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Around the start of the 14th century a series of events began that brought centuries of European prosperity and growth to a halt. Three major crises would lead to radical changes in all areas of society - they were demographic collapse, political instabilities and lastly religious upheavals. World map showing the location of Europe. ...
A series of famines and plagues, beginning with the Great Famine of 1315-1317 and especially the Black Death of 1348, reduced the population perhaps by half or more. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. Popular revolts in late medieval Europe were common, civil wars between nobles within countries such as the War of the Roses were common, and there were international conflicts between kings such as France and England in the Hundred Years' War. The unity of the Catholic Church was shattered by the Great Schism. The Holy Roman Empire was also in decline, in the aftermath of the Interregnum (1247-1273), the Empire lost cohesion and politically the separate dynasties of the various German states became more important than their common empire. The Great Famine of 1315-1317 (or to 1322) was the first of a series of large-scale crises that struck Europe early in the 14th century, causing millions of deaths over an extended number of years and marking a clear end to an earlier period of growth and prosperity...
It has been suggested that Plague doctor be merged into this article or section. ...
April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ...
Popular revolts in late medieval Europe were uprisings and rebellions by peasants in the countryside, or the bourgeois in towns, against nobles and kings during the upheavals of the 14th through early 16th centuries. ...
The War or Wars of the Roses may refer to, or have been referred to by: The historical Wars of the Roses, the civil war that took place in Mediæval Britain between the House of York and the House of Lancaster. ...
Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total...
Combatants France Castile Scotland Genoa Majorca Bohemia Crown of Aragon Brittany England Burgundy Brittany Portugal Navarre Flanders Hainaut Aquitaine Luxembourg Holy Roman Empire Hundred Years War Edwardian – Breton Succession – Castilian – Two Peters – Caroline – Lancastrian The Hundred Years War was a conflict between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337...
The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ...
Historical map of the Western Schism. ...
The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ...
An interregnum is a period between monarchs, between popes of the Roman Catholic Church, emperors of Holy Roman Empire, polish kings (elective monarchy) or between consuls of the Roman Republic. ...
Events Shams ad-Din disappears resulting in Jalal Uddin Rumi writing 30,000 verses of poetry about his disappearance. ...
For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ...
Demography - Main article: Medieval demography
At the beginning of the 14th century, Europe had become, some say, overpopulated. Overall, the population of Europe is believed to have reached a peak of around 100 million. By comparison, the 15-member states-strong European Union in 2000 had a population of 377 million [1]. Grain yields in the 14th century were between 2:1 and 7:1 (2:1 means for every seed planted, 2 are harvested). Modern grain yields are 300:1 or more, but the population is only four times as much. Medieval demography is the study of human demography in Europe during the Middle Ages. ...
This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...
2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...
By the 14th century frontiers had ceased to expand and internal colonization was coming to an end, but population levels remained high. Then during the 14th century a number of calamities struck. Starting with the Great Famine in 1315, and then the Black Death of 1348-1350, the population of Europe plummeted. The Great Famine of 1315-1317 (or to 1322) was the first of a series of large-scale crises that struck Europe early in the 14th century, causing millions of deaths over an extended number of years and marking a clear end to an earlier period of growth and prosperity...
Events August 13 - Louis X of France marries Clemence dAnjou. ...
It has been suggested that Plague doctor be merged into this article or section. ...
April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ...
Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ...
The period between 1348 and 1420 witnessed the heaviest loss. In Germany, about 40% of the named inhabitants disappeared. The population of Provence was reduced by 50% and in some regions in Tuscany 70% were lost during this period. April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ...
Events May 21 - Treaty of Troyes. ...
Coat of arms of Provence Provence (Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) was a Roman province and now is a region of southeastern France on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Italy. ...
Popular Revolt -
Before the 14th century, popular uprisings were not unknown, for example, uprisings at a manor house against an unpleasant overlord, but they were local in scope. This changed in the 14th and 15th centuries when new downward pressures on the poor resulted in mass movements and popular uprisings across Europe. To indicate how common and widespread these movements became, in Germany between 1336 and 1525 there were no less than sixty phases of militant peasant unrest. Popular revolts in late medieval Europe were uprisings and rebellions by (typically) peasants in the countryside, or the bourgeois in towns, against nobles, abbots and kings during the upheavals of the 14th through early 16th centuries, part of a larger Crisis of the Late Middle Ages. Sometimes also known as...
Most of the revolts were an expression of those who desired to share in the wealth, status and well-being of the more fortunate. They were almost always defeated in the end and the nobles won the day. A new attitude emerged in Europe: "peasant" became a pejorative concept, separate from those who had wealth and status, and seen in a negative light. This was a social stratification entirely different from that of earlier times when society was based on the three orders, those who work, those who pray and those who fight.
Civil wars Lancaster York For other uses, see Wars of the Roses (disambiguation). ...
International wars Combatants France Castile Scotland Genoa Majorca Bohemia Crown of Aragon Brittany England Burgundy Brittany Portugal Navarre Flanders Hainaut Aquitaine Luxembourg Holy Roman Empire Hundred Years War Edwardian – Breton Succession – Castilian – Two Peters – Caroline – Lancastrian The Hundred Years War was a conflict between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337...
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