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Encyclopedia > Critics of the New Deal

During his presidency from 1933 to 1945, Franklin D. Roosevelt established a series of programs which he called the New Deal. The New Deal attracted critics from both ends of the political spectrum. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only man to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ... The New Deal was the title President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to the series of programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of providing relief, recovery, and reform (3 Rs) to the people and economy of the United States during the Great Depression. ...

Contents

From the Left

  • Carter Glass Senator from Virginia, came from his death bed to the 1940 Democratic Convention to nominate Franklin Roosevelt's campaign manager James Farley as the Democratic Party's candidate for the Presidency. Glass was against Roosevelt's third term candidacy.
  • William Lemke, North Dakota congressman, who ran a third-party Presidential campaign against Roosevelt in 1936 on the ad-hoc Union Party ticket. Lemke argued that the New Deal did not go far enough in redistributing wealth in the United States.
  • John L. Lewis, leader of the powerful coal miners labor union and CIO; supported 1940 Republican Presidential candidate Wendell Willkie over Roosevelt in a power struggle with FDR for control of the Democratic Party.
  • Huey Long, populist Democratic Governor and Senator from Louisiana. Long criticized the New Deal for not going far enough to redistribute wealth; he advocated a centralized socialist economy. Long proposed a more radical economic plan called Share Our Wealth, in which all American citizens would not earn more than a million dollars a year or less than $4,000 a year. His slogan was "Every Man a King". Assassinated in 1935 by a political opponent.
  • Francis Townsend, a retired California doctor who proposed a guaranteed income plan for senior citizens; his plan proved to be so popular that FDR adopted the Social Security Act to halt the growth of Townsend's movement.
  • Burton Wheeler, Democratic Senator from Montana; broke with Roosevelt in 1937 over his court packing plan; later opposed Roosevelt as an isolationist wanting to avoid involvement in World War II.
  • Howard Zinn, historian at Columbia University whose book A People's History of the United States criticizes Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal for not going far enough to redistribute wealth in the U.S. during the Great Depression. Zinn argues that the New Deal was primarily concerned with saving American capitalism, and that it should have been more radical in nationalizing American industry and promoting economic socialism. Other radical-left historians such as Eric Foner and Alan Brinkley have made similar criticisms of the New Deal.

Carter Glass Carter Glass (January 4, 1858–May 28, 1946) was an American politician from Virginia, who served many years in Congress, as well as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under Woodrow Wilson. ... House Resolution 368, 97th Congress, 2nd Session, March 2 1982 Robert Caro, The Path to Power James (Jim) Aloysius Farley (May 30, 1888–June 9, 1976) was an American politician who served as head of the Democratic National Committee and Postmaster General. ... William Frederick Lemke (August 13, 1878 – May 30, 1950), was a United States politician. ... Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The Union Party was a short-lived political party in the United States, formed in 1936 by a coalition of radio priest Father Charles Coughlin, old-age pension advocate Francis Townsend, and Gerald L. K. Smith, who had taken control of Huey Longs Share Our Wealth movement after Long... DAVE ACKERMAN HAS WOOLY SOCKSJohn Llewellyn Lewis (February 12, 1880 – June 11, 1969) was an American leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960. ... The Congress of Industrial Organizations, or CIO, was a federation of unions that organized industrial workers in the United States and Canada in 1935-1955. ... Wendell L. Willkie Wendell Lewis Willkie (February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was a lawyer in the United States and the Republican nominee for the 1940 presidential election. ... Huey Pierce Long, Jr. ... List of Governors of Louisiana First French Era Sieur Sauvole de la Villantry 1699-1701 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne, Sieur de Bienville 1701-1713 Antonine de la Mothe Cadillac 1713-1716 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne 1716-1717 De lEpinay 1717-1718 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne 1718... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... Share Our Wealth was a movement begun during the Great Depression by Huey Long, governor and later senator from Louisiana. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... United States Social Security Card Social Security is a social insurance program administered by the Social Security Administration under the authority of the United States federal government. ... Time magazine, June 18, 1923 Burton Kendall Wheeler (February 27, 1882–January 6, 1975) was an American politician. ... It has been suggested that Judicial Reorganization Bill be merged into this article or section. ... Isolationism is a diplomatic policy whereby a nation seeks to avoid alliances with other nations. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Howard Zinn (born August 24, 1922) is an American historian, political scientist, social critic, activist and playwright, best known as author of the bestseller, A Peoples History of the United States. ... Alma Mater Columbia University in the City of New York is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... A Peoples History of the United States, 2003 hardcover edition A Peoples History of the United States is a nonfiction book by American historian and political scientist Howard Zinn, in which he seeks to present American history through the eyes of groups he says are rarely heard in... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community[1] for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ... Eric Foner (born February 7, 1943 in New York City) is an American historian. ... Alan Brinkley is the Allan Nevins Professor of History at Columbia University. ...

From the Right (some were formerly on the Left)

Politicians

  • John Nance Garner, supported Roosevelt in 1932; elected vice president 1932 and 1936; broke with Roosevelt in 1937 over his court packing plan.
  • William Randolph Hearst, former leader of left-wing of Democratic party; owned nation's largest newspaper chain; major supporter of Roosevelt in 1932, broke with Roosevelt in 1935 over Roosevelt's proposal to greatly increase taxes on the inheritances of the wealthy, and to close several tax loopholes used by the wealthy to avoid paying taxes. New Dealers ridiculed him in movie Citizen Kane (1940)
  • Hugh S. Johnson, first head of the National Recovery Administration see [1]. Johnson fell out with Roosevelt after FDR fired him in 1935.
  • Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., Ambassador to Britain, leader of Irish-Americans and father of John Kennedy; broke with FDR in 1940 over Roosevelt's proposal to support Britain in its struggle with Nazi Germany. An isolationist, Kennedy believed that Britain would lose to Germany and that America should stay out of the conflict.
  • Charles Lindbergh, pilot who became a national hero in 1927 when he was the first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean from America to France. Lindbergh became the national leader of the isolationist America First Committee in 1940-41. He was attacked by New Dealers for his perceived anti-Semitism and support for some Nazi policies.
  • George N. Peek, farm leader; supported FDR in 1932
  • Ronald Reagan, Hollywood film actor; strong New Dealer in 1940s; started opposing New Deal programs in the 1950s as a corporate spokesman for the General Electric company.
  • Al Smith, Democratic nominee for U.S. president in 1928; founded American Liberty League in 1934 to attack New Deal programs as fostering unnecessary "class conflict".
  • Robert Taft, powerful Republican Senator from Ohio from 1939 to 1953. Taft was the leader of the Republican Party's conservative wing; he consistently denounced the New Deal as "socialism" and argued that it harmed America's business interests and gave ever-greater control to the central government in Washington. Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Taft, an isolationist, vigorously opposed FDR's attempts to aid Britain in World War Two.
  • Barry Goldwater, Republican 1964 presidential candidate; succeeded Taft as the leader of Republican conservatives in the 1950's. Goldwater consistently opposed the expansion of government welfare programs modeled after the New Deal; he criticized President Eisenhower for offering a "dime-store New Deal".

John Nance Garner IV (November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967) was a Representative from Texas and the thirty-second Vice President of the United States (1933-41). ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... It has been suggested that Judicial Reorganization Bill be merged into this article or section. ... For other people named William Randolph Hearst, see William Randolph Hearst (disambiguation) William Randolph Hearst I (April 29, 1863 – August 14, 1951) was an American newspaper magnate. ... Citizen Kane is a 1941 mystery/drama film released by RKO Pictures and directed by Orson Welles, his first feature film. ... Hugh S. Johnson on the cover of Time Hugh Samuel Johnson (1882 - 1942) American soldier and National Recovery Administration official. ... NRA Blue Eagle poster. ... For other persons named Joseph Kennedy, see Joseph Kennedy (disambiguation). ... The office of United States Ambassador (or Minister) to the United Kingdom (also known as Ambassador to the Court of St. ... There have been several John Kennedys: John F. Kennedy, American president John F. Kennedy, Jr. ... Isolationism is a diplomatic policy whereby a nation seeks to avoid alliances with other nations. ... Charles Augustus Lindbergh (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974), known as Lucky Lindy and The Lone Eagle, was an American pilot famous for the first solo, non-stop flight across the Atlantic, from Roosevelt Field, Long Island to Paris in 1927 in the Spirit of St. ... The America First Committee was the foremost pressure group against American entry into the Second World War. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... Reagan redirects here. ... “GE” redirects here. ... Alfred Emanuel Al Smith (December 30, 1873 – October 4, 1944) was Governor of New York, and Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The American Liberty League was a U.S. organization formed in 1934 by conservative Democrats such as Al Smith (the 1928 Democratic presidential nominee), Jouett Shouse (former high party official and U.S. Representative), John Davis (the 1924 Democratic presidential nominee), and John Jacob Raskob (former Democratic National Chairman and... For the former Governor of Ohio and Robert Tafts grandson, see Bob Taft. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Greater Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Barry Morris Goldwater (January 1, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–87) and the Republican Partys nominee for president in the 1964 election. ...

Prewar critics who supported Roosevelt during World War II

Dean Acheson Dean Gooderham Acheson (April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer; as United States Secretary of State in the late 1940s he played the central role in defining American foreign policy for the Cold War. ... In several countries, Secretary of State is a senior government position. ... Lewis Douglas on the cover of Time Magazine Lewis Williams Douglas (July 2, 1894 – March 7, 1974) was an American politician, diplomat, businessman and academic. ... Carter Glass Carter Glass (January 4, 1858–May 28, 1946) was an American politician from Virginia, who served many years in Congress, as well as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under Woodrow Wilson. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Frank Knox William Franklin Frank Knox (January 1, 1874–April 28, 1944) was the Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Flag of the United States Secretary of the Navy. ... Henry L. Stimson Henry Lewis Stimson (September 21, 1867 - October 20, 1950) was an American politician. ... The Secretary of War was a member of the United States Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. ... Wendell L. Willkie Wendell Lewis Willkie (February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was a lawyer in the United States and the Republican nominee for the 1940 presidential election. ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ...

Writers and speakers

Father Coughlin Charles Edward Coughlin (October 25, 1891 – October 27, 1979) was a Canadian-born Roman Catholic priest at Royal Oak, Michigans National Shrine of the Little Flower Church. ... Charles Austin Beard (November 27, 1874 _ September 1, 1948) was an American historian, author with James Harvey Robinson of The Development of Modern Europe (1907). ... Elizabeth Dilling Stokes (April 19, 1894 - 1966), was a well-known American anti-communist and anti-war activist and writer allied with pro-nazi groups in the 1930s and 40s, which led to charges of anti-Semitism and sedition in the Great Sedition Trial of 1944, [1] [2] She was... Anti-communism is opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either a theoretical or practical level. ... John Rodrigo Dos Passos (January 14, 1896 — September 28, 1970) was an American novelist and artist. ... John T. Flynn John Thomas Flynn (October 25, 1882-1964) was a U.S. journalist. ... Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American Nobel Laureate economist and public intellectual. ... Keynesian economics, or Keynesianism, is an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. ... Garet Garrett (1878-1954) was an American journalist and author who was noted for his critiques of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War. ... David Lawrence can refer to many different People: David L. Lawrence is the former Pennsylvania governer. ... Charles Augustus Lindbergh (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974), known as Lucky Lindy and The Lone Eagle, was an American pilot famous for the first solo, non-stop flight across the Atlantic, from Roosevelt Field, Long Island to Paris in 1927 in the Spirit of St. ... Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 - December 14, 1974) was an influential American writer, journalist, and political commentator. ... Westbrook Pegler (2 August 1894 - 24 June 1969) was a United States journalist and writer. ... Raymond Moley, a leading New Dealer who became its bitter opponent. ... The Brain Trust was the name given to a group of diverse academics who served as advisers to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the early period of his tenure. ... Albert Jay Nock (October 13, 1870 or 1872 - August 19, 1945) was an influential American libertarian author, educational theorist, and social critic of the early and middle 20th century. ... For other uses, see Libertarianism (disambiguation). ... Isabel Bowler Paterson (January 22, 1886, Manitoulin Island Canada -- 1961) was a journalist, literary critic, author, and libertarian advocate. ... Ezra Pound in 1913. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Ayn Rand (IPA: , February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1905 – March 6, 1982), born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum (Russian: ), was a Russian-born American novelist and philosopher,[1] known for creating a philosophy she named Objectivism and for writing the novels We the Living, The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged and the... This article is about the philosophy of Ayn Rand. ... For other uses, see Libertarianism (disambiguation). ... Gerald Lyman Kenneth Smith (February 27, 1898–April 15, 1976) was considered a demagogue by many. ... Mark J. Sullivan is the current Director of the United States Secret Service. ...

Books with an anti-New Deal point of view

Garet Garrett (1878-1954) was an American journalist and author who was noted for his critiques of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War. ... Elizabeth Dilling Stokes (April 19, 1894 - 1966), was a well-known American anti-communist and anti-war activist and writer allied with pro-nazi groups in the 1930s and 40s, which led to charges of anti-Semitism and sedition in the Great Sedition Trial of 1944, [1] [2] She was... Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933), was a world-famous mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. ... Raymond Moley, a leading New Dealer who became its bitter opponent. ... Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933), was a world-famous mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. ... Garet Garrett (1878-1954) was an American journalist and author who was noted for his critiques of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War. ... John T. Flynn John Thomas Flynn (October 25, 1882-1964) was a U.S. journalist. ... Garet Garrett (1878-1954) was an American journalist and author who was noted for his critiques of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War. ... George N. Crocker (1906-1970) was a U.S. Army officer, author, lawyer and businessman. ... Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an influential American economist, historian and natural law theorist belonging to the Austrian School of Economics who helped define modern libertarianism. ... Cover of the Mises Institutes 2000 edition of Americas Great Depression. ... James J. Martin (September 18, 1916 - April 4, 2004) was an American historian. ... Jim Powell is the R.C. Hoiles Senior Fellow at a libertarian think tank, the Cato Institute in Washington, D.C., with which he has been associated since 1988. ... Thomas Woods Thomas E. Woods, Jr. ... The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History is a book by Thomas Woods, published in December of 2004. ... Robert P. Murphy Robert P. Bob Murphy (born 23 May 1976) is an Austrian School economist and anarcho-capitalist author. ... The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism, published in 2007 and authored by Austrian school economist Robert P. Murphy, is the ninth book in the popular conservative series Politically Incorrect Guides. ... Amity Shlaes is an American columnist from New York, who writes about politics and economics. ...

Other references

  • Gary Dean Best; The Critical Press and the New Deal: The Press Versus Presidential Power, 1933-1938 Praeger Publishers 1993. online edition
  • Brinkley, Alan. Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, & the Great Depression (1983)
  • Graham, Otis L. and Meghan Robinson Wander, eds. Franklin D. Roosevelt: His Life and Times. (1985), an encyclopedia
  • Kennedy, David M. Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. (1999) the best recent scholarly narrative.
  • McCoy, Donald * R. Landon of Kansas (1966) standard scholarly biography
  • Paterson, James. Mr. Republican: A Biography of Robert Taft (1972), standard biography
  • Ronald Radosh. Prophets on the Right: Profiles of conservative critics of American globalism (1978)
  • Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr., The Age of Roosevelt, 3 vols, (1957-1960), the classic pro-New Deal history, with details on critics. Online at vol 2 vol 3
  • Rudolf, Frederick. "The American Liberty League, 1934-1940," American Historical Review, LVI (October 1950), 19-33 online at JSTOR
  • Smith, Richard Norton. An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover (1987) biography
  • White, Graham J. FDR and the Press. 1979.
  • Winfield, Betty Houchin. FDR and the News Media 1990
  • Williams, T. Harry. Huey Long (1969), Pulitzer Prize biography
  • Wolfskill, George. The Revolt of the Conservatives: A History of the American Liberty League, 1934-1940 (1962)

See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Article about "New Deal" in the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (5041 words)
Since the 1960s, New Left historians, on the other hand, have chronicled a series of missed opportunities and inadequate responses to problems in the New Deal, which they argue might have saved capitalism from itself, but failed to help—and in many cases actually harmed by squandering a historic opportunity—those groups most in need of assistance.
Several crucial New Deal programs, moreover, violated conservative constitutional theory; the NRA, the AAA, and others were invalidated by the Supreme Court, which was dominated by conservatives with a narrow view of the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution, the basis of much New Deal legislation.
After all, in many cases New Deal efforts were intended to enhance the position of private entrepreneurs—especially their concerns over inflation—even, at times, at the cost of some of the liberal reform goals that some administration officials espoused.
New Deal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (10243 words)
The New Deal is the name given to the series of programs implemented between 1933-37 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt with the goal of relief, recovery and reform of the United States economy during the Great Depression.
Some liberal historians argue the New Deal laid the ground work for the "broker state" to be expanded a generation later, mostly through the work of the next wave of liberal reform—the civil rights movement and the Great Society—to embrace groups marginalized in the 1930s.
The New Deal had in fact engaged in deficit spending since 1933, but it was apologetic about it, because a rise in the national debt was opposite of what the Democratic party had always preached.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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