| | This article does not cite any references or sources. (December 2006)
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. | Look up credential in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A credential is an attestation of qualification, competence, or authority issued to an individual by a third party with a relevant de jure or de facto authority or assumed competence to do so. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
Credential Recordings is a record label and a division of EMI Christian Music Group. ...
Examples of credentials include academic diplomas, academic degrees, certifications, security clearances, identification documents, badges, passwords, user names, keys, powers of attorney, and so on. Diploma from Mexico City College, 1948 (in Latin) A diploma (from Greek δίπλωµα diploma) is a certificate or deed issued by an educational institution, such as a university, that testifies that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study, or confers an academic degree. ...
A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study. ...
A professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation (often called simply certification or qualification) is a designation earned by a person to assure that he/she is qualified to perform a job or task. ...
For use by the United Nations, see Security Clearance (UN) A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to classified information, i. ...
German identity card with a KINEGRAM® A piece of identification (ID) is a document designed to verify aspects of a persons identity. ...
For other uses, see Badge (disambiguation) NY NJ Port Authority Police Department Badge. ...
A password is a form of secret authentication data that is used to control access to a resource. ...
Note: to create a user account for Wikipedia, go to the login page. ...
A single key A key is a device which is used to open a lock by turning. ...
A power of attorney or letter of attorney in common law systems or mandate in civil law systems is an authorization to act on someone elses behalf in a legal or business matter. ...
Types and documentation of credentials
A person holding a credential is usually given documentation or secret knowledge (e.g., a password or key) as proof of the credential. Sometimes this proof (or a copy of it) is held by a third, trusted party. While in some cases a credential may be as simple as a paper membership card, in other cases, such as diplomacy, it may involve presentation of letters directly from the issuer of the credential detailing its faith in the person representing them in a negotiation or meeting. This article is about negotiations. ...
Counterfeiting of credentials is a constant and serious problem, irrespective of the type of credential. A great deal of effort goes into finding methods to reduce or prevent counterfeiting. In general, the greater the perceived value of the credential, the greater the problem with counterfeiting and the greater the lengths to which the issuer of the credential must go to prevent fraud. A counterfeit is an imitation that is made with the intent to deceptively represent its content or origins. ...
A few examples of credentials and their associated documentation are given below; this list is far from exhaustive.
Diplomacy In foreign diplomacy, credentials are documents that ambassadors, diplomatic ministers, plenipotentiary, and chargés d'affaires provide to the government to which they are accredited, for the purpose, chiefly, of communicating to the latter the envoy's diplomatic rank. It also contains a request that full credence be accorded to his official statements. Until his credentials have been presented and found in proper order, an envoy receives no official recognition. The credentials of an ambassador or minister plenipotentiary are signed by the chief of state, those of a chargé d'affaires by the foreign minister. Diplomatic credentials are granted and withdrawn at the pleasure of the issuing authority, based on widely varying criteria. This article is about negotiations. ...
For other uses, see Ambassador (disambiguation). ...
A Minister is a true diplomat (not merely consular) accredited by one sovereign state to another who ranks below an ambassador. ...
The term plenipotentiary (from the Latin, plenus + potens, full + power) refers to, as a noun, a person who has, or as an adjective that confers, full powers. ...
In diplomacy, chargé daffaires (French for in charge of business), is the title of two classes of diplomatic agents: Chargés daffaires (ministres chargés daffaires), who were placed by the reglement of the Congress of Vienna in the fourth class of diplomatic agents, are heads of...
Diplomatic accreditation is the process in which an ambassador is certified as one countrys official representative to another. ...
This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ...
The system of diplomatic rank has over time been formalised on an international basis. ...
A head of state or chief of state is the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the countrys...
A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the foreign policy of a sovereign nation. ...
Medicine In medicine, the process of credentialing is a detailed review of all permissions granted a medical doctor at every institution at which he or she has worked in the past, to determine a risk profile for trusting them at a new institution. Most medical practitioners also must have credentials in the form of licenses issued by the government of the jurisdictions in which they practice, which they obtain after suitable education, training, and/or practical experience. Most medical credentials are granted for life, but may be withdrawn in the event of fraud or malpractice by their holders. Credentialing is the administrative process for validating the qualifications of licensed professionals and assessing their background. ...
Lets talk about risk control strategies, anyone with more information and willing to share, please do so. ...
Information technology Credentials in information systems are widely used to control access to information or other resources. The classic combination of a user account number or name and a secret password is a widely-used example of IT credentials. An increasing number of information systems use other forms of documentation of credentials, such as fingerprints, voice recognition, retinal scans, x.509 Public Key Certificate, and so on. Credentials are issued and withdrawn by a central authority for the systems in question based on criteria established or imposed upon that authority. A macro shot of a palm and the base of several fingers; as seen here, debris can gather between the ridges. ...
Speech recognition technologies allow computers equipped with a source of sound input, such as a microphone, to interpret human speech, e. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Iris recognition. ...
Operator licensing Operators of vehicles such as automobiles, boats, and aircraft must have credentials in the form of government-issued licenses in many jurisdictions. Often the documentation of the license consists of a simple card or certificate that the operator keeps on his person while operating the vehicle, backed up by an archival record of the license at some central location. Licenses are granted to operators after a period of successful training and/or examination. “Car†and “Cars†redirect here. ...
For other uses, see Boat (disambiguation). ...
Flying machine redirects here. ...
This type of credential often requires certification of good health and may also require psychological evaluations and screening for substance abuse. Also see Alcoholism and Drug addiction. ...
Operator licenses often expire periodically and must be renewed at intervals. Renewal may simply be a formality, or it may require a new round of examinations and training.
Cryptography Credentials in cryptography establish the identity of a party to communication. Usually they take the form of machine-readable cryptographic keys and/or passwords. Cryptographic credentials may be self-issued, or issued by a trusted third party; in many cases the only criterion for issuance is unambiguous association of the credential with a specific, real individual or other entity. Cryptographic credentials are often designed to expire after a certain period, although this is not mandatory. An x.509 certificate is an example of a cryptographic credential.
Identification Credentials that simply establish a person's identity are very widely used. Documentation usually consists of an identity card (sometimes a credential that is also used for other purposes, such as an automobile driver's license), a badge (often machine-readable), etc., issued by a trusted third party after some form of identity verification. Many identification documents use photographs to help ensure their association with their legitimate holders. Some also incorporate biometric information, passwords, PINs, and so on to further reduce the opportunities for fraud. Identification credentials are among the most widely counterfeited credentials.
Most identification documents are issued for a lifetime, but some must be periodically renewed, particularly if they have other functions besides identification. For example, passports often expire after a certain number of years, and while they may still be valid identification after their expiration, they cannot be used for their other purpose as travel documents. For Microsoft Corporation’s “universal login†service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ...
Security clearances In military and government organizations, and some private organizations, a system of compartmenting information exists to prevent the uncontrolled dissemination of information considered to be sensitive or confidential. Persons with a legitimate need to have access to such information are issued security clearances, which can be tracked and verified to ensure that no unauthorized persons gain access to protected information. For use by the United Nations, see Security Clearance (UN) A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to classified information, i. ...
Security clearances are among the most carefully guarded credentials. Often they are granted to individuals only after a lengthy investigation and only after their need to have access to protected information has been adequately justified to the issuing authority. The most elaborate security-clearance systems are found in the world's military organizations. Some credentials of this type are considered so sensitive that their holders are not even permitted to acknowledge that they have them (except to authorized parties).
Breaches of security involving security clearances are often punished by specific statutory law, particularly if they occur in the context of deliberate espionage, whereas most other counterfeiting and misuse of credentials is punished by law only when used with deliberate intent to defraud in specific contexts. Spy and Secret agent redirect here. ...
Documentation of security clearances usually consists of records keep at a secure facility and verifiable on demand from authorized parties.
Security clearances are regularly withdrawn when they are not longer justified, or when the person holding them is determined to be too great a security risk.
Journalism Some countries impose restrictions on who may work for the press or in a journalistic capacity, and require that anyone allowed to do so carry a government-issued credential. This allows these countries to exert a substantial amount of control over freedom of the press, by selectively granting, withholding, and withdrawing press credentials. Popular press redirects here; note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint The Popular Press. Mass media is a term used to denote a section of the media specifically envisioned and designed to reach a very large audience such as the population of a nation state. ...
Some government and non-government entities may also require or issue specific credentials of or to persons wishing to interact with them in a journalistic capacity. This may be done to control the dissemination of information about the entity, to ensure favorable reporting, to limit the number of persons acting as press, and so on. These credentials are often independent of any government credentials, although some entities will accept government credentials as a justification for their own, or in lieu of their own.
In the United States, for example, no national press credential exists because it has been held to violate the freedom of press provisions of the country's constitution, but individual government entities (such as the White House and the military) and many non-government entities issue and require press credentials for their own spheres of influence. For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...
Trade credentials Some trades and professions in some jurisdictions require special credentials of anyone practicing the trade or profession. These credentials may or may not be associated with specific competencies or skills. In some cases, they exist mainly to control the number of people who are allowed to exercise a trade or profession, in order to control salaries and wages.
Persons acting as merchants, freelancers, etc., may require special credentials in some jurisdictions as well. Here again, the purpose is mainly to control the number of people working in this way, and sometimes also to track them for tax-reporting or other purposes.
Academic credentials The academic world makes very extensive use of credentials, such as diplomas, certificates, and degrees, in order to attest to the completion of specific training or education programs by students, and to attest to their successful completion of tests and exams.
Documentation of academic credentials usually consists of a printed, formal document designed to last a lifetime without deterioration. The issuing institution often maintains a record of the credential as well. Academic credentials are normally valid for the lifetime of the person to whom they are issued.
Titles Titles are credentials that identify a person as belonging to a specific group, such as the nobility or the aristocracy, or a specific command grade in the military, or in other largely symbolic ways. They may or may not be associated with specific authority, and they do not usually attest to any specific competence or skill (although they may be associated with other credentials that do). A partial list of such titles includes - personal titles, such as Lord, Knight, Right Honourable, indicating an earned or inherited rank or position within a formal power structure;
- command ranks, such as Captain, Sergeant, etc., indicating likewise a very specific position in a command hierarchy, e.g. police rank or military rank;
- an academic degree or professional designation such as PhD, P.Eng or M.D., whether this be purely honorary or symbolic, or associated with credentials attesting to specific competence, learning, or skills;
- labor union and club memberships;
- persons allowed access to specific areas during special events, such as concerts and shows;
- citizenship, as in the case of passports and birth certificates.
A hierarchy (in Greek hieros = sacred, arkho = rule) is a system of ranking and organizing things. ...
A command hierarchy is a group of people committed to carrying out orders from the top, that is, of authority. ...
A command hierarchy is a group of people committed to carrying out orders from the top, that is, of authority. ...
Lists of the ranks of various police forces: // Queensland OPP (Ontario Provincial Police) Sûreté du Québec Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Royal Canadian Mounted Police Dansk Politi Distinktioner Commissioner Deputy Commissioner Senior Assistant Commissioner Assistant Commissioner Chief Superintendent of Police Senior Superintendent of Police Superintendent of Police Chief Inspector of...
This article is about the use of the term rank. ...
A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study. ...
PhD usually refers to the academic title Doctor of Philosophy PhD can also refer to the manga Phantasy Degree This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ...
Professional Engineer is the term for registered or licensed engineers in some countries including the United States and Canada. ...
The Medicinæ Doctor or Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or D.M.) is a doctorate level degree held by medical doctors. ...
A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
“Citizen†redirects here. ...
For Microsoft Corporation’s “universal login†service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ...
Mary Elizabeth Winblad (1895-1987) birth certificate A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. ...
Internet ID Since the launch of the people search engines, the problems with spamming and identity theft, credentials are back.
Many companies do search the web for indications about their future employees. HRM has discovered the internet and has taken an interest at sites, blogs and profiles of potential candidates.
In the USA there are companies offering to correct "past mistakes" made by people in form of negative comments of or about them.
In Russia there are companies offering a global service to protect people from scammer, especially by listing fake email correspondents.
See also A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study. ...
For use by the United Nations, see Security Clearance (UN) A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to classified information, i. ...
Diploma from Mexico City College, 1948 (in Latin) A diploma (from Greek δίπλωµα diploma) is a certificate or deed issued by an educational institution, such as a university, that testifies that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study, or confers an academic degree. ...
An access badge is the identification used to gain entry to the office or other places that have access controlled entry points. ...
Common Access Card issued to Contractor personnel The Common Access Card (CAC) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) smartcard issued as standard identification for active duty military personnel, reserve personnel, civilian employees, and eligible contractor personnel. ...
German identity document sample An identity document is a piece of documentation designed to prove the identity of the person carrying it. ...
A number of different keys A single key A key is a device which is used to open a lock. ...
A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. ...
Physical security describes measures that prevent or deter attackers from accessing a facility, resource, or information stored on physical media. ...
Proximity card is a generic name for contactless integrated circuit devices used for security access or payment systems. ...
Smart card used for health insurance in France. ...
A swipe card is a (typically) credit card size badge incorporating a magnetic stripe, an RFID tag, a transponder device and/or a microchip mostly used for business premises access control or electronic payment. ...
External links - http://credentials.ning.com
|
Feeds |
Contact