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Closing credits, in a television program or motion picture, come at the end of a show and list all the cast and crew involved in the production. They are usually shown on the screen in small characters, which either flip very quickly from page to page, or crawl from bottom to top of the screen. Image File history File links Tv_sesame_stret_credits_season_35. ...
Image File history File links Tv_sesame_stret_credits_season_35. ...
Sesame Street is an American educational childrens television series for preschoolers and is a pioneer of the contemporary educational television standard, combining both education and entertainment. ...
For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as...
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History
The use of closing credits in film to list complete production crew and cast was not firmly established in American film until the 1970s. Before this decade, closing credits usually consisted only of a list of the major cast members, and in many cases, particularly in silent film, movies were released with no closing credits at all. For instance the David Lean version of Oliver Twist (1948 film) lists all who had a speaking part in the film -but not the extras- plus all of the major credits at the beginning. The final credits list only the cast of characters. The Roman Polanski Oliver Twist (2005 film), on the other hand, lists everyone, cast as well as crew, who worked on the picture, and boasts quite a long list of closing credits. A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ...
Sir David Lean, KBE (March 25, 1908 – April 16, 1991) was an English film director and producer, best remembered for big-screen epics such as Lawrence of Arabia, The Bridge on the River Kwai, and Doctor Zhivago . ...
Oliver Twist (1948) is the second of David Leans two Dickens adaptations. ...
Roman Polański at Cannes with Adrien Brody, 2002 Roman Polański (born August 18, 1933) is a Franco-Polish film director and actor. ...
Oliver Twist is a 2005 film directed by Roman Polański. ...
As in motion pictures, most television programs until relatively recently did not list the entire cast and crew. In the Baryshnikov version of The Nutcracker (1977), for example, the list of closing credits shown obviously does not include every single dancer, technician or designer who appeared in or worked on the program, while in more recent film and/or television productions of the work, the credits do tend to be quite long, and to list literally every single person who was seen in or who worked on the production. Mikhail Nikolaevitch Baryshnikov (Russian: ) (born January 28, 1948) is a famous Russian dancer, choreographer, and actor. ...
A performance of The Nutcracker The Nutcracker (Russian: ), Op. ...
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Humorous Credits Some closing credits include out-takes from the show for humour. Sometimes, a parting scene is edited in after the credits conclude as a final joke. On other occasions additional scenes to advance the storyline may occur after the credits roll (a prime example being Wild Things). On some occasions, the filmmakers will have a character come back and pop in during the credits to see the goings-on (a noted example is A Bug's Life, another noteworthy example is Daffy Duck appearing in the credits of Gremlins 2: The New Batch complaining about how long they run). In general, the term credit in the artistic or intellectual sense refers to an acknowledgement of those who contributed to a work, whether through ideas or in a more direct sense. ...
A Bugs Life is a computer animated film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution in the United States on November 14, 1998, and in the United Kingdom on 5 February 1999. ...
Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. ...
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Reallocation of Opening Credits to Closing Credits The elimination of full opening credits from many films has resulted in some films essentially displaying two credit sequences, as the major acting and production credits that would previously have been seen at the start of the film are displayed first (often preceded by the main title which no longer appears at the start of every movie), and then these credits are usually repeated along with the complete cast and production credits that follow. Opening credits, in a television program or motion picture, are shown at the beginning of a show and list the most important members of the production. ...
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Marginalization for Television Promotion On American television, closing credits have started to become more of an afterthought. Most networks now run, instead of a show's usual credits, a split-screened version of the show's credits to allow for running a promo (known in some circles as "generic credits"). On some shows, the credits are reduced to either a rapid-fire crawl, or quick-flashing cards; either way, each credit would appear on-screen for less than one second. Many networks have begun a trend of placing credits at the lower third of the screen, in this format. Sometimes a promo would run shorter of the normal time it would take to run the credits at normal speed. Thus, the credits even "sped-up" near the end in order to show all the credits before the promo ended (a prime example of this is NBC's showing of "Titanic", in which there were so many credits to be shown in so little time that credits would switch seemly every millisecond, making it impossible for anyone to read even with a slow motion capability) However, full closing credits are still created by the production company and used in syndicated reruns of a program, and are always seen if the program is released as a DVD box set. Titanic is a 1997 dramatic movie released by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox. ...
One millisecond is one-thousandth of a second. ...
In the television industry (as in radio), syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast programs to multiple stations, without going through a broadcast network. ...
This article is becoming very long. ...
Most daytime soap operas used scrolling closing credits for many, many years. Because of the large amount of people involved with the production of each serial, a full cast and crew credit crawl could last nearly 3 minutes or longer. Because of this, the closing music would usually be an expanded, full-length version of the show's opening theme music. Starting in 1999, however, soap operas eliminated the full-screen crawl in favor of the one-third screen credits/promo combination. While NBC and CBS soaps use the upper portion of the screen to show advertisments for primetime programming, ABC soaps show previews for the next episode. Soaps that are reran on SOAPnet continue to use full-screen credits. The first TIME cover devoted to soap operas: Dated January 12, 1976, Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes of Days of Our Lives are featured with the headline Soap Operas: Sex and suffering in the afternoon. A soap opera is an ongoing, episodic work of fiction, usually broadcast on television...
An ident, usually shown at the top of the hour, or at the half-hour. ...
The cable channel E! has changed their programming around in the last year so that the program-to-program transition is seamless, using a full-screen E! logo between shows that opens up to the next program. To do this, the network has moved the closing credits for their programs to air within the first minute of a show, usually on the bottom 1/3 of the screen in small, translucent type, and sprinkling high-profile credits that must be legible and apparent (such as clothing mentions) throughout the show coming out of commercial breaks. E! (Entertainment Television) is an American cable television and direct broadcast satellite network. ...
Some networks, such as GSN, have even begun cutting off the credits before they finish, most likely to allow more time for commercials. Many animated shows, however, still maintain and air the full version of the credits. The Game Show Network (now known as GSN - The Network for Games) is an American cable television and direct broadcast satellite channel dedicated to game shows, reality shows, and interactive television games. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
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Notable Exceptions American Idol and So You Think You Can Dance? have proven to be an exception to this, showing the full credits in a regular scroll as the shows close due to the live nature of the programs (along with voting disclaimers) precluding Fox from doing a split-screen. Saturday Night Live has always done a full-screen credits scroll, though the credits are regularly cut off by NBC before the end to get in a promo. American Idol, formerly known as American Idol: The Search for a Superstar, is an American television series. ...
So You Think You Can Dance is an American dance reality show and competition that broadcast on the Fox Network and on CTV in Canada. ...
The Fox Broadcasting Company, usually referred to as just Fox (the company itself prefers the capitalized version FOX), is a television network in the United States and Canada. ...
Saturday Night Live (SNL) is a weekly late night 90-minute American comedy-variety show based in New York City which has been broadcast by NBC nearly every Saturday night since its debut on October 11, 1975. ...
NBC, (Formerly an acronym for the National Broadcasting Company until 2004), is an American television and radio network based in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ...
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Trivia - Around the World in Eighty Days (1956 film) had one of the longest and most elaborate closing credit sequences of any film. It provided an animated recap of the movie's three-hour storyline, identifying the actors in the order in which they appeared.
- The 2006 film Clerks 2 by Kevin Smith features an extended closing credits that included a list of anyone who joined Smith's "friends network" on Myspace.com in the months building up to the film's release. The very long list of credits (in multi-column format) has forced some theaters to either stop the projector early or to cut out sections of the film reel so that the theater can be cleaned in time for the following showing. Smith announced that he will continue the myspace friends-credit list through 2006 and will include any new names on the DVD credits when the film is released on DVD.
- The film adaption of S.E. Hinton's The Outsiders has the end credits (as well as the ending of the book) in the beginning of the movie and the end.
[edit] Around the World in Eighty Days is a 1956 movie based on the novel of the same name by Jules Verne, involving a dare proposed to English aristocrat Phileas Fogg by his gentlemens club to undertake a bold journey to travel around the world in only 80 days. ...
Clerks II is the 2006 sequel to Kevin Smiths 1994 movie Clerks. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
MySpace. ...
Susan Eloise Hinton (born on July 22, 1948 in Tulsa, Oklahoma) is an American author who wrote five young adult novels in the 1960s and 70s. ...
The Outsiders is a film adaptation of the novel of the same name by S. E. Hinton, and was made in 1983 by Francis Ford Coppola. ...
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