Cray Inc. (NASDAQ: CRAY) is a supercomputer manufacturer based in Seattle, Washington. The company's predecessor, Cray Research, Inc. (CRI), was founded in 1972 by computer designer Seymour Cray. Already a legend in his field by this time, Cray put his company on the map in 1976 with the release of the Cray-1 vector computer. Cray went on to form the spin-off Cray Computer Corporation (CCC), in 1989, which went bankrupt in 1995, while Cray Research was bought by SGI the next year. Cray Inc. was formed in 2000 when Tera Computer Company purchased the Cray Research business from SGI and adopted the name of its acquisition. NASDAQ (originally an acronym for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations ) is a U.S. electronic stock market. ... A supercomputer is a computer that leads the world in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction. ... This article is about the city. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1972 calendar). ... Seymour Cray Seymour Roger Cray (September 28, 1925 – October 5, 1996) was a US electrical engineer and supercomputer architect who founded the company Cray Research. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... CRAY-1 at the EPFL in Switzerland. ... A vector processor, or array processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ... 1995 (MCMXCV in Roman) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Silicon Graphics, Inc. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... Tera Computer Company Founded in 1987 in Washington, DC, by James Rottsolk and Burton Smith. ...

Cray logo, shown on a Cray-2 badge.

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

The Cray Research years

Seymour Cray began working in the computing field in 1950 when he joined Engineering Research Associates (ERA) in Saint Paul, Minnesota. There, he helped to create the ERA 1103, regarded as the first successful scientific computer. ERA eventually became part of UNIVAC, and started to be phased out. He left the company in 1960, a few years after some former ERA employees set up Control Data Corporation (CDC). He eventually set up a lab at his home in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, about 85 miles to the east. Cray left CDC in 1972 to form his own company, Cray Research, with research and development facilities in Chippewa Falls but with the business headquarters back in Minneapolis. 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Engineering Research Associates, commonly known as ERA, was a pioneering computer firm from the 1950s. ... Motto: Nickname: Location in Ramsey County, Minnesota Founded 1851 Incorporated 1854 County Ramsey County Borough {{{borough}}} Parrish {{{parrish}}} Mayor Chris Coleman (DFL) Area  - Total  - Water 145. ... The UNIVAC 1103 or ERA 1103, a successor to the UNIVAC 1101, was a computer system designed by Engineering Research Associates and built by the Remington Rand corporation in October, 1953. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Control Data Corporation, or CDC, was one of the pioneering supercomputer firms. ... Chippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1972 calendar). ... Nickname: City of Lakes Motto: En Avant Official website: http://www. ...

Cray-2 supercomputer.

The Cray-1 was a major success when it was released, faster than all computers at the time except for the ILLIAC IV. The first system was sold within a month for US$8.8 million. Seymour Cray continued working, this time on the Cray-2, though in the end it only ended up being marginally faster than the Cray X-MP, developed by another team at the company. Cray supercomputer (from NASA) http://gimp-savvy. ... Cray supercomputer (from NASA) http://gimp-savvy. ... CRAY-1 at the EPFL in Switzerland. ... The ILLIAC IV was one of the most infamous supercomputers ever, destined to be the last in a series of research machines from the University of Illinois. ... This article is about general United States currency. ... The Cray-2 is in the left foreground. ... An NSA CRAY X-MP/24, on exhibit at the National Cryptologic Museum. ...

He soon left the CEO position to become an independent contractor. Cray started a new VLSI technology lab for the Cray-2 in Boulder, Colorado, Cray Laboratories, in 1979. The Labs were closed in 1982, but Cray later headed a similar spin-off in 1989, forming Cray Computer Corporation (CCC) in Colorado Springs. Seymour Cray worked there on the Cray-3 project, the first attempt at major use of gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors in computing. However, the changing political climate (collapse of Warsaw Pact and the end of Cold War) resulted in poor sales (only one Cray-3 was delivered), and the company fell by the wayside, eventually filing for bankruptcy in 1995. CCC's remains then begat Cray's final corporation SRC Computers, Inc. which still exists. A chief executive officer (CEO) or chief executive is the highest-ranking corporate officer or executive officer of a corporation, company, or agency. ... Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) of systems of transistor-based circuits into integrated circuits on a single chip first occurred in the 1980s as part of the semiconductor and communication technologies that were being developed. ... This article is about the large rocks known as boulders. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 8th 269 837 km² 451 km 612 km 0. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Colorado Springs is a middle-sized city, located just east of the geographic center of the state of Colorado in the United States. ... The Cray-3 was intended to be Cray Researchs successor to the Cray-2 supercomputer. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... A semiconductor is a material with an electrical conductivity that is intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor. ... Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement among airlines about financial liability. ... The Cold War was the protracted geostrategic, economic, and ideological struggle that emerged after World War II between the global superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States, supported by their respective and emerging alliance partners. ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, administration - see text) in the UK. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ... 1995 (MCMXCV in Roman) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... SRC Computers, Inc. ...

Cray Research, with Steve Chen, continued with the line originally started with the X-MP, adding the Cray Y-MP and then Cray C90 and Cray T90, developments of that series. All of these machines essentially comprised multiple Cray-1's in a box, two to four in the X-MP, up to thirty-two in the later machines. Because of the uncertainty of the Cray-2 project, a number of Cray-object-code compatible "Crayette" firms started: Scientific Computer Systems (SCS), American Supercomputer, Supertek, and perhaps at least one other firm. Not meant to compete against Cray, these firms attempted less expensive, slower CMOS versions of the X-MP with the release of the COS operating system (SCS) and the CFT Fortran compiler. All these firms also considered National Labs (LANL/LLNL) developed CTSS operating system as well before caving in to the tide of Unixes. Template:Needs wiki-fication PhD Graduate, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Designer, Cray XMP multiprocessor supercomputer Today Dr. Steve Chen works for Galactic Computing (Shenzhen) Limited a subsidiary of Shell Electric Mfg. ... The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor of the companys Cray X-MP. The Y-MP could be equipped with up to sixteen vector processors, and was first released with a clockspeed of 6. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

In the late 1980s the high-performance market began to be overtaken by a series of massively parallel computers, led by pioneers Thinking Machines, Kendall Square Research, nCUBE, MasPar and Meiko Scientific. At first Cray Research denigrated such approaches, complaining that developing software to effectively use the machines was difficult—which was true in the era of the ILLIAC IV, but becoming less so each day. Eventually Cray realized that the approach was likely the only way forward and started a five year project to capture the lead in this area as well. The result was the DEC Alpha-based Cray T3D and Cray T3E series, which ironically left Cray as the only remaining supercomputer vendor in the market by 2000. The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... Massively parallel is a description which appears in computer science, life science, medical diagnositcs, and other fields. ... Thinking Machines Corporation was a supercomputer manufacturer founded in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1982 by W. Daniel Hillis and Sheryl Handler to turn Hilliss doctoral work at MIT on massively parallel computing architectures into a commercial product called the Connection Machine. ... Kendall Square Research (KSR) was a supercomputer company headquartered originally in Kendall Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1986, near MIT. It was co-founded by Henry Burkhardt III who had previously helped found Data General and Encore Computer and was one of the original team that designed the PDP-8... The correct title of this article is nCUBE. The initial letter is capitalized due to technical restrictions. ... MasPar Computer Corporation was a minisupercomputer vendor that was founded in 1987 by Jeff Kalb. ... Meiko Scientific was a supercomputer company founded by members of the design team working on the INMOS Transputer. ... The ILLIAC IV was one of the most infamous supercomputers ever, destined to be the last in a series of research machines from the University of Illinois. ... DEC Alpha AXP 21064 Microprocessor The DEC Alpha, also known as the Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit RISC microprocessor originally developed and fabricated by Digital Equipment Corp. ... Categories: Stub ... The Cray T3E was a massively parallel supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1995. ... This article is about the year 2000. ...

In the late 1980s and early 1990s a number of new vendors introduced small supercomputers, known as minisupercomputers (as opposed to superminis), which started to erode the market that would have otherwise considered a low-end Cray machine. Particularly popular was the Convex Computer series, as well as a number of small-scale parallel machines from companies like Pyramid Technology and Alliant Computer Systems. One such company was SuperTek, whose S-1 machine was an air-cooled CMOS implementation of the X-MP processor. Cray purchased SuperTek in 1989 and sold the S-1 as the Cray XMS, but the machine proved problematic. Meanwhile their not-yet-completed S-2, a Y-MP clone, was later offered as the Cray Y-MP EL (later becoming the EL90 series), which started to sell in reasonable numbers in 1991/2. These systems were sold to smaller companies, notably in oil exploration. This line evolved into the Cray J90 and eventually the Cray SV1 in 1998. The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ... Minisupercomputers, not to be confused with superminicomputers, constituted a class of computers that emerged in the mid-1980s. ... Convex Computer was a company that produced a number of vector minisupercomputers, supercomputers for small-to-medium-sized businesses. ... Pyramid Technology was a computer company that produced a number of RISC-based minicomputers at the upper-end of the performance range. ... Alliant Computer Systems was a computer company that designed and manufactured parallel computing systems. ... Static CMOS Inverter CMOS (pronounced see-moss), which stands for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, is a major class of integrated circuits. ... The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor of the companys Cray X-MP. The Y-MP could be equipped with up to sixteen vector processors, and was first released with a clockspeed of 6. ...

Cray also purchased some of the assets of Floating Point Systems, another minisuper vendor who had moved into the file server market with their SPARC-based Model 500 line. These SMP machines scaled up to 64 processors and ran a modified version of Sun Microsystems' Solaris. Cray set up Cray Research Superservers, Inc. (later the Business Systems Division) to sell this system as the Cray S-MP, later upgrading it with faster SuperSPARCs as the Cray CS6400. Cray was never very successful in this market even though their design was one of the most powerful available, possibly due to it being foreign to their existing market niche. Floating Point Systems Inc. ... In telecommunication, the term file server has the following meanings: A high-capacity disk storage device or a computer that hosts files so that they may be accessed or retrieved by other computers on the same network. ... Sun UltraSPARC II Microprocessor Sun UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara 8 Core) SPARC (Scalable Processor ARChitecture) is a pure big-endian RISC microprocessor architecture originally designed in 1985 by Sun Microsystems. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... The Cray Superserver 6400, or CS6400, was a multiprocessor server computer system produced by Cray Research Superservers, Inc. ...

The SGI years

Cray Research merged with Silicon Graphics (SGI) in February 1996. At the time the industry was highly critical of the move, noting that there was little overlap between the two companies in terms of market or technology. Silicon Graphics, Inc. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

SGI immediately sold off the Superservers business to Sun, who quickly turned the UltraSPARC-based Starfire project then under development into the extremely successful Enterprise 10000 range of servers. These continue to be sold to this day, and only recently have traditional Intel-based systems started to approach the performance of the systems Sun picked up almost for free. This article needs to be wikified. ... Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, HKEx: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is a U.S.-based multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ...

SGI did use a number of Cray technologies in their attempt to move from the graphics workstation market into supercomputing. Key among these was the use of the Cray-developed HIPPI data-bus and details of the interconnects used in the T3 series. HIPPI (HIgh Performance Parallel Interface) is a computer bus for the attachment of high speed storage devices to supercomputers. ... In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data or power between computer components inside a computer or between computers. ...

SGI's long-term strategy was to merge their high-end server line with Cray's product lines in two phases, code-named SN1 and SN2 (SN standing for "Scalable Node"). The SN1 was intended to replace the T3E and SGI Origin 2000 systems and later became the SN-MIPS or SGI Origin 3000 architecture. The SN2 was originally intended to unify all high-end/supercomputer product lines including the T90 into a single architecture. This goal was never achieved before SGI divested itself of the Cray business, and the SN2 name was later associated with the SN-IA or SGI Altix 3000 architecture. Altix is Silicon Graphicss line of servers and supercomputers. ...

Under SGI ownership, one new Cray model line was launched, the SV1, in 1998. This was a clustered SMP vector processor architecture, developed from J90 technology.

SGI set up a separate Cray Research Business Unit in August 1999 in preparation for detachment. On March 2, 2000, the unit was sold to Tera Computer Company. Tera Computer Company was then renamed Cray Inc. when the deal closed on April 4, 2000. 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... This article is about the year 2000. ... Tera Computer Company Founded in 1987 in Washington, DC, by James Rottsolk and Burton Smith. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... This article is about the year 2000. ...

Cray Inc.

After the Tera merger, the Tera MTA system was relaunched as the Cray MTA-2. This was not a commercial success and only shipped to one customer. Cray Inc. also badged the NEC SX-6 supercomputer as the Cray SX-6 and acquired exclusive rights to sell the SX-6 in the USA, Canada and Mexico. The Cray MTA-2 is a Shared-Memory MIMD computer marketed by Cray Inc. ... The SX-6 is a supercomputer built by NEC Corporation, and sold under license by Cray in the US. Each SX-6 single-node system contains up to 8 vector processors, which share up to 64 gigabytes of computer memory. ...

In 2002, Cray Inc. announced their first new model, the Cray X1 combined architecture vector / MPP supercomputer. Previously known as the SV2, the X1 is the end result of the earlier SN2 concept originated during the SGI years. In May 2004, Cray was announced to be one of the partners in the U.S. Department of Energy's fastest-computer-in-the-world project to build a 50 teraflops machine for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. As of November 2004, the Cray X1 has a maximum measured performance of 5.9 teraflops, being the 29th fastest supercomputer in the world. Since then the X1 has been superseded by the X1E, with faster dual-core processors. A vector processor, or array processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously. ... Massively parallel is a description which appears in computer science, life science, medical diagnositcs, and other fields. ... The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy and nuclear safety. ... For commercial failures, see list of commercial failures. ... Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a multiprogram science and technology national laboratory managed for the United States Department of Energy by UT-Battelle, LLC. ORNL is located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, near Knoxville. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On 4 October 2004, the company announced the Cray XD1 range of entry-level supercomputers which use 64-bit AMD Opteron CPUs running Linux. This system was previously known as the OctigaBay 12K before Cray's acquisition of that company. October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cray XD1 supercomputer range, made by Cray Inc. ... In computing, a 64-bit component is one in which data are processed or stored in 64-bit units (words). ... For other possible meanings of AMD see AMD (disambiguation) Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. ... The AMD Opteron is the first eighth-generation x86 processor (K8 core), and the first of AMDs AMD64 (x86-64) processors, released April 22, 2003. ... Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor in a ceramic PGA package A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the component in a digital computer that interprets instructions and processes data contained in software. ... Tux is the official Linux mascot. ...

Also in 2004, Cray built the Red Storm system for Sandia National Laboratories. This has processors clustered in 96-processor cabinets, a theoretical maximum of 300 cabinets in a machine, and a design speed of 41.5 teraflops. The Cray XT3 massively parallel supercomputer is a commercialized version of Red Storm, similar in many respects to the earlier T3E architecture, but, like the XD1, using AMD Opteron processors. It has been suggested that Sandia Base be merged into this article or section. ...

Financial troubles

Cray, Inc. filed an 8-K report (from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) on March 16, 2005 warning of material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, specifically, inadequate review of third-party contracts and lack of software application controls and documentation. Management's disclosure also addressed the possibility of failing SOX 404 compliance testing. "We also expressed our auditors' serious reservations as to whether we will be able to complete our assessment and whether the auditors will be able to render an opinion on our assessment and/or our internal controls (03/16/05 8-K)". Cray's initial filing of its 10-K did not attest to operating effectiveness of internal controls as expected. Notes to the consolidated financial statements included a description of two types of material weaknesses discovered at the time of the report. The amended 10-K report, issued on May 3, 2005, described several material weaknesses in its control environment: The 8K form announces any material events or corporate changes that occur between quarterly reports; it’s a type of interim report until the company issues its 10-K or 10-Q. Such events include stock splits, mergers, spin-offs, bond issuances, and secondary stock offerings. ... Before the signing ceremony of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, President George W. Bush meets with Senator Paul Sarbanes, Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao and other dignitaries in the Blue Room at the White House July 30, 2002. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (76th in Leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Historical financial statement Financial statements (or financial reports) are a record of a business financial flows and levels. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

1. Control Environment. "Our control environment did not sufficiently promote effective internal control over financial reporting throughout our management structure, and this material weakness was a contributing factor in the development of other material weaknesses described below. Principal contributing factors included the lack of permanent employees in key financial reporting positions, resistance to change of long-held practices developed in an entrepreneurial and trust culture, the lack of a formal program for training members of our finance and accounting group and a lack of a full evaluation of our financial system applications due to incomplete documentation and testing of key controls. Our control environment also contributed to our inability to evaluate fully our general computer controls, financial system application controls and tax controls…"
2. Risk Assessment.
3. Segregation of Duties. (The following items relate to the financial system application control weaknesses stated above):
   1. Permitting changes to inventory quantity information within the financial application system without appropriate review;
   2. Providing users access within our financial application system to areas outside of their responsibilities; and
   3. Permitting the creation, modification and updating of customer or vendor data without a secondary level of review or approval.
4. Inadequate Staffing and Training in Finance and Accounting.
5. Inadequate Oversight of Accounting Transactions.
6. Inadequate Controls Over Journal Entry Approvals.
7. Complex Contract Accounting Procedures.
8. Tax Controls.

Cray prefaced its assessment by stating the fact that they were incomplete in their review, "[Management] performed an incomplete review of financial applications and general computer controls and tax controls and did not perform a formalized entity-level risk assessment."

Further contributing to Cray's problems was the loss of both the chief financial officer and financial reporting manager in the fourth quarter of 2004, and the head of information technology in the first quarter of 2005. In the first quarter of 2005 Cray hired a director of internal audit and Sarbanes-Oxley compliance to relieve pressure from the corporate controller. Cray's stock price dropped 56%, from $3.15 per share on March 15, 2005, to $1.38 on May 25, 2005. For other uses of the abbreviation CFO see CFO (disambiguation) The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of a company is the corporate officer primarily responsible for managing the financial risks of a business (see External Link below). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On June 15, 2005, a class action suit was filed against Cray on behalf of shareholders who purchased securities between July 31 and May 12. The suit accuses that the company had misrepresented financial data. June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In law, a class action is an equitable procedural device used in litigation for determining the rights of and remedies, if any, for large numbers of people whose cases involve common questions of law and fact. ...

In November 2005 Burton Smith, one of Tera's cofounders and Cray's chief scientist, resigned from the corporation to take up a position at Microsoft (Reuters). Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKEx: 4338) is the worlds largest software corporation, with 2005 global annual sales of close to $40 billion USD and about 64,000 employees in 85 countries and regions. ...

Trivia

• As the Cray computers were extremely expensive machines, they were sold in relatively low volumes (compared to ordinary mainframes). Thus, most sites with a Cray installation considered it quite prestigious to be a member of the "exclusive club" of Cray operators. This extended to countries as well. To boost the perception of exclusivity, Cray Research's marketing department had promotional neckties made with a mosaic of tiny national flags illustrating the "club of Cray-operating countries".
• On a similar note as the above-mentioned "club tie", in at least one instance (a Cray X-MP sold to SINTEF/NTH in Norway) Cray delivered the supercomputer system equipped with the purchasing institution's national flag (in this case: ) mounted on a little flagpole on top of the main unit.
• Cray employees have sometimes been known as "Crayons."
• In the 1970s and 1980s, IBM Corp. and Cray Research competed to be the maker of the fastest computer on earth. Cray won every time: a computer that would eventually break the world record set by a previous Cray was a new Cray.
• When in 1986 Apple bought a Cray X-MP and announced that they would use it to design the next Apple Macintosh, Seymour Cray replied, "This is very interesting because I am using an Apple Macintosh to design the Cray-2 supercomputer."
• When Apple Computer took ownership of the machine they had a party for Apple employees where crayfish were served.
• The Cray T3D MC cabinet had an Apple Macintosh PowerBook laptop built into its front. Its only purpose was to display animated Cray Research and T3D logos on its color LCD screen.

A 1990 Honeywell-Bull DPS 7 mainframe Mainframes (often colloquially referred to as big iron) are large and expensive computers used mainly by government institutions and large companies for mission critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as censuses, industry/consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing. ... A necktie (usually just called a tie) is a long piece of material worn around the neck and under a collar with a knot tied in front. ... A national flag is a flag that symbolises a country and that can usually be flown by citizens of that country. ... An NSA CRAY X-MP/24, on exhibit at the National Cryptologic Museum. ... The SINTEF Group is the largest independent research organisation in Scandinavia. ... The Norwegian Institute of Technology, known by its Norwegian acronym NTH (Norges Tekniske Høgskole), was established in Trondheim in 1910, and existed as an independent technical university for 85 years, after which it was merged into NTNU (1996). ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Crayola brand crayons A crayon is a stick of colored wax, charcoal, chalk, or other material used for writing and drawing. ... An NSA CRAY X-MP/24, on exhibit at the National Cryptologic Museum. ... Families Astacoidea   Astacidae   Cambaridae Parastacoidea   Parastacidae Crayfish, sometimes called crawfish, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are closely related. ... Categories: Stub ... The PowerBook is a laptop computer line manufactured by Apple Computer; a portable version of the Macintosh aimed at the professional market. ...

Computers

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article entitled Cray supercomputers. (Discuss)

A Cray SX-6 supercomputer (US-licensed NEC SX-6).

Cray Research (1972–2000; part of SGI 1996–2000) Image File history File links Splitsection. ... A Cray SX6 supercomputer from cray. ... The SX-6 is a supercomputer built by NEC Corporation, and sold under license by Cray in the US. Each SX-6 single-node system contains up to 8 vector processors, which share up to 64 gigabytes of computer memory. ... Silicon Graphics, Inc. ...

• Vector processor systems:
  • Cray-1
  • Cray X-MP
  • Cray-2
  • Cray Y-MP
  • Cray C90
  • Cray T90
• Entry-Level systems:
  • Cray XMS
  • Cray Y-MP EL
  • Cray EL90
  • Cray J90
    • MARQUISE
  • Cray SV1
• MPP systems:
  • Cray T3D
  • Cray T3E
• Cray Research Superservers/Business Systems Division:
  • Cray S-MP
  • Cray APP
  • Cray CS6400

Cray Computer Corp. (1989–1995) CRAY-1 at the EPFL in Switzerland. ... An NSA CRAY X-MP/24, on exhibit at the National Cryptologic Museum. ... The Cray-2 is in the left foreground. ... The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor of the companys Cray X-MP. The Y-MP could be equipped with up to sixteen vector processors, and was first released with a clockspeed of 6. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor to the companys X-MP. The Y-MP retained software compatibility with the X-MP, but extended the address registers from 24 to 32 bits. ... Categories: Stub ... The Cray T3E was a massively parallel supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1995. ... The Cray Superserver 6400, or CS6400, was a multiprocessor server computer system produced by Cray Research Superservers, Inc. ...

• Cray-3
• Cray-4

Cray Inc. (2000–present; result of merger between Tera Computers and Cray Research) The Cray-3 was intended to be Cray Researchs successor to the Cray-2 supercomputer. ... The Cray-4 was intended to be Cray Computers successor to the failed Cray-3 and earlier Cray-2 supercomputers. ...

• Cray SX-6
• Cray MTA-2
• Cray Red Storm
• Cray X1
• Cray X1E
• Cray XT3
• Cray XD1

The SX-6 is a supercomputer built by NEC Corporation, and sold under license by Cray in the US. Each SX-6 single-node system contains up to 8 vector processors, which share up to 64 gigabytes of computer memory. ... The Cray MTA-2 is a Shared-Memory MIMD computer marketed by Cray Inc. ... The Cray XD1 supercomputer range, made by Cray Inc. ...

References

• Charles J. Murray (1997). The Supermen: The Story of Seymour Cray and the Technical Wizards behind the Supercomputer. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-04885-2.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Cray

• Cray, Inc. Corporate Website,  XD1 Overview
• Cray Research and Cray Inc. history
• Yahoo! - Cray Inc. Company Profile
• Top 500 Supercomputers
• Fred Gannet's Cray Supercomputer FAQ
• Cray User Group
• DigiBarn Computer Museum: Cray Supercomputers and Memorabilia