A crater lake that simply goes by the name "Crater Lake", in Oregon, USA

Heaven Lake (Chonji / Tianchi), North Korea / China

Cuicocha, Ecuador

Lake formed after 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

Mount Katmai, Alaska, USA

Mount Wenchi crater lake, Ethiopia

Nemrut, Turkey

Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica

This page describes the geological feature. For the lake of the same name in Oregon, see Crater Lake.

A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater, caldera, or maar. Incoming precipitation fills the depression to form a deepening lake, until an equilibrium is reached between the rate of water coming in and the rate of water loss due to evaporation, subsurface drainage, and possibly also surface outflow if the lake fills the crater up to the lowest point on its rim. Crater lakes covering active (fumarolic) volcanic vents are often known as volcanic lakes, and the water within them is typically acidic, saturated with volcanic gases, and cloudy with a strong greenish color. Lakes located in dormant or extinct volcanoes tend to have fresh water, and the water clarity in such lakes is often exceptional due to the lack of inflowing streams and sediment. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A crater lake that simply goes by the name Crater Lake, in Oregon, USA Heaven Lake (Chonji / Tianchi), North Korea / China Cuicocha, Ecuador Lake formed after 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Mount Katmai, Alaska, USA Mount Wenchi crater lake, Ethiopia Nemrut, Turkey Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica This page... Image File history File links Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi. ... Image File history File links Baitou_Mountain_Tianchi. ... Chon-Ji redirects here. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1518x1088, 1039 KB) Summary The Cuicocha caldera and crater lake in Imbabura Province, Ecuador. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1518x1088, 1039 KB) Summary The Cuicocha caldera and crater lake in Imbabura Province, Ecuador. ... Cuicocha is a 3 kilometer wide caldera and crater lake at the foot of Cotacachi Volcano in the Cordillera Occidental of the Ecuadorian Andes. ... Image File history File links Pinatubo(052005). ... Image File history File links Pinatubo(052005). ... Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, at the intersection of the borders of the provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga. ... Image File history File links Katmai Crater - Mount Katmai, Alaska Image ID: line0172, Americas Coastlines Collection Location: Katmai Crater Photo Date: 1980 September Photographer: Captain Budd Christman, NOAA Corps File links The following pages link to this file: Mount Katmai Gallery of mountains Categories: Volcanoes of Alaska ... Image File history File links Katmai Crater - Mount Katmai, Alaska Image ID: line0172, Americas Coastlines Collection Location: Katmai Crater Photo Date: 1980 September Photographer: Captain Budd Christman, NOAA Corps File links The following pages link to this file: Mount Katmai Gallery of mountains Categories: Volcanoes of Alaska ... This article is about Katmai, the volcano. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Crater of Nemrut Dağı, satelite view (Feb 2001) Nemrut or Nemrut Dagi (Armenian: Սարակն, Mountain spring, scientific transliteration: Sarakn, Kurdish Çiyayê Nemrud) is a dormant volcano in Eastern Turkey, close to Lake Van, at , . The volcano is named after King Nimrod who ruled this area in about 2100BC.[1] // Description Mt. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1136x852, 212 KB) Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1136x852, 212 KB) Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica. ... The Irazú Volcano (in Spanish ) is an active volcano in Costa Rica, situated in the Cordillera Central close to the city of Cartago. ... A crater lake that simply goes by the name Crater Lake, in Oregon, USA Heaven Lake (Chonji / Tianchi), North Korea / China Cuicocha, Ecuador Lake formed after 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Mount Katmai, Alaska, USA Mount Wenchi crater lake, Ethiopia Nemrut, Turkey Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica This page... A man-made lake in Keukenhof, Netherlands A lake (from Latin lacus) is a body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. ... Craters on Mount Cameroon Perhaps the most conspicuous part of a volcano is the crater, a basin of a roughly circular form within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... Ukinrek Maars, Alaska; the result of a 10-day eruption in 1977. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Fumaroles escape through Fourpeaked Glacier covering Fourpeaked Volcano in Alaska on September 24, 2006 A fumarole (Latin fumus, smoke) is an opening in Earths (or any other astronomical bodys) crust, often in the neighborhood of volcanoes, which emits steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric... For alternative meanings see acid (disambiguation). ... Volcanic gases include a variety of substances given off by active (or, at times, by dormant) volcanos. ...

A well-known crater lake, which bears the same name as the geological feature, is Crater Lake in Oregon, USA. It is located in the caldera of Mount Mazama, hence the name "Crater Lake" is somewhat of a misnomer. It is the deepest lake in the United States with a depth of 594 m (1,949 ft). Crater Lake is fed solely by falling rain and snow, with no inflow or outflow at the surface, and hence has the clearest water of any lake in the world. A crater lake that simply goes by the name Crater Lake, in Oregon, USA Heaven Lake (Chonji / Tianchi), North Korea / China Cuicocha, Ecuador Lake formed after 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Mount Katmai, Alaska, USA Mount Wenchi crater lake, Ethiopia Nemrut, Turkey Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica This page... Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... Mount Mazama is a destroyed stratovolcano in the Oregon part of the Cascade Volcanic Belt and the Cascade Range. ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...

The highest volcano in the world, 6,893 m (22,615 ft) Ojos del Salado, has a permanent crater lake about 100 m (300 ft) in diameter at an elevation of 6,390 m (20,960 ft) on its eastern side.^[1] This is most likely the highest lake of any kind in the world. For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Ojos del Salado is a stratovolcano in the Andes on the border of Argentina-Chile. ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A man-made lake in Keukenhof, Netherlands A lake (from Latin lacus) is a body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. ...

Due to their unstable environment, some crater lakes exist only intermittently. Caldera lakes in contrast can be quite large and long-lasting; for instance, Lake Toba formed after its eruption around 70,000 years ago and has an area of over 1000 square kilometres. View of Lake Toba Lake Toba is a large lake, 100km long and 30km wide, in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ...

While many crater lakes are picturesque, they can also be deadly. Gas discharges from Lake Nyos suffocated 1,800 people in 1986, and crater lakes such as Mount Ruapehu's often contribute to destructive lahars. Lake Nyos is a crater lake in the Northwest Province of Cameroon, located at . ... Composite satellite image of Ruapehu Mount Ruapehu, or just Ruapehu, is an active stratovolcano, situated at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. ... Lahar from a March 1982 eruption of Mount St. ...

Lakes can also fill impact craters, but these are not usually referred to as crater lakes except in a few isolated cases. Example of such impact crater lakes include Lake Bosumtwi in Ghana and Siljan in Sweden. Tycho crater on Earths moon. ... Lake Bosumtwi is a large crater lake formed in an impact crater some 32 km south-east of Kumasi, Ghana. ... Siljan, in Dalecarlia in central Sweden, is Swedens sixth largest lake. ...

Notable crater lakes

Lake of Albano	Italy
Blue Lake	Australia, South Australia
Lake Bolsena	Italy
Lake Bracciano	Italy
Crater Lake	United States, Oregon
Cuicocha	Ecuador
Heaven Lake (Chonji / Tianchi)	North Korea /  China
Volcán Irazú	Costa Rica
Kapoho Crater	United States, Hawaii
Mount Katmai	United States, Alaska
Kelut	Indonesia
Kerið	Iceland
Kurile Lake	Russia (Kamchatka)
Medicine Lake Volcano	United States, California
Mashu	Japan
Lake Nemi	Italy
Nemrut	Turkey
Newberry Volcano	United States, Oregon
Lake Nyos	Cameroon
Mount Pinatubo	Philippines
Mount Ruapehu	New Zealand
Soufrière	St. Vincent
Taal Lake	Philippines
Lake Taupo	New Zealand
Tazawa	Japan
Lake Toba	Indonesia
Towada	Japan
Lake Vico	Italy
Lake Wenchi [2]	Ethiopia

Lake of Albano, George Inness, 1869 Lake of Albano is a small crater-like lake 15 miles southeast of Rome, near which rises the Castel Gandolfo, where the Pope has a villa. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... The Blue Lake (37°50′S 140°46′E) in Mount Gambier is a large lake located in an extinct volcanic caldera. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 11  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $59,819 (5th)  - Product per capita  $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of September 2006)  - Population  1,558,200 (5th)  - Density  1. ... Lake Bolsena, wideangle view Lake Bolsena (Italian: Lago di Bolsena) is a crater lake of central Italy, of volcanic origin, which was formed 370,000 years ago following the collapse of a caldera of the Vulsini volcanic complex [1]. Roman historic records indicate activity of the Vulsini volcano occurred as... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Lake Bracciano (in Italian Lago di Bracciano) is a lake of volcanic origin and it is set in the Italian region Lazio, 32 km NW of Rome. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... A crater lake that simply goes by the name Crater Lake, in Oregon, USA Heaven Lake (Chonji / Tianchi), North Korea / China Cuicocha, Ecuador Lake formed after 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Mount Katmai, Alaska, USA Mount Wenchi crater lake, Ethiopia Nemrut, Turkey Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica This page... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... Cuicocha is a 3 kilometer wide caldera and crater lake at the foot of Cotacachi Volcano in the Cordillera Occidental of the Ecuadorian Andes. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ecuador. ... Chon-Ji redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Korea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... The Irazú Volcano (in Spanish ) is an active volcano in Costa Rica, situated in the Cordillera Central close to the city of Cartago. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Costa_Rica. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ... This article is about Katmai, the volcano. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Official language(s) English[1] Spoken language(s) English 85. ... Kelut is a volcano located on the island of Java in Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Indonesia. ... Kerið Kerið is a volcanic crater lake located in south central Iceland, on the popular tourist route known as the Golden Circle. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iceland. ... Kurile Lake (Russian: ) is a large caldera containing a crater lake, located in the southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Kamchatka Oblast, an oblast in Russia. ... Penis Pump juice. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Lake Mashu (摩周湖) is a lake formed in the caldera of a dormant volcano. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Lake Nemi (Latin: Nemorensis Lacus) is a small circular volcanic lake in the Lazio region of Italy 30 kilometers south of Rome, taking its name from Nemi, the largest town in the area, that overlooks it from a height. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Crater of Nemrut Dağı, satelite view (Feb 2001) Nemrut or Nemrut Dagi (Armenian: Սարակն, Mountain spring, scientific transliteration: Sarakn, Kurdish Çiyayê Nemrud) is a dormant volcano in Eastern Turkey, close to Lake Van, at , . The volcano is named after King Nimrod who ruled this area in about 2100BC.[1] // Description Mt. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Map of Newberry Volcano and surroundings Newberry Volcano 7,985 ft (2,434 m) high is a large shield volcano located 40 miles (60 km) east of the Cascade Range and about 20 miles (30 km) southeast of Bend, Oregon. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... Lake Nyos is a crater lake in the Northwest Province of Cameroon, located at . ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cameroon. ... Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, at the intersection of the borders of the provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... Composite satellite image of Ruapehu Mount Ruapehu, or just Ruapehu, is an active stratovolcano, situated at the southern end of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_New_Zealand. ... La Soufrière is a volcano and the highest peak on the island of Saint Vincent in the West Indies. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines. ... Kingstown, St. ... Satellite image showing Taal Lake Taal Lake is a freshwater lake on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, situated within a caldera formed by very large eruptions between 500,000 and 100,000 years ago. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... Lake Taupo is a lake situated in the North Island of New Zealand. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_New_Zealand. ... Lake Tazawa For the town in Akita Prefecture, see Tazawako, Akita. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... View of Lake Toba Lake Toba is a large lake, 100km long and 30km wide, in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Indonesia. ... Lake Towada Lake Towada Lake Towada ) is the largest caldera lake in the island of Honshu, Japan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Lake Vico ( ) is a volcanic lake in northern Lazio region, central Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ...

See also

• Lake breakout

Lake breakout is a geological term that refers to the collapse of a (usually high-altitude) lake. ...

References

• Delmelle, Pierre & Alain Bernard (1999), "Volcanic Lakes", in Sigurdsson, Haraldur, Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, San Diego: Academic Press, ISBN 012643140X, at pp. 877–895
• Varekamp, Johan C.; Rowe, Gary L. , Jr. (eds.) (2000). "Crater Lakes". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 97 (1–4): pp. 1–508.  (entire volume about crater lakes)
• Pasternack, G. B.; Varekamp, J. C. (1997). "Volcanic lake systematics I. Physical constraints". Bulletin of Volcanology 58 (7): pp. 526–538. 
• Kusakabe, Minoru (ed.) (1994). "Geochemistry of Crater Lakes". Geochemical Journal 28 (3): pp. 137–306.  (entire issue about chemistry of crater lakes)

• IAVCEI Commission of Volcanic Lakes
• IAVCEI Commission of Volcanic Lakes: Some fundamentals about Crater Lakes
• The Science of Volcanic Lakes
• Volcanic Lakes of the World

Haraldur Sigurdsson was born May 31, 1939 and grew up in Iceland where he developed an interest in volcanoes and their activity. ... Academic Press (London, New York and San Diego) was an academic book publisher that is now part of Elsevier. ... The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Corporation for Technical Cooperation) or GTZ is a private international enterprise specializing in technical cooperation for sustainable political, economic, ecological, and social development. ...

External links

• USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Water on volcanoes: heavy rain and crater lakes
• USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory: Volcanic Lakes
• The Science of Volcanic Lakes, Greg Pasternack, U. California Davis