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The critical geography is one of the four major turning points in the history of geography (the other three being environmental determinism, regional geography and quantitative revolution). Though post-positivist approaches remain important in geography the critical geography arose as a critique of positivism introduced by quantitative revolution. The quantitative revolution was one of the four major turning points in the history of geography (the other three being regional geography, environmental determinism and critical geography). ...
Two main schools of thought emerged from human geography and one existing school (behavioural geography) which made a brief comeback. Behavioural geography sought to counter the perceived tendency of quantitative geography to deal with humanity as a statistical phenomenon. It flourished briefly during the 1970s and sought to provide a greater understanding of how people perceived places and made locational decisions and sought to challenge mathematical models of society, in particular the use of econometric techniques. But the lack of a sound theoretical base left behavioural geography open to critique as merely descriptive and amounting to little more than a listing of spatial preferences. Behavioral geography is an approach to Human Geography that examines human behavior using a disaggregate approach. ...
Econometrics literally means economic measurement. It is a combination of mathematical economics, statistics, economic statistics and economic theory. ...
Radical geography emerged during the 1970s and 1980s as the inadequacies of behavioralist methods became clear. It sought to counter the postivist quantitative methods with normative techniques drawn from Marxist theory: quantitative methods, it argued, were not useful unless alternatives or solutions were given to problems. In the humanities and social sciences, the term positive is used in a number of ways. ...
In philosophy, normative is usually contrasted with descriptive or explanatory when describing types of theories, beliefs, or statements. ...
Marxism is the philosophy, social theory and political practice based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century German socialist philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary. ...
The final and, arguably, most successful of the three schools was humanistic geography, initially formed part of behavioural geography but fundamentally disagreed with the use of quantitative methods in assessing human behaviour and thoughts in favour of qualitative analysis. Humanistic geography used many of the techniques that the humanities use such as source analysis and the use of text and literature to try and ‘get into the mind’ of the subject(s). Furthermore, cultural geography revived due to humanistic geography new areas of study such as feminist, postmodernist and poststructuralist geography began to emerge. The term qualitative research has different meanings in different fields, with the social science usage the most well-known. ...
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Cultural region is a term used mainly in the study of geography. ...
Feminist geography is a branch of human geography which applies the theories, methods and critiques of feminism to the study of the human environment/society. ...
Additional Reading
- Social Justice and the City, Ira Katznelson (Foreword), David Harvey, Blackwell Publishers, ISBN 0631164766
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