Part of the series on Creationism

History of creationism Creation in Genesis Genesis as an allegory The Creation of Light by Gustave Doré. Creation refers to the concept that all humanity, life, the Earth, or the universe as a whole was created by a deity (often referred to as God). ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The history of creationism is tied to the history of religions. ... Creation according to Genesis refers to the description of the creation of the heavens and the earth by God, as described in Genesis, the first book of the Bible. ... Allegorical interpretations of Genesis is devoted to historical and contemporary non-literal regarding the book of Genesis. ...

Christian views: Day-age creationism Framework theory Gap Creationism Intelligent design Modern geocentrism Neo-Creationism Omphalos creationism Old Earth creationism Progressive creationism Theistic evolution Young Earth creationism Day-Age Creationism, a type of Old Earth Creationism, is an effort to reconcile the literal Genesis account of Creation with modern scientific theories on the age of the Universe, the Earth, life, and humans. ... The framework interpretation (also known as the literary framework view, framework theory, or framework hypothesis) is an interpretation of the first chapter of the Book of Genesis which holds that the seven-day creation account found therein is not a literal or scientific description of the origins of the universe... Gap Creationism, also called Restitution creationism or Ruin-Reconstruction, are terms used to describe a particular set of Christian beliefs about the creation of the Universe and the origin of man. ... Intelligent design (ID) is the concept that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. ... Modern geocentrism is a belief currently held by certain groups that the Earth is the center of the universe and does not move. ... Neo-creationism is a movement whose goal is to restate creationism in terms more likely to be well received by the public, policy makers, educators, and the scientific community. ... The omphalos hypothesis was named after the title of an 1857 book by Philip Henry Gosse in which he argued that in order for the world to be functional, God must have created the Earth with mountains, canyons, trees with growth rings, Adam and Eve with hair, fingernails, and navels... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Progressive creationism is a form of Old Earth creationism that accepts that new species have appeared successively over earths long history but that, to a greater or lesser degree, each species represents a fiat miracle (thus the creationism part), and that the first pair or representatives of species were... Theistic evolution, less commonly known as evolutionary creationism, is not a theory in the scientific sense, but a particular view about how the science of evolution relates to some religious interpretations. ... Adam and Eve, the first human beings according to Genesis Young Earth creationism is a religious doctrine which teaches that the Earth and life on Earth were created by a direct action of God relatively recently (about 6,000 to 10,000 years ago). ...

Non-Christian views: Hindu creationism Islamic creationism Jewish creationism This article examines the concept of creationism as found in Hinduism and movements associated with the concept. ... Islamic creationism – While contemporary Islam tends to take religious texts very literally, it sees Genesis as a corrupted version of Gods message. ... Jewish views on evolution includes a continuum of views about evolution, creationism, and the origin of life. ...

Controversy: Creation vs. evolution Politics of creationism ... in public education Creation science Teach the Controversy Associated articles The creation-evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. ... The politics of creationism currently primarily concerns what should be taught as science in schools, and what is good science. ... The legal status of creation and evolution in public education is the subject of a great deal of debate in legal, political, and religious circles, mainly in the United States. ... Creation science refers to the attempts by creationists (especially those who believe in a young Earth) to use the methods and empirical practices of science to support their side of the creation-evolution controversy. ... Teach the Controversy is a slogan the Discovery Institute uses to promote intelligent design[1] and advance an education policy for US public schools which introduces creationist explanations for the origin of life to public-school science curricula. ... The following is a clearinghouse of articles which refer to terms often used in the context of the creation-evolution controversy: // Origins Main article: Origin beliefs The creation-evolution controversy often is cast as a controversy surrounding the origin beliefs. ...

Creation biology,examines biology from a creationist perspective which assumes that God created all life on the planet as described in the Genesis account of Creation, in a finite number of discrete created kinds or baramins. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Creation of Light by Gustave Doré. Creation refers to the concept that all humanity, life, the Earth, or the universe as a whole was created by a deity (often referred to as God). ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Creation according to Genesis refers to the description of the creation of the heavens and the earth by God, as described in Genesis, the first book of the Bible. ... In creation biology, created kinds are believed to be the original forms of life as they were created by God. ... In creation biology, Baraminology is the effort to classify created kinds. ...

Many creationists see the evolutionary paradigm of mainstream evolutionary biology as scientifically untenable and inconsistent with their worldview. Evolutionary biology is a subfield of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species, as well as their change, multiplication, and diversity over time. ...

Creationists who use creation biology as a support for their claims assert that, while these forms of life were given by God the ability to vary, and even undergo speciation, the kinds can only appear by the action of the divine, cannot interbreed, and cannot increase in genetic complexity. Genetic variation is the variation in the genetic material of a population, and includes the nuclear, mitochodrial, ribosomal genomes as well as the genomes of other organelles. ... Charles Darwins first sketch of an evolutionary tree from his First Notebook on Transmutation of Species (1837) Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. ... For the Computer Science term, see Computational complexity theory. ...

Creation biology therefore differs from mainstream biology mainly in its rejection of the modern synthesis and universal common descent. Since creation biology is concerned almost exclusively with the origins of living things, its advocates actually accept most of mainstream biology regarding physiology, cell structure, the genomic basis of life, microevolution, and speciation. The modern evolutionary synthesis (often referred to simply as the modern synthesis), neo-Darwinian synthesis or neo-Darwinism, brings together Charles Darwins theory of the evolution of species by natural selection with Gregor Mendels theory of genetics as the basis for biological inheritance. ... A group of organisms is said to have common descent if they have a common ancestor. ... Leonardo da Vincis Vitruvian Man, an important early achievement in the study of physiology. ... Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell. Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ... For other uses, see Life (disambiguation), Lives (disambiguation) or Living (disambiguation), Living Things (disambiguation). ... Microevolution is the occurrence of small-scale changes in allele frequencies in a population, over a few generations, also known as change at or below the species level. ... Charles Darwins first sketch of an evolutionary tree from his First Notebook on Transmutation of Species (1837) Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. ...

According to its proponents, it is a synthesis of science and religion, as it attempts to draw from both sources in developing its ideas. But it is not generally recognized as a scientific research program as it is not considered a part of mainstream science, having been described with the rest of creation science as pseudoscience or disguised religion by skeptics and outspoken members of the scientific community (see Creation-evolution controversy). Synthesis (from the ancient Greek σύν (with) and θεσις (placing), is commonly understood to be an integration of two or more pre-existing elements which results in a new creation. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... Creation science refers to the attempts by creationists (especially those who believe in a young Earth) to use the methods and empirical practices of science to support their side of the creation-evolution controversy. ... Phrenology is regarded today as a classic example of pseudoscience. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The scientific community consists of the interactions and relationships of scientists. ... The creation-evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. ...

Elements of Creation Biology

Creationist organizations advocating a number of ideas ranging from Young Earth creationism to Intelligent design have proposed a number of ideas, which differ significantly from naturalistic biology. None of these ideas are widely accepted within the scientific community. Adam and Eve, the first human beings according to Genesis Young Earth creationism is a religious doctrine which teaches that the Earth and life on Earth were created by a direct action of God relatively recently (about 6,000 to 10,000 years ago). ... Intelligent design (ID) is the concept that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. ... The scientific community consists of the interactions and relationships of scientists. ...

• Biogenesis is the rejection of abiogenesis and other naturalistic speculations regarding the origin of life. It is argued that no comprehensive explanation has emerged for life arising spontaneously from non-life. Since life has never been observed arising spontaneously from non-life, they argue that it is more reasonable to assert life was designed by an intelligent being. This challenges the view that life arose spontaneously from non-life.
• Teleology, that is, the idea that the universe in general and life in particular has been designed for a purpose. This runs contrary to the view that there is no purpose in the universe.
• Created kinds or Baraminology, that is, the idea that life was originally created in a finite number of discrete "kinds" or "baramins" in a creationist orchard, and that while these kinds had the ability to vary significantly within their kind, one kind cannot interbreed with or transform into another kind, and new kinds cannot arise spontaneously. This runs contrary to evolutionary biology's account of universal common ancestry and its phylogenetic tree, that is, that all life on the planet is related via macroevolution.
• Irreducible complexity, that is, the claim made by Michael Behe, a biochemist and professor of biological sciences at Lehigh University, that there exist systems in life that could not have formed through gradual change. Several biological structures are composed of interdependent components where the absence of one would cause the entire system to fail. Advocates of irreducible complexity claim that it is therefore more reasonable to believe they were designed and assembled together for a purpose. This runs contrary to the views of evolutionary biologists who assert that life evolved and diversified step by step over millions of years.
• Specified complexity, that is, the claim made by William Dembski, a mathematician and senior fellow of the Center for Science and Culture, that genetic information is "complex specified information" (CSI), that natural processes can reduce and change CSI, but can never increase it, and that it is therefore more reasonable to infer that such information was created through the intervention of an intelligent designer rather than being the sole product of evolutionary processes.

Biogenesis is the process of lifeforms producing other lifeforms, e. ... This article focuses on the history of the theory of abiogenesis (the spontaneous generation of life from non-living sources). ... Pre-Cambrian stromatolites in the Siyeh Formation, Glacier National Park. ... Teleology (telos: end, purpose) is the philosophical study of design, purpose, directive principle, or finality in nature or human creations. ... In creation biology, created kinds are believed to be the original forms of life as they were created by God. ... In creation biology, Baraminology is the effort to classify created kinds. ... A group of organisms is said to have common descent if they have a common ancestor. ... A phylogenetic tree, also called an evolutionary tree or a tree of life, is a tree showing the evolutionary interrelationships among various species or other entities that are believed to have a common ancestor. ... Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems are too complex to have evolved from simpler, or less complete predecessors, and are at the same time too complex to have arisen naturally through chance mutations. ... Michael Behe Michael J. Behe (born January 18, 1952) is an American biochemist and intelligent design advocate. ... Biochemistry is the chemistry of life. ... Lehigh University is a highly selective private, co-educational university located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of the United States. ... Specified complexity is a concept developed by intelligent design proponent William Dembski. ... William Dembski Dr William Albert Bill Dembski (born July 18, 1960) is an American mathematician, philosopher and theologian known for advocating the controversial idea of intelligent design. ... Leonhard Euler is considered by many to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is the person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ... The Center for Science and Culture (CSC), formerly known as the Center for Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), is part of the Discovery Institute, a conservative Christian think tank in the United States. ...

Criticism

The elements of creation biology often face fierce resistance from established biologists and their supporters, who generally regard them as pseudoscience, or religion disguised as science. For example, Phrenology is regarded today as a classic example of pseudoscience. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ...

• The law of biogenesis is rejected as being a false absolute. Since life itself is poorly defined, there is no acceptable scientific consensus on how it must "always" come about. In a real sense, there is always integration of "non-living" substances into living beings; this occurrence does not require "agency" of life, since much of the integration occurs by the laws of chemistry which are completely independent from the definition of life.
• Creation biology presents a teleological view of biology no empirical result could disprove: a violation of the falsifiability requirement of the scientific method.
• The introduction of supernatural elements in describing the origin and development of life is regarded to be incompatible with the scientific method, the explicit purpose of which is to investigate the empirical realm of nature.
• The definitions of "kind" or "baramin" as advanced by creationists are regarded as either too vague or needlessly divergent from the well-explained evolutionary models of phylogenetics. The reluctance of creationists to come up with a suitable system of "kinds" also raises doubts about the falsifiability of the concept.
• The description of macroevolution as an iterated process of microevolutionary steps is too causally rejected, often by ignoring the plethora of citations regarding microevolutionary pathways to arrive at particular macroevolutionary transitions.
• The concept of "irreducible complexity" is rejected as an argument from ignorance or a non sequitur of the form "There is no obvious predecessor state; thus, there are no predecessor states." Evolutionary biologists insist they consider the possibility of non-obvious predecessor and intermediate states in evolution; for example, if neither the genetic features "A" nor "B" can exist alone, and "AB" is found in an organism, there are many other imaginable intermediate states, namely "C" to "AC" to "ABC" to "AB", where "C" is a feature that behaves somewhat like "B" but has the ability to stand on its own, as well as some evolutionary merit.
• "Specified complexity" is rejected as an argument from ignorance. Critics say that specified complexity takes something that naturalistic evolutionists do not have a complete step-by-step explanation for (such as how the human eye came about) and attempts to calculate a probability of that structure evolving naturally. Martin Nowak, a Harvard professor of mathematics and evolutionary biology explains "We cannot calculate the probability that an eye came about. We don't have the information to make the calculation"[1]

Biogenesis is the process of lifeforms producing other lifeforms, e. ... For other uses, see Life (disambiguation), Lives (disambiguation) or Living (disambiguation), Living Things (disambiguation). ... Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of scientists in a particular field of science at a particular time. ... Look up Agency in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In philosophy, law, and other fields, agency is the status of an agent. ... Empirical is an adjective often used in conjunction with science, both the natural and social sciences, which means an observation or experiment based upon experience that is capable of being verified or disproved. ... In science and the philosophy of science, falsifiability, contingency, and defeasibility are roughly equivalent terms referring to the property of empirical statements that they must admit of logical counterexamples. ... Scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. ... Look up Supernatural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Galunggung in 1982, showing a combination of natural events. ... In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e. ... Macroevolution refers to evolution that occurs at or above the level of species, in contrast with microevolution, which refers to smaller evolutionary changes (typically described as changes in allele frequencies) within a species or population. ... Microevolution is the occurrence of small-scale changes in allele frequencies in a population, over a few generations, also known as change at or below the species level. ... The argument from ignorance, also known as argumentum ad ignorantiam (appeal to ignorance [1]) or argument by lack of imagination, is a logical fallacy in which it is claimed that a premise is true only because it has not been proven false, or that a premise is false only because... Non sequitur is Latin for it does not follow. ... The argument from ignorance, also known as argumentum ad ignorantiam (appeal to ignorance [1]) or argument by lack of imagination, is a logical fallacy in which it is claimed that a premise is true only because it has not been proven false, or that a premise is false only because...

See also

• Baraminology
• Frank Lewis Marsh
• Neo-Creationism
• Pre-Adamite

In creation biology, Baraminology is the effort to classify created kinds. ... Frank Lewis Marsh (b. ... Neo-creationism is a movement whose goal is to restate creationism in terms more likely to be well received by the public, policy makers, educators, and the scientific community. ... The idea that humans existed before Adam, which is known as the Pre-Adamite hypothesis or Preadamism, has a long history, probably having its origins in early pagan responses to Jewish and Christian claims regarding the origins of the human race. ...

External links

• Creation on the Web/Creation Ministries International
• Creationscience.com An on-line book, "In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood"
• Answers in Genesis
• Dogs breeding dogs? "Upholding the Authority of the Bible from the very first verse."
• Talk.Origins Archive: Exploring the Creation/Evolution/Intelligent Design Controversy
• True.Origin Archive - A creationist response to Talk.Origins

Sources

Sarfati, Jonathan. Refuting Compromise, Master Books, 2004. Dr. Jonathan Sarfati Jonathan D. Sarfati, (born October 1, 1964) is an Australian writer and researcher who works for Creation Ministries International (CMI), formerly part of Answers in Genesis (AiG), a non-profit Christian apologetics ministry specializing in Young-Earth creationism. ...