Another use of the term "criminal organization" exists in human rights law and refers to an organization which has been found guilty of crimes against humanity. Once an organization has been determined to be a criminal organization, then one must only demonstrate that an individual belonged to that organization to be punished and not that the individual actually individually committed illegal acts.
The concept of the criminal organization came into being during the Nuremberg Trials. Several public sector organizations of Nazi Germany such as the SS and Gestapo were judged to be criminal organizations, while other organizations such as the German Army High Command were indicted but accquited of charges.
This conception of criminal organizations was and continues to be controversial, and has not been used in human rights law since the trials at Nuremberg.
This part of the bibliography provides references to literature that describes and/or examines the criminalorganization in depth.
Particular emphasis is placed on works that explore salient issues relating to the organization of crime, such as group structure, membership, recruitment, codes, etc.
Lewis, George H. "Social Groupings in OrganizedCrime: The Case of the La Nuestra Familia." Deviant Behaivor.
A criminalorganization is a group run by criminals, most commonly for the purpose of generating a monetary profit.
Notable examples of criminalorganizations include the Sicilian Mafia (or Cosa Nostra), Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, the Russian Mafia, the Colombian drug cartels, the Japanese Yakuza, Chinese Triad, the Irish Mob, the Jewish Mob and the Brazilian PCC (Primeiro Comando da Capital).
The concept of the criminalorganization came into being during the Nuremberg Trials.
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