
October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ...
1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...
Early in 1986, the ANC office in Stockholm was blown up. Williamson and Wedin were thought to have been involved but the perpetrators were never found.
Kidnapping and assassination Williamson ordered the assassination of Ruth First, close friend of Sweden's prime minister, Olof Palme, exiled campaigner for the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the ANC, author of a pioneering study of Namibia and wife of the South African communist party leader, Joe Slovo, and she was killed by a letter-bomb in Maputo, Mozambique on August 18, 1982. Ruth First in a newsphoto ten years after her murder. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
Joe Slovo Joe Slovo (May 23, 1926 – January 6, 1995) was a South African Communist politician and long time leader of the South African Communist Party (SACP) and leading member of the African National Congress. ...
Map of Mozambique with Maputo highlighted Maputo is the capital of Mozambique. ...
Minutes of the apartheid State Security Council, chaired by president P. W. Botha in January 1984, recorded Craig Williamson as plotting the overthrow of the government in Mozambique. P.W. Botha Pieter Willem Botha, (born January 12, 1916) commonly known as P.W. and as die groot krokodil (the great crocodile) was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and State President of South Africa from 1984 to 1989. ...
Williamson addressed a letter-bomb to exiled anti-apartheid activist, Marius Schoon, in Angola but killed Schoon's wife Jeanette and daughter Katryn on June 28, 1984. In June 2000, TRC amnesty for this killing and that of Ruth First was granted to Williamson.[3]
On February 21, 1986, PM Olof Palme addressed the Swedish People's Parliament against Apartheid in Stockholm. A week later, he was shot and killed after attending the cinema with his wife. The Stockholm police investigation was criticised for its lassitude and incompetence for not quickly solving the crime. Ten years later, Williamson was named in a South African court for Palme's murder, as were three others: Anthony White, Roy Allen and Bertil Wedin. Olof Palme ▶(?) (January 30, 1927 – February 28, 1986) was a Swedish politician. ...
In October 1986, president Samora Machel of Mozambique, returning from a meeting in Zambia, was killed when his presidential aircraft crashed in mountainous terrain after a decoy radio beacon caused it to stray over the border into South Africa. As if forewarned, one of the first to arrive at the scene of the crash was South African foreign minister, Pik Botha. SA's internal Margo Commission of Inquiry was held at the Rand Supreme Court in Johannesburg from January 20 to 28, 1987. The inquiry was delayed by South African General Lothar Neethling's failure to hand over the aircraft's black box, which he had seized at the site of the crash. The Margo Commission found that pilot error was to blame for the crash. However, a Soviet delegation entered a minority report disagreeing with this finding and blaming the South African security forces. Ten years later, under a democratically-elected South African government, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) conducted its own inquiry into the crash. The TRC concluded that there was no conclusive evidence to support either the Margo Commission or the Soviet theory. The TRC did, however, conclude that circumstantial evidence presented to them required "further investigation by an appropriate structure" of the false beacon and the absence of a warning from the South African authorities questions.[4] US President Reagan and President Samora Machel of Mozambique Samora Moisés Machel (September 29, 1933 - October 19, 1986) was President of Mozambique from 1975 until he died eleven years later, when his presidential aircraft crashed in mountainous terrain where the borders of Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland converge. ...
Pik Botha Roelof Frederik Pik Botha (born April 27, 1932, in Rustenburg, Transvaal, South Africa), is a South African politician who served as the countrys foreign minister in the last years of the apartheid era. ...
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like body assembled in South Africa after the end of Apartheid. ...
In 1987, plans for kidnapping the entire ANC leadership were uncovered. The thwarted operation was generally attributed to South African intelligence. Two Norwegians with a mercenary background and a British national were initially arrested but never charged - a fact that at the time gave rise to public suspicions of possible involvement by British intelligence.
On February 4, 1988, the ANC representative in Brussels, Godfrey Motsepe, narrowly escaped an assassin's bullet.
On March 29, 1988, the ANC representative in Paris, Dulcie September, was shot and killed. Former SADF Sgt Joseph Klue and South African spy, Dirk Stoffberg, were in the frame for both shootings. Dulcie Evonne September (died March 29, 1988) was a notable murder victim. ...
On December 21, 1988, Pik Botha and a South African delegation of 22, including defence minister, General Magnus Malan, and head of military intelligence, General C J Van Tonder, arrived by South African Airways from Johannesburg at Heathrow Airport with an onward booking by Pan Am Flight 103 to New York for the signing ceremony, on December 22, at UN headquarters of an agreement relinquishing control of South-West Africa (Namibia). The South Africans cancelled their booking on PA 103 and Pik Botha, plus a reduced contingent of six, took the morning Pan Am 101 Flight. The remaining 16 in the SA party turned around and went back to Johannesburg. Bernt Carlsson, UN Commissioner for Namibia, had his travel plans interrupted and, instead of flying by Sabena from Brussels to New York for the same signing ceremony, he was re-booked to travel on the doomed PA 103 flight. One Lockerbie theory implicates Williamson and South Africa's military intelligence directorate for the bombing [5] December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Pik Botha Roelof Frederik Pik Botha (born April 27, 1932, in Rustenburg, Transvaal, South Africa), is a South African politician who served as the countrys foreign minister in the last years of the apartheid era. ...
General Magnus Malan (b. ...
South African Airways (SAA), known simply as South African on their aircraft colour scheme, is South Africas largest domestic and international airline company. ...
City motto: Unity in Development Province Gauteng Mayor Amos Masondo Area - % water 1,644 km² 0. ...
London Heathrow Airport (IATA airport code: LHR, ICAO airport code: EGLL, and often simply Heathrow) is the United Kingdoms busiest and best-connected airport. ...
Pan Am Flight 103 was Pan American World Airways third daily scheduled transatlantic flight from Londons Heathrow International Airport to New Yorks John F. Kennedy International Airport. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 27th 141,205 km² 455 km 530 km 13. ...
December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
South-West Africa is the former name (1884-1990) of Namibia under German (as German South-West Africa, Deutsch Süd-West Afrika) and (from 1915) South African administration when it was conquered from the Germans during World War I. Following the war, the Treaty of Versailles declared the territory...
Bernt Wilmar Carlsson was born in 1938 in Stockholm, Sweden and died in the Lockerbie bombing on December 21, 1988. ...
Sabena was the former national airline of Belgium, mainly operating from Brussels National Airport, now replaced by SN Brussels Airlines. ...
Emblem of the Brussels-Capital Region Flag of The City of Brussels Brussels (French: Bruxelles, Dutch: Brussel, German: Brüssel) is the capital of Belgium, the French community of Belgium, the Flemish community and of the European Union. ...
Propaganda Williamson was one of the main collaborators with Peter Worthington in the pro-apartheid video The ANC method - violence which was distributed by Citizens for foreign aid reform throughout Canada in 1988.
In the summer of 1988 the US-produced film Red Scorpion was made on location in South-West Africa (Namibia). South Africa helped finance the movie and the SADF provided trucks, equipment as well as extras. The action packed movie was a sympathetic portrayal of an anti-communist guerrilla commander loosely based on Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA – the Angolan rebel movement – supported by both Washington and Pretoria. The film's producer, Jack Abramoff, was also head of the International Freedom Foundation (IFF). Established in Washington in 1986 as a conservative think-tank, the IFF was in fact part of an elaborate intelligence gathering operation and, according to Craig Williamson, was designed to be an instrument for political warfare against apartheid's foes. South Africa spent up to $1.5million a year – until funding was withdrawn in 1992 – to underwrite Operation Babushka, the code-name by which the IFF project was known. South-West Africa is the former name (1884-1990) of Namibia under German (as German South-West Africa, Deutsch Süd-West Afrika) and (from 1915) South African administration when it was conquered from the Germans during World War I. Following the war, the Treaty of Versailles declared the territory...
The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is the name of the armed forces of South Africa. ...
Jonas Malheiro Savimbi (August 3, 1934–February 22, 2002) was a rebel leader in Angola who founded the UNITA movement in 1966, and ultimately proved a central figure in 20th century Cold War politics. ...
UNITA sticker The União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) is an Angolan political faction. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 18th 184,824 km² 385 km 580 km 6. ...
Lobbyist Jack Abramoff was featured on the cover of TIME magazine, the week of January 9, 2006, after his guilty plea. ...
The International Freedom Foundation (IFF), founded in 1986, was described as a Washington conservative think-tank with branches in Johannesburg and London, but was actually a front organization for apartheid South Africas Directorate of Military Intelligence. ...
The stated aim of the International Freedom Foundation (IFF), established in Washington in 1986, was to promote individual and collective freedoms worldwide: freedom of thought; free speech; free association; free enterprise; and, the free market principle. ...
In a television interview early in August 2001, Williamson told the BBC's Tim Sebastian that the actions he took during the apartheid era had to be seen against the background of the Cold War and were in support of the West. The NATO bombing of Belgrade in 1999, he said, killed far more civilians than his dirty tricks brigade ever did [6]. Tim Sebastian (born in London on March 13, 1952) is the presenter of BBCs HARDtalk. ...
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