Crispin Wright (born 1942) is a British philosopher, who has written on neo-Fregean philosophy of mathematics, Wittgenstein's later philosophy, and on issues related to truth, realism, cognitivism, skepticism, knowledge, and objectivity. He is Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of St. Andrews, and regular visiting professor at New York University (NYU). He has also taught at the University of Michigan, Oxford University, Columbia University, and Princeton University. 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... A philosopher is a person who thinks deeply regarding people, society, the world, and/or the universe. ... A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848, Wismar – 26 July 1925, Bad Kleinen) was a German mathematician who evolved into a logician and philosopher. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), pictured here in 1930, made influential contributions to Logic and the philosophy of language, critically examining the task of conventional philosophy and its relation to the nature of language. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Common dictionary definitions of truth mention some form of accord with fact or reality. ... Realism is commonly defined as a concern for fact or reality and a rejection of the impractical and visionary. ... The word cognitivism is used in several ways: In ethics, cognitivism is the philosophical view that ethical sentences express propositions, and hence are capable of being true or false. ... In ordinary usage, skepticism or scepticism (Greek: skeptomai, to look about, to consider) refers to an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object, the doctrine that true knowledge or knowledge in a particular area is uncertain, or the method of suspended... Personification of knowledge (Greek Επιστημη, Episteme) in Celsus Library in Ephesos, Turkey. ... Objectivity has several meanings: Objectivity (philosophy) Objectivity (journalism) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews was founded between 1410-1413 and is the oldest university in Scotland and the third oldest in the United Kingdom. ...

One of his best-known works is Frege's Conception of Numbers as Objects (1983), where he argues that Frege's logicist project could be revived by removing the Principle of Unrestricted Comprehension (sometimes refered to as Basic Law V) from the formal system. Arithmetic is then derivable in second-order logic from Hume's principle. He gives informal arguments that (i) Hume's principle plus second-order logic is consistent, and (ii) from it one can produce the Dedekind–Peano axioms. Both results were later to be proven more rigorously by George Boolos and Richard Heck. Wright is one of the major proponents of neo-logicism. Logicism is one of the schools of thought in the philosophy of mathematics, putting forth the theory that mathematics is an extension of logic and therefore some or all mathematics is reducible to logic. ... In axiomatic set theory and the branches of logic, mathematics, and computer science that use it, the axiom schema of specification, or axiom schema of separation, or axiom schema of restricted comprehension, is a schema of axioms in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. ... System (from the Latin (systÄ“ma), and this from the Greek (sustÄ“ma)) is an assemblage of entity/objects, real or abstract, comprising a whole with each and every component/element interacting or related to another one. ... Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αριθμός = number) is the oldest and simplest branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple daily counting to advanced science and business calculations. ... In mathematical logic, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. ... Humes principle is a standard for comparing any two sets of objects as to size. ... Look up argument in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... David Hume (April 26, 1711 – August 25, 1776)[1] was a Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian, as well as an important figure of Western philosophy and of the Scottish Enlightenment. ... A principle (not principal) is something, usually a rule or norm, that is part of the basis for something else. ... Consistency has several technical meanings: In NASCAR Racing, consistency is a term coined by NASCAR drivers about the frequency of finishing well in the top ten or top five each race as it helps to get enough points to make the Chase For The Cup and win the Nextel Cup... In mathematics, the Peano axioms (or Peano postulates) are a set of second-order axioms proposed by Giuseppe Peano which determine the theory of arithmetic. ... In mathematics, a proof is a demonstration that, given certain axioms, some statement of interest is necessarily true. ... George Stephen Boolos (September 4, 1940, New York City - May 27, 1996) was a philosopher and a mathematical logician. ... Logicism is one of the schools of thought in the Philosophy of mathematics. ...

Another important book of Crispin Wright's is Truth and Objectivity (Waynflete Lectures given at Oxford), Cambridge, MA, 1992. He argues in this book that there need be no single, discourse-invariant thing in which truth consists, making an analogy with identity. There need only be some principles regarding which the truth predicate can be applied to a sentence, some 'platitudes' about true sentences. Wright also argues that in some contexts, probably including moral contexts, superassertibility will effectively function as a truth predicate. He defines a predicate as superassertible if it is assertible in some state of information and then remains so no matter how that state of information is enlarged upon or improved. Assertibility is warrant by whatever standards inform the discourse in question. Cambridge City Hall Settled: 1630 â€“ Incorporated: 1636 Zip Code(s): 02139 â€“ Area Code(s): 617 / 857 Official website: http://www. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ... Common dictionary definitions of truth mention some form of accord with fact or reality. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A principle (not principal) is something, usually a rule or norm, that is part of the basis for something else. ... In mathematics, a predicate is a relation. ... In linguistics, a sentence is a unit of language, characterised in most languages by the presence of a finite verb. ... Look up Context in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Morality refers to the concept of human ethics which pertains to matters of good and evil —also referred to as right or wrong, used within three contexts: individual conscience; systems of principles and judgments — sometimes called moral values —shared within a cultural, religious, secular, Humanist, or philosophical community; and codes... A stipulative definition is a type of definition in which a new or currently-existing term is given a new meaning for the purposes of argument or discussion in a given context. ... Theory of justification is a part of epistemology that attempts to understand the justification of statements and beliefs. ... Discourse is a term used in semantics as in discourse analysis, but it also refers to a social conception of discourse, often linked with the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and Jürgen Habermas The Theory of Communicative Action (1985). ...

Wright recently co-edited the Blackwell Companion to the Philosophy of Language, with Bob Hale.

Awards

• FBA: Fellow of the British Academy, 1992
• FRSE: Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1996
• Fullbright scholar at Princeton University, 1985-6
• Leverhulme Trust Personal Research Professor, 1998-2003
• British Academy Research Reader, 1990-2
• Prize Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford, 1969-71