NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cray

Cray Inc. (NASDAQ: CRAY) is a supercomputer manufacturer based in Seattle, Washington. The company's predecessor, Cray Research, Inc. (CRI), was founded in 1972 by computer designer Seymour Cray. Already a legend in his field by this time, Cray put his company on the map in 1976 with the release of the Cray-1 vector computer. Cray went on to form the spin-off Cray Computer Corporation (CCC), in 1989, which went bankrupt in 1995, while Cray Research was bought by SGI the next year. Cray Inc. was formed in 2000 when Tera Computer Company purchased the Cray Research Inc. business from SGI and adopted the name of its acquisition. Cray can mean:- The River Cray in south London in England. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... NASDAQ in Times Square, New York City. ... An entrepreneur (a loanword from French introduced and first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon) is a person who operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ... Seymour Roger Cray (September 28, 1925 â€“ October 5, 1996) was a U.S. electrical engineer and supercomputer architect who founded the company Cray Research. ... Seattle redirects here. ... For other uses, see Supercomputer (disambiguation). ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... NASDAQ in Times Square, New York City. ... For other uses, see Supercomputer (disambiguation). ... Seattle redirects here. ... Seymour Roger Cray (September 28, 1925 â€“ October 5, 1996) was a U.S. electrical engineer and supercomputer architect who founded the company Cray Research. ... CRAY-1 at the EPFL in Switzerland. ... Processor board of a CRAY YMP vector computer A vector processor, or array processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously. ... Silicon Graphics, Inc. ... Tera Computer Company Founded in 1987 in Washington, DC, by James Rottsolk and Burton Smith. ...

Company history

The Cray Research years

Seymour Cray began working in the computing field in 1950 when he joined Engineering Research Associates (ERA) in Saint Paul, Minnesota. There, he helped to create the ERA 1103, regarded as the first successful scientific computer. ERA eventually became part of UNIVAC, and started to be phased out. He left the company in 1960, a few years after some former ERA employees set up Control Data Corporation (CDC). He eventually set up a lab at his home in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, about 85 miles to the east. Engineering Research Associates, commonly known as ERA, was a pioneering computer firm from the 1950s. ... For an overview of the Twin Cities metropolitan area, see Minneapolis-Saint Paul. ... The UNIVAC 1103 or ERA 1103, a successor to the UNIVAC 1101, was a computer system designed by Engineering Research Associates and built by the Remington Rand corporation in October, 1953. ... UNIVAC serves as the catch-all name for the American manufacturers of the lines of mainframe computers by that name, which through mergers and acquisitions underwent numerous name changes. ... Control Data Corporation (CDC), was one of the pioneering supercomputer firms. ... Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. ...

Cray had a string of successes at CDC, including the CDC 6600 and CDC 7600. However the company ran into financial difficulties in the late 1960s and development funds for his follow-on CDC 8600 became scarce. When he was told the project would have to be put "on hold" in 1972, Cray left to form his own company, Cray Research Inc., with research and development facilities in Chippewa Falls and the business headquarters in Minneapolis. The CDC 6600 was a mainframe computer from Control Data Corporation, first manufactured in 1965. ... The CDC 7600 was the Seymour Cray-designed successor to the CDC 6600, extending Control Datas dominance of the supercomputer field into the 1970s. ... The CDC 8600 was the last of Seymore Crays supercomputer designs while working for Control Data. ... Minneapolis redirects here. ...

The Cray-1 was a major success when it was released, faster than all computers at the time except for the ILLIAC IV. The first system was sold within a month for US$ 8.8 million. Seymour Cray continued working, this time on the Cray-2, though it only ended up being marginally faster than the Cray X-MP, developed by another team at the company. Image File history File links Cray2. ... Image File history File links Cray2. ... CRAY-1 at the EPFL in Switzerland. ... The ILLIAC IV was one of the most infamous supercomputers ever, destined to be the last in a series of research machines from the University of Illinois. ... USD redirects here. ... The Cray-2 is in the left foreground. ... The Cray X-MP was a supercomputer designed, built and sold by Cray Research. ...

He soon left the CEO position to become an independent contractor. Cray started a new VLSI technology lab for the Cray-2 in Boulder, Colorado, Cray Laboratories, in 1979. The Labs were closed in 1982, but Cray later headed a similar spin-off in 1989, forming Cray Computer Corporation (CCC) in Colorado Springs. Seymour Cray worked there on the Cray-3 project, the first attempt at major use of gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors in computing. However, the changing political climate (collapse of Warsaw Pact and the end of Cold War) resulted in poor sales (only one Cray-3 was delivered), and the company fell by the wayside, eventually filing for bankruptcy in 1995. CCC's remains then began Cray's final corporation SRC Computers, Inc. which still exists. â€œChief executiveâ€ redirects here. ... VLSI may refer to: Very-large-scale integration, a process for the creation of electronic integrated circuits VLSI Technology (1979â€“1999), a former American integrated circuit manufacturer, now a part of Philips Electronics VLSI Solution, a Finnish integrated circuit manufacturer Category: ... Boulder In geology, a boulder is a rock with grain size of usually no less than 256 mm (10 inches) diameter. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area Ranked 8th - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (451 km) - Length 380 miles (612 km) - % water 0. ... Colorado Springs is a middle-sized city, located just east of the geographic center of the state of Colorado in the United States. ... The Cray-3 was intended to be Cray Researchs successor to the Cray-2 supercomputer. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... A semiconductor is a solid whose electrical conductivity is in between that of a conductor and that of an insulator, and can be controlled over a wide range, either permanently or dynamically. ... Not to be confused with the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administrationâ€”see text) in the United Kingdom. ... SRC Computers, Inc. ...

Cray Research, with Steve Chen, continued with the line originally started with the X-MP, adding the Cray Y-MP and then Cray C90 and Cray T90, developments of that series. All of these machines essentially comprised multiple Cray-1's in a box, two to four in the X-MP, up to thirty-two in the later machines. Because of the uncertainty of the Cray-2 project, a number of Cray-object-code compatible "Crayette" firms started: Scientific Computer Systems (SCS), American Supercomputer, Supertek, and perhaps at least one other firm. Not meant to compete against Cray, these firms attempted less expensive, slower CMOS versions of the X-MP with the release of the COS operating system (SCS) and the CFT Fortran compiler. All these firms also considered National labs (LANL/LLNL) developed CTSS operating system as well before caving in to the tide of Unixes. Steve Chen (Chinese: , born about 1944 in Taiwan) is a computer engineer and pioneer. ... The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor to the companys X-MP. The Y-MP retained software compatibility with the X-MP, but extended the address registers from 24 to 32 bits. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Cray T90 series (code-named Triton during development) was the last of a line of vector processing supercomputers manufactured by Cray Research, Inc, superseding the Cray C90 series. ... The three-letter abbreviation CFT may refer to: (-)-2-Î²-Carbomethoxy-3-Î²-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane naphthalenedisulfonate California Federation of Teachers Cardholder Funds Transfer Combatting the Financing of Terrorism compact fluorescent tube, more or less synonymous with compact fluorescent lamp (depending on whether one calls the entire fixture the lamp and calls... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... The United States Department of Energy National Laboratories are a system of research facilities and laboratories funded and controlled by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for the purpose advancing science and aiding in the economic and defensive national interests of the United States of America. ... Los Alamos National Laboratory, aerial view from 1995. ... Aerial view of the lab and surrounding area. ... CTSS, which stood for the Compatible Time-Sharing System, was one of the first time-sharing operating systems; it was developed at MITs Computation Center. ... UNIX® (or Unix) is a portable, multi-task and multi-user computer operating system originally developed by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ...

In the late 1980s the high-performance market began to be overtaken by a series of massively parallel computers, led by pioneers Thinking Machines, Kendall Square Research, nCUBE, MasPar and Meiko Scientific. At first Cray Research denigrated such approaches, complaining that developing software to effectively use the machines was difficult—which was true in the era of the ILLIAC IV, but becoming less so each day. Eventually Cray realized that the approach was likely the only way forward and started a five year project to capture the lead in this area as well. The result was the DEC Alpha-based Cray T3D and Cray T3E series, which ironically left Cray as the only remaining supercomputer vendor in the market by 2000. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2232x1128, 448 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Superscalar Cray Cray T3E Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2232x1128, 448 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Superscalar Cray Cray T3E Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner... Massively parallel is a description which appears in computer science, life science, medical diagnositcs, and other fields. ... Thinking Machines Corporation was a supercomputer manufacturer founded in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1982 by W. Daniel Hillis and Sheryl Handler to turn Hilliss doctoral work at MIT on massively parallel computing architectures into a commercial product called the Connection Machine. ... Kendall Square Research (KSR) was a supercomputer company headquartered originally in Kendall Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1986, near MIT. It was co-founded by Henry Burkhardt III who had previously helped found Data General and Encore Computer and was one of the original team that designed the PDP-8... The correct title of this article is nCUBE. The initial letter is capitalized due to technical restrictions. ... MasPar Computer Corporation was a minisupercomputer vendor that was founded in 1987 by Jeff Kalb. ... Meiko Scientific Ltd. ... The ILLIAC IV was one of the most infamous supercomputers ever, destined to be the last in a series of research machines from the University of Illinois. ... DEC Alpha AXP 21064 Microprocessor die photo Package for DEC Alpha AXP 21064 Microprocessor Alpha AXP 21064 bare die mounted on a business card with some statistics The DEC Alpha, also known as the Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit RISC microprocessor originally developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corp... Categories: Stub ... The Cray T3E was a massively parallel supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1995. ...

In the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of new vendors introduced small supercomputers, known as minisupercomputers (as opposed to superminis), which started to erode the market that would have otherwise considered a low-end Cray machine. Particularly popular was the Convex Computer series, as well as a number of small-scale parallel machines from companies like Pyramid Technology and Alliant Computer Systems. One such company was SuperTek, whose S-1 machine was an air-cooled CMOS implementation of the X-MP processor. Cray purchased SuperTek in 1989 and sold the S-1 as the Cray XMS, but the machine proved problematic. Meanwhile their not-yet-completed S-2, a Y-MP clone, was later offered as the Cray Y-MP EL (later becoming the EL90 series), which started to sell in reasonable numbers in 1991/2. These systems were sold to smaller companies, notably in oil exploration. This line evolved into the Cray J90 and eventually the Cray SV1 in 1998. Minisupercomputers constituted a class of computers that emerged in the mid-1980s. ... Convex Computer was a company that produced a number of vector minisupercomputers, supercomputers for small-to-medium-sized businesses. ... Pyramid Technology was a computer company that produced a number of RISC-based minicomputers at the upper-end of the performance range. ... Alliant Computer Systems was a computer company that designed and manufactured parallel computing systems. ... For other uses, see CMOS (disambiguation). ... The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor to the companys X-MP. The Y-MP retained software compatibility with the X-MP, but extended the address registers from 24 to 32 bits. ... The Cray J90 series (code-named Jedi during development) was an air-cooled vector processor supercomputer first sold by Cray Research in 1994. ... The Cray SV1 was a vector processor supercomputer, first manufactured by the Cray Research division of Silicon Graphics in 1998. ...

In December 1991, Cray purchased some of the assets of Floating Point Systems, another minisuper vendor who had moved into the file server market with their SPARC-based Model 500 line.^[1] These SMP machines scaled up to 64 processors and ran a modified version of Sun Microsystems' Solaris. Cray set up Cray Research Superservers, Inc. (later the Business Systems Division) to sell this system as the Cray S-MP, later replacing it with the Cray CS6400. In spite of these machines being some of the most powerful available when applied to appropriate workloads Cray was never very successful in this market, possibly due to it being so foreign to their existing market niche. Floating Point Systems Inc. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sun UltraSPARC II Microprocessor Sun UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara 8 Core) SPARC (Scalable Processor Architecture) is a RISC microprocessor instruction set architecture originally designed in 1985 by Sun Microsystems. ... Symmetric multiprocessing, or SMP, is a multiprocessor computer architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single shared main memory. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... Solaris is a computer operating system developed by Sun Microsystems. ... The Cray Superserver 6400, or CS6400, was a multiprocessor server computer system produced by Cray Research Superservers, Inc. ...

The SGI years

Cray Research merged with Silicon Graphics (SGI) in February 1996. At the time the industry was highly critical of the move, noting that there was little overlap between the two companies in terms of market or technology. Founder Seymour Cray died in Fall, 1996 from a traffic accident. Silicon Graphics, Inc. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

SGI immediately sold off the Superservers business to Sun, who quickly turned the UltraSPARC-based Starfire project then under development into the extremely successful Enterprise 10000 range of servers. These continue to be sold to this day, and only recently have traditional Intel-based systems started to approach the performance of the systems Sun picked up almost for free. This article needs to be wikified. ... Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ...

SGI did use a number of Cray technologies in their attempt to move from the graphics workstation market into supercomputing. Key among these was the use of the Cray-developed HIPPI data-bus and details of the interconnects used in the T3 series. HIPPI (HIgh Performance Parallel Interface) is a computer bus for the attachment of high speed storage devices to supercomputers. ... In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data or power between computer components inside a computer or between computers and typically is controlled by device driver software. ...

SGI's long-term strategy was to merge their high-end server line with Cray's product lines in two phases, code-named SN1 and SN2 (SN standing for "Scalable Node"). The SN1 was intended to replace the T3E and SGI Origin 2000 systems and later became the SN-MIPS or SGI Origin 3000 architecture. The SN2 was originally intended to unify all high-end/supercomputer product lines including the T90 into a single architecture. This goal was never achieved before SGI divested itself of the Cray business, and the SN2 name was later associated with the SN-IA or SGI Altix 3000 architecture. Altix is Silicon Graphicss line of servers and supercomputers. ...

Under SGI ownership, one new Cray model line was launched, the SV1, in 1998. This was a clustered SMP vector processor architecture, developed from J90 technology.

SGI set up a separate Cray Research Business Unit in August 1999 in preparation for detachment. On March 2, 2000, the unit was sold to Tera Computer Company. Tera Computer Company was then renamed Cray Inc. when the deal closed on April 4, 2000. is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Tera Computer Company Founded in 1987 in Washington, DC, by James Rottsolk and Burton Smith. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ...

Cray Inc.

After the Tera merger, the Tera MTA system was relaunched as the Cray MTA-2. This was not a commercial success and shipped to only two customers. Cray Inc. also badged the NEC SX-6 supercomputer as the Cray SX-6 and acquired exclusive rights to sell the SX-6 in the USA, Canada and Mexico. The Cray MTA-2 is a Shared-Memory MIMD computer marketed by Cray Inc. ... The SX-6 supercomputer, built by NEC; shown here in the version licensed to Cray for sale in the United States. ...

In 2002, Cray Inc. announced their first new model, the Cray X1 combined architecture vector / MPP supercomputer. Previously known as the SV2, the X1 is the end result of the earlier SN2 concept originated during the SGI years. In May 2004, Cray was announced to be one of the partners in the U.S. Department of Energy's fastest-computer-in-the-world project to build a 50 teraflops machine for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. As of November 2004, the Cray X1 has a maximum measured performance of 5.9 teraflops, being the 29th fastest supercomputer in the world. Since then the X1 has been superseded by the X1E, with faster dual-core processors. The Cray X1 is a non-uniform memory access, vector processor supercomputer manufactured and sold by Cray Inc. ... Processor board of a CRAY YMP vector computer A vector processor, or array processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously. ... Massively parallel is a description which appears in computer science, life science, medical diagnositcs, and other fields. ... The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy and nuclear safety. ... For other uses, see Flop. ... A combination of federal, state and private funds is providing $300 million for the construction of 13 facilities on ORNLs new main campus. ... The Cray X1 is a non-uniform memory access, vector processor supercomputer manufactured and sold by Cray Inc. ...

On 4 October 2004, the company announced the Cray XD1 range of entry-level supercomputers which use dual-core 64-bit AMD Opteron CPUs running Linux. This system was previously known as the OctigaBay 12K before Cray's acquisition of that company. The XD1 provides one Xilinx Virtex II Pro field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with each node of four Opteron processors. The FPGAs can be configured to embody various digital hardware designs and so can augment the processing or input/output capabilities of the Opteron processors. Furthermore, each FPGA contains a pair of PowerPC 405 processors; these can add to the already considerable power of a single node. is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cray XD1 supercomputer range, made by Cray Inc. ... In computing, a 64-bit component is one in which data are processed or stored in 64-bit units (words). ... â€œAMDâ€ redirects here. ... The Opteron is AMDs x86 server processor line, and was the first processor to implement the AMD64 instruction set architecture (known generically as x86-64). ... CPU redirects here. ... This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ... Xilinx, Inc. ... A field-programmable gate array or FPGA is a gate array that can be reprogrammed after it is manufactured, rather than having its programming fixed during the manufacturing — a programmable logic device. ... PowerPC is a RISC microprocessor architecture created by the 1991 Appleâ€“IBMâ€“Motorola alliance, known as AIM. Originally intended for personal computers, PowerPC CPUs have since become popular embedded and high-performance processors as well. ...

Also in 2004, Cray completed the Red Storm system for Sandia National Laboratories. This has processors clustered in 96-processor cabinets, a theoretical maximum of 300 cabinets in a machine, and a design speed of 41.5 teraflops. The Cray XT3 massively parallel supercomputer is a commercialized version of Red Storm, similar in many respects to the earlier T3E architecture, but, like the XD1, using AMD Opteron processors. The Cray XT4, introduced in 2006 added support for DDR2 memories, newer dual-core and future quad-core Opteron processors. The XT4 also allows FPGA chips to be plugged directly into processor sockets, unlike the XD1, which required a dedicated socket for the FPGA coprocessor. The XT4 also uses the second generation SeaStar2 communication coprocessor. [1] For other uses, see Red Storm. ... It has been suggested that Sandia Base be merged into this article or section. ... The Cray XT3 is a shared-memory massively parallel MIMD supercomputer designed by Cray Inc. ... The Cray XT4 (codenamed Hood during development) is an updated version of the Cray XT3 supercomputer, which includes an updated version of the SeaStar interconnect router, processor sockets for Socket AM2 Opteron processors, and 240-pin unbuffered DDR2 memory. ... The Opteron is AMDs x86 server processor line, and was the first processor to implement the AMD64 instruction set architecture (known generically as x86-64). ... A field-programmable gate array or FPGA is a gate array that can be reprogrammed after it is manufactured, rather than having its programming fixed during the manufacturing — a programmable logic device. ...

On 13 November 2006, Cray announced a new system, the Cray XMT, based on the MTA series of machines, and expects to ship the machines in 2007. [2] [3]. This system combines multi-threaded processors, as used on the original Tera systems, and the SeaStar2 interconnect used by the XT4. By reusing ASICs, boards, cabinets, and system software used by the comparatively higher volume XT4 product, the cost of making the very specialized MTA system can be reduced. is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cray XMT (codenamed Eldorado) is the third generation of the Cray MTA supercomputer architecture originally developed by Tera. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Looking to the future, Cray has announced a new vision of products dubbed 'Adaptive Supercomputing'^[2]. The first generation of such systems, dubbed the Rainier Project, will use a common interconnect network, programming environment, cabinet design, and I/O subsystem. These systems include the XT4, the XMT, and the X2. The second generation, code-named Baker, Granite and Marble, will allow a system to combine compute elements of various types into a common system, sharing infrastructure. Such a system would be able to combine Opteron, vector, multithreaded, and FPGA compute processors in a single system. Cascade^[3] systems will make use of future Opteron processors, and a "Multithreaded Vector Processor" (MVP) accelerator; this processor can switch between vector-style operation, like that of the X2, and multithreaded operation like the XMT. These systems are several years from being produced, so it is likely that the final designs will differ from what has currently been published. The Cray X2 is a supercomputer made by Cray Inc. ... A field-programmable gate array or FPGA is a gate array that can be reprogrammed after it is manufactured, rather than having its programming fixed during the manufacturing — a programmable logic device. ...

Trivia

Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... For other uses, see Mainframe. ... For the grappling position, see double collar tie. ... The Dannebrog, national flag of Denmark, is the oldest state flag still in use. ... For other uses, see Crayon (disambiguation). ... The Cray X-MP was a supercomputer designed, built and sold by Cray Research. ... Families Astacoidea Astacidae Cambaridae Parastacoidea Parastacidae Crayfish, often referred to as crawfish or crawdad, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are closely related. ... For other uses, see Supercomputer (disambiguation). ... Categories: Stub | Geography of the United Kingdom ... Charles Square, Bracknell , Bracknell is a town in the Bracknell Forest borough of the English county of Berkshire. ... Ronald Ronnie Kray (24 October 1933 â€“ 17 March 1995) and Reginald Reggie Kray (24 October 1933 â€“ 1 October 2000) were identical twin brothers, and the foremost organised crime leaders in Londons East End during the 1950s and 60s. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Categories: Companies listed on NASDAQ | Articles with trivia sections from May 2007 | Companies based in Seattle, Washington | Computer companies of the United States | Computer hardware companies RAM (Random Access Memory) Look up computing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... High Tech Computer Corporation (TSEC: 2498), known by its acronym HTC, is a Taiwan-based manufacturer of Microsoft Windows CE portable devices. ... Motorola Inc. ... This article is about the telecommunications corporation. ... Palm, Inc. ... Qualcomm (NASDAQ: QCOM) is a wireless telecommunications research and development company based in San Diego, California. ... Research In Motion Limited (RIM) (TSX: RIM, NASDAQ: RIMM) is a Canadian wireless device company. ... For an arrangement of Sony Ericsson products, see list of Sony Ericsson products Sony Ericsson is a joint venture established in 2001 by the Japanese consumer electronics company Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to make mobile phones. ... Conglomerate is the term used to describe a large company which consists of divisions of often seemingly unrelated businesses. ... It has been suggested that Hitachi Works be merged into this article or section. ... LG Electronics (Hangul:ì—˜ì§€ì „ìž, KRXS: 066570, LSE: LGLD) is a South Korean multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest electronics companies. ... Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. ... NCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR) is a technology company specializing in solutions for the retail and financial industries. ... Philips HQ in Amsterdam Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 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Computer hardware is the physical part of a computer, including the digital circuitry, as distinguished from the computer software that executes within the hardware. ... Acer (LSE: ACID) (Traditional Chinese: ) is a Taiwanese multinational electronics manufacturer. ... For other uses, see ASUS (disambiguation). ... This article is about the corporation Dell, Inc. ... Fujitsu Siemens Computers is a Japanese and German IT vendor, selling consumer and business computing products in the markets of Europe, the Middle East and Africa (products marketed elsewhere are sold under the Fujitsu brand). ... Gateway, Inc. ... Lenovo Group Limited, (SEHK: 0992) is today the fourth largest personal computer manufacturer in the world, and the largest in the Asia-Pacific region as of 2006. ... Quanta Computer Incorporated is a large Taiwan-based manufacturer of notebook computers and other electronic hardware. ... A computer network is an interconnection of a group of computers. ... 3Com (NASDAQ: COMS) is a manufacturer best known for its computer network infrastructure products. ... Alcatel Lucent (or Alcatel-Lucent according to some sources) is the name of the new company formed after the merge agreement signed by Alcatel and Lucent Technologies. ... Allied Telesis formerly Allied Telesyn http://www. ... Avaya Inc. ... â€œCiscoâ€ redirects here. ... Ericsson () NASDAQ: ERIC. Founded in 1876, Ericsson is a leading provider of communications networks, related services and handset technology platforms. ... Foundry Networks is a network system vendor selling high-end managed ethernet switches. ... Huawei Technologies Co. ... Juniper Networks NASDAQ: JNPR is a telecommunications equipment company. ... Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a merger (by means of a 50-50 joint venture) between Siemens AGs COM division (minus its Enterprise business unit) and Nokias Network Business Group. ... Nortel Networks Corporation TSX: NT NYSE: NT, formerly known as Northern Telecom Limited and now known simply as Nortel, is a multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturer headquartered in Toronto, Canada. ... ZTE Corporation (Chineseï¼š ä¸å…´é€šè®¯ï¼‰(Zhong Xing Telecommunication Equipment Company Limited) SEHK: 0763, a state-owned corporation launched in 1985, is one of the largest telecommunications (GSM, 3G, WCDMA, CDMA, SDH, ADSL, IPTV, PSTN) manufacturers and wireless solutions providers in the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Web services architecture The W3C defines a Web service (many sources also capitalize the second word, as in Web Services) as a software system designed to support interoperable Machine to Machine interaction over a network. ... Amazon. ... For other uses, see AOL (disambiguation). ... This article is about the online auction center. ... This article is about the corporation. ... Windows Live Dev is a development center and supplier of software development kits for the Windows Live platform. ... Yahoo redirects here. ... Electronic manufacturing services (EMS) is term used for companies that design, test, manufacture, distribute and provide return/repair services for electronic component and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). ... Celestica Inc. ... Elcoteq is a Global electronics manufacturing services (EMS) and Original Design Manufacturing (ODM) company, which does manufacturing for Nokia, Ericsson , Thomson, RIM and other brand name companies. ... Flextronics International Ltd. ... Foxconn (å¯Œå£«åº·) is the trade name of the Taiwanese firm Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. ... Jabil NYSE: JBL is a provider of electronic manufacturing services. ... Kimball International, Inc. ... Plexus Corporation NASDAQ: PLXS, is an Electronics Manufacturing Services provider to the wireline/networking, wireless infrastructure, medical, commercial and defense/security/aerospace industries. ... Quanta Computer Incorporated is a large Taiwan-based manufacturer of notebook computers and other electronic hardware. ... Sanmina-SCI is a leading multinational Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS) provider headquartered in San Jose, California which provides operational services to technology companies. ... SMTC Manufacturing Corporation (NASDAQ: SMTX, TSX: SMX) is a mid-size (Tier 2) diversified electronics manufacturing services (EMS) provider based in Toronto, Ontario. ... Solectron headquarters in Milpitas Solectron Corporation (NYSE: SLR), is a global electronics manufacturing company for original equipment manufacturer (OEMs). ... Information and communication technology spending in 2005 Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... Information technology consulting (IT consulting or business and technology services) is a field that focuses on advising businesses on how best to use information technology to meet their business objectives. ... Accenture (NYSE: ACN, ISIN: BMG1150G1116) is a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company. ... A BUNCH OF DOT HEADS go ahead change it again bitch! ... Atos Origin, SA (Euronext: ATO) is an international IT corporation which operates in more than 50 countries worldwide, with about 47,000 employees. ... Avanade, Inc. ... BearingPoint, Inc. ... Booz Allen Hamilton (a. ... BT Group plc (formerly British Telecommunications plc) which trades as BT (pronounced Bee tee) (also previously as British Telecom and is still commonly known as such amongst the general public) is the privatised UK state telecommunications operator. ... Capgemini (Euronext: CAP) is a major French company, one of the worlds largest information technology, management consulting, outsourcing and professional services companies with a staff of 75,000 operating in 30 countries. ... CGI Group Inc. ... Cognizant redirects here. ... CSCs headquarters in El Segundo CSCs branch office in HITEC City Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) NYSE: CSC is an information technology (IT) and business services company headquartered in El Segundo, California, USA. Its stated mission is to help clients achieve strategic goals and profit from the use of... Deloitte & Touche (also referred to as Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and branded as Deloitte. ... Electronic Data Systems (EDS) (NYSE: EDS, LSE: EDC) is a global business and technology services company that defined the outsourcing business when it was established in 1962 by Ross Perot. ... First Data Corporation (NYSE: FDC) is a payment processing company based in Greenwood Village, Colorado. ... Fujitsu Consulting is a consulting company based in Edison, New Jersey. ... Getronics N.V. (Euronext: GTN) is an international Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Company focused on Workspace Management Services, including Application Services. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... HP Technology Solutions (or HP TSG) is a consulting firm that branched off from Hewlett-Packard. ... IBM Global Services is the worlds largest business and technology services provider. ... i-flex solutions limited is an India based IT company that produces software for the financial services industry. ... Indra Sistemas is the leading Spanish Information Technology and Defense Systems company. ... Infosys Technologies Limited (BSE: 500209, NASDAQ: INFY) is an information technology (IT) services company founded in Pune, India in 1981 by N. R. Narayana Murthy and six of his colleagues. ... Keane (KEA) is a technology firm focused upon outsourcing. ... LogicaCMG (LSE: LOG, Euronext: LOG) is a UK-based global telecommunications, IT and management consultancy company. ... Orange Business Services (formerly Equant) is a subsidiary of France TÃ©lÃ©com and provides network and information technology business services in over 220 countries and territories. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Perot Systems Corporation NYSE: PER is an information technology services provider based in Plano, Texas. ... Science Applications International Corporation Science Applications International Corporation (usually known as SAIC) is the largest employee-owned research and engineering firm in the United States. ... Sapient NASDAQ: SAPE helps clients innovate their businesses in the areas of marketing, business operations, and technologyâ€. Sapient has a reputation of tackling complex initiatives in the consulting industry like: helping MIT create a new model for making course material available globally, working with the US Marine Corps on their... Satyam Computer Services Ltd. ... Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS Limited) is one of the worldâ€™s largest providers of information technology, consulting, services and business-process outsourcing which commenced operations in 1968. ... TietoEnator is an international software development company. ... Titan Corporation is a United States-based company headquartered in San Diego, California. ... Unisys Corporation (NYSE: UIS), based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware[3], is a global provider of information technology services and solutions. ... Wipro Tech (NYSE: WIT) is an information technology service company established in India in 1980. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... EMC Corporation (NYSE: EMC) is an American manufacturer of software and systems for information management and storage. ... Maxtor Corporation was an American manufacturer of computer hard disk drives founded in 1982 and acquired by Seagate in 2006. ... Network Appliance, Inc. ... Seagate Technology (NYSE: STX) is a major American manufacturer of hard drives, founded in 1979 and based in Scotts Valley, California. ... Western Digital Corporation (NYSE: WDC) (often abbreviated to WD) is a manufacturer of a large proportion of the worlds hard disks, and has a long history in the electronics industry as an IC maker and a storage products company. ... A semiconductor is a solid whose electrical conductivity is in between that of a conductor and that of an insulator, and can be controlled over a wide range, either permanently or dynamically. ... â€œAMDâ€ redirects here. ... Broadcom Corporation is a leading American supplier of integrated circuits (ICs) for broadband communications. ... Elpida Memory, Inc. ... Fairchild Semiconductor introduced the first commercially available integrated circuit (although at almost the same time as one from Texas Instruments), and would go on to become one of the major players in the evolution of Silicon Valley in the 1960s. ... Freescale sign Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. ... Hynix Semiconductor Inc. ... Infineon Technologies AG (ISIN: DE0006231004, FWB: IFX, NYSE: IFX) was founded in April 1999 when the semiconductor operations of parent company, Siemens AG, were spun off to form a separate legal entity. ... Intel redirects here. ... Micron Technology (Micron) NYSE: MU is a multinational company based in Boise, Idaho, USA, best known for producing many forms of semiconductor devices. ... Categories: Electronics companies of the United States | Companies based in California | Corporation stubs ... NVIDIA Corporation (NASDAQ: NVDA) (pronounced IPA: ) is a U.S. corporation specializing in the manufacture of graphics processors (graphics processing units, GPUs) technologies for workstations, desktop computers, and handhelds. ... For other uses of NXP, see NXP (disambiguation). ... Qimonda AG (NYSE: QI), (pronounced key-MON-duh) is the new memory company split out of Infineon Technologies AG on May 1, 2006, to form the third largest DRAM company worldwide, according to the industry research firm Gartner Dataquest. ... Renesas Technology Corporation ) is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer. ... ROHM Co. ... Sharp Corporation ) (TYO: 6753 , LuxSE: SRP) is a Japanese electronics manufacturer, founded in 1912. ... STMicroelectronics is an international leading supplier of semiconductors. ... Texas Instruments (NYSE: TXN), better known in the electronics industry (and popularly) as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, USA, renowned for developing and commercializing semiconductor and computer technology. ... Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Limited (Traditional Chinese: å°ç£ç©é«”é›»è·¯è£½é€ è‚¡ä»½æœ‰é™å…¬å¸, abbrev. ... VIA Technologies logo VIA Technologies is a Taiwanese manufacturer of integrated circuits, mainly motherboard chipsets, CPUs, and memory, and is part of the Formosa Plastics Group. ... Software redirects here. ... Adobe Systems (pronounced a-DOE-bee IPA: ) (NASDAQ: ADBE) (LSE: ABS) is an American computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, USA. Adobe was founded in December 1982[1] by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in order to develop and sell... CA, Inc. ... Electronic Arts (EA) (NASDAQ: ERTS) is an American developer, marketer, publisher, and distributor of computer and video games. ... Intuit Inc. ... McAfee, Inc. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... Nintendo Company, Limited (ä»»å¤©å ‚ or ãƒ‹ãƒ³ãƒ†ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒ¼ NintendÅ; NASDAQ: NTDOY, TYO: 7974 usually referred to as simply Nintendo, or Big N ) is a multinational corporation founded on September 23, 1889[1] in Kyoto, Japan by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce handmade hanafuda cards. ... Novell Inc. ... Oracle Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCL) is one of the major companies developing database management systems (DBMS), tools for database development, middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) software. ... Red Hat, Inc. ... SAP AG (ISIN: DE0007164600, FWB: SAP, NYSE: SAP) is the largest European software enterprise and the third largest in the world, with headquarters in Walldorf, Germany. ... Symantec Corporation NASDAQ: SYMC, founded in 1982, is an international corporation which sells computer software, particularly in the realms of security and information management. ... Copy of the original phone of Alexander Graham Bell at the MusÃ©e des Arts et MÃ©tiers in Paris Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... For other uses, see 3 (disambiguation). ... AmÃ©rica MÃ³vil (NYSE: AMX, BMV: AMX, NASDAQ: AMOV) is the largest mobile network operator in Germano America and Latin America and the largest corporation in Latin America. ... This article is about the current AT&T. For the 1885-2005 company, see American Telephone & Telegraph. ... BT Group plc (formerly British Telecommunications plc) which trades as BT (pronounced Bee tee) (also previously as British Telecom and is still commonly known as such amongst the general public) is the privatised UK state telecommunications operator. ... For other uses, see Cablevision (disambiguation). ... Comcast Corporation (NASDAQ: CMCSA) is the largest[1] cable television (CATV) company and the second largest Internet service provider in the United States. ... [[Images:Bonn DTAG2. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... France TÃ©lÃ©com (Euronext: FTE, NYSE: FTE) (often spelled France Telecom, without the accents, in non-French text) is the main telecommunication company in France. ... KT (formerly, Korea Telecom, Korean: í•œêµí†µì‹ , NYSE: KT) is South Koreas top integrated wired/wireless telecommunication service provider. ... Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (æ—¥æœ¬é›»ä¿¡é›»è©± Nippon Denshin Denwa) is a telephone company that dominates the telecommunication market in Japan. ... TelefÃ³nica O2 Europe plc[1] (known prior to March 2006 as O2 plc and prior to March 2005 as mmO2 plc, and usually stylised as O2, like the chemical symbol) is a European telecommunications company delivering both fixed and mobile communication products. ... Orange SA IPA: is a mobile network operator and an internet service provider that is a subsidiary of France TÃ©lÃ©com. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... RCN Corporation, (NASDAQ: RCNI), founded in 1997 and based in Herndon, Virginia, is the first and largest American facilities-based competitive provider of bundled telephone, cable television and high speed Internet service delivered over its own fiber-optic local network to consumers in the Boston, New York, Eastern Pennsylvania, Washington... Rogers Communications Inc. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sprint Nextel Corporation (NYSE: S) is one of the largest telecommunications companies in the world. ... Swisscom AG is the leading telephone company in Switzerland. ... T-Mobile logo T-Mobile is a multinational mobile phone operator. ... Telecom Italia is formerly a partially state-owned Italian telco. ... TelefÃ³nica, S.A., (IBEX-35:TEF, Euronext: TEF, NYSE: TEF, LSE: TDE, FWB: TEF, TYO: 9481) is a Spanish telecommunications company. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Time Warner Inc. ... Verizon Communications, Inc. ... Virgin Media Inc. ... Vodafone Group Plc is a mobile network operator headquartered in Newbury, Berkshire, England, UK. It is the largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world by turnover and has a market value of about Â£84. ... It has been suggested that Vertical expansion be merged into this article or section. ... Apple Inc. ... The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... NEC Corporation (Jp. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ...

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