Cross of Lorraine

The Cross of Lorraine is a heraldic cross. It consists of a vertical line, crossed by two smaller horizontal bars. The lower bar is as close to the bottom of the vertical as the upper bar is to the top. In the ancient version, both bars were of the same length. In 20th century use, the lower bar is longer than the upper, thus resembling a patriarchal cross, the crossbars of which, however, are both near the top. Cross of Lorraine uploaded from the French Version, under GNU File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Heraldry is the science and art of designing, displaying, describing and recording coats-of-arms (also referred to as armorial bearings or simply as arms). Its origins lie in the need to distinguish participants in battles or jousts and to describe the various devices they carried or painted on their... For other uses, see Cross (disambiguation). ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Patriarchal cross Websters 1913 dictionary defines the patriarchial cross as a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. ...

Symbol in France

The Cross of Lorraine is part of the heraldic arms of Lorraine in eastern France. It was originally the symbol of Joan of Arc, renowned for her perseverance against foreign invaders of France (in her case, the English). Between 1871 and 1918 (and again between 1940-1944), the northern third of Lorraine was annexed to Germany, along with Alsace. During that period the cross served as a rallying point for French ambitions to recover its lost provinces. This historical significance lent it considerable weight as a symbol of French patriotism. Lorraine coat of arms Lorraine (French: Lorraine; German: Lothringen) is a historical area in present-day northeast France. ... Image:Joan arc miniature graded. ... The English are an ethnic group generally associated with England and the English language. ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Imperial Province of Elsaß-Lothringen (497 Kb) Alsace-Lorraine (French: Alsace-Lorraine; German: Elsass-Lothringen) was a territory originally of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, ceded to King Louis XIV of France by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, returned by France to the newly-unified German... Capital Strasbourg Land area¹ 8,280 km² Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Population  - Jan. ...

The flag of Free France featured a red Cross of Lorraine on a standard Flag of France.

During World War II, the cross was adopted as the official symbol of the Free French Forces (French: Forces Françaises Libres, or FFL) under Charles de Gaulle. Image File history File links Flag_of_Free_France. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Free_France. ... Flag Ratio: 2:3 The national flag of France (Vexillological symbol: , known in French as drapeau tricolore, drapeau bleu-blanc-rouge, drapeau français, rarely, le tricolore and, in military parlance, les couleurs) is a tricolour featuring three vertical bands coloured blue (hoist side), white, and red. ... Combatants Allies: • Soviet Union, • UK & Commonwealth, • USA, • France/Free France, • China, • Poland, • ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Japan, • Italy, • ...and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total: 50 million Full list Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total: 12 million Full list World War II... The Free French Forces (Forces Françaises Libres in French) were French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and German occupation, following the call of General De Gaulle, and the de jure government (Free French Government) of France... -1...

The capitaine de corvette Thierry d'Argenlieu suggested the adoption of the Cross of Lorraine as symbol of the Free French, both to recall the perseverance of Joan of Arc (whose symbol it had been), and as an answer to the Hakenkreuz. The rank insignia of the French Navy are worn on epaulettes of shirts and white jackets, and on sleeves for navy jackets and mantels. ... Image:Joan arc miniature graded. ... The swastika is a cross with its arms 90° to either right or left. ...

In his general order n° 2 of the 3 July 1940, vice-admiral Émile Muselier, then chief of the naval and air forces of the Free French for only two days, created the bow flag displaying the French colours with a red cross of Lorraine, and a cocarde also featuring the cross of Lorraine. July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... A cockade is a knot of ribbons, or other symbol of distinctive colours which is usually worn on a hat. ...

Appropriately, de Gaulle is memorialised by a gigantic 43 meter high Cross of Lorraine at his home village of Colombey-les-Deux-Églises. Colombey-les-deux-Églises is a village and commune in the Haute-Marne départment, France, located at 48 13N 4 54E. It has a population of around 700 people. ...

The cross was also carried on the fuselages of aircraft flying on behalf of the Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres (FAFL) from 1940 to 1943 to distinguish them from the aircraft of the Vichy French air force, which continued to sport the traditional French air force (Armée de l'Air) roundels, dating from World War I. Presidential flag of Vichy France Vichy France, or the Vichy regime was the de facto French government of 1940-1944 during the Nazi Germany occupation of World War II. Now known in French as the Régime de Vichy or Vichy, during its existence it referred to itself as L... The familiar French military aviation roundel gave rise to similar roundels for air forces all over the world, including that of the United Kingdom (RAF), which reversed the colors on the French roundel. ... Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties 5 million military, 3 million civilian (full list) 3 million military, 3 million civilian (full list) World War I, also known as the First World...

The Cross of Lorraine was later adopted by Gaullist movements such as the Rally for the Republic. Gaullism is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Charles de Gaulle. ... The Rally for the Republic, also known by its French acronym RPR (Rassemblement pour la République), was a French political party. ...

The French frigate Aconit, named after the corvette Aconit of the Free French Forces, flies the Cross of Lorraine on her unit flag

Image File history File links FS_Aconit_1. ... Image File history File links FS_Aconit_1. ... The Aconit is a large multi-mission stealth frigate of the French Marine Nationale. ... Aconit (J1095, formerly HMS Aconite, K58) was one of the nine Flower-class corvettes lent by the Royal Navy to the Force Navales Françaises Libres (Free French Naval Forces). ... The Free French Forces (Forces Françaises Libres in French) were French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and German occupation, following the call of General De Gaulle, and the de jure government (Free French Government) of France...

Other uses

The flag of Slovakia and the Slovak coat of arms both include the cross of Lorraine. In Slovakia, the cross of Lorraine as a symbol of Lorraine is considered to have arisen when the Great Moravian King Svätopluk "passed" it to Zwentibold of Lorraine, the godchild of Svätopluk and son of the emperor Arnulf of Carinthia. Flag ratio: 2:3 The current form of the flag of Slovakia was adopted by Slovakias Constitution, which came into force on September 3, 1992. ... Coat of arms of Slovakia Coat of arms of Slovakia is composed of a silver (argent) double cross, elevated on the middle peak of a dark blue mountain consisting of three peaks. ... Svatopluk (Свѧтопълкъ, also Svätopluk, Sventopluk, Suentopolcus, Zventopluk, Suatopluk, Святополкъ, Zwentibald) (?-894) was the prince of the Nitrian principality (850s - 871) and then the king of Great Moravia (871-894). ... Zwentibold (870 – August 13, 900) was the illegimate son of the Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia. ... Arnulf of Carinthia (German Arnulf von Kärnten, Slovenian Arnulf KoroÅ¡ki) (850 – December 8, 899) was one of the last ruling members of the Carolingian house in the Eastern part of the Frankish Kingdom, which had been split in the Treaty of Verdun in 843. ...

The Hungarian coat of arms also depicts a double cross, which is often attributed to Byzantine influence on Pannonia and Great Moravia, early precursors to present-day Hungary and Slovakia. Coat of Arms of Hungary The Coat of Arms of Hungary was adopted in July 1990, after the end of the Socialist regime, although it has been used before, both with and without the crown, sometimes as part of a larger, more complex coat of arms, and many of its... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Great Moravia (Old Church Slavonic approximately Велья Морава, Czech Velká Morava, Slovak Veľká Morava, Latin Magna Moravia) was a Slav state existing on the territory of present-day Moravia and Slovakia between 833 and the early 10th century. ...

The double cross is one of the national symbols in Belarus. The Belarusian version of the cross symbolises the Cross of Euphrosyne of Polatsk, an important religious artefact. The symbol is supposed to have Byzantine roots and is used by the Belarusian Uniate church as a symbol uniting Orthodox and Catholic traditions. The Belarusian Cross can be found on the traditional coat of arms of Belarus - the Pahonia Euphrosyne (sometimes spelled Efrasinnia) of Polatsk (or Polacak, Polotsk) (Belarusian: Эўфрасі́ньня По́лацкая) was the granddaughter of a prince of Polacak, Usiaslau. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... The term Eastern Rites may refer to the liturgical rites used by many ancient Christian Churches of Eastern Europe and the Middle East that, while being part of the Roman Catholic Church, are distinct from the Latin Rite or Western Church. ... Separate articles treat Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Judaism. ... The Pahonia (Belarusian: , translated as Chase) is a historical symbol of Belarus. ...

A similar cross is used as an emblem by the American Lung Association and as such is familiar from their Christmas Seals program. One explanation of this use of the symbol is that it was adopted during World War I on account of the victims of poison gas warfare in eastern France. The American Lung Association is a non-profit organization which fights lung disease in all its forms, with special emphasis on asthma, tobacco control and environmental health. It was founded in 1904 to fight tuberculosis as the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. ... The US Christmas seal of 1925 features holly and mistletoe behind the candles. ... Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties 5 million military, 3 million civilian (full list) 3 million military, 3 million civilian (full list) World War I, also known as the First World... Early detection of chemical agents Sociopolitical climate of chemical warfare While the study of chemicals and their military uses was widespread in China, the use of toxic materials has historically been viewed with mixed emotions and some disdain in the West (especially when the enemy were doing it). ...

Miscellaneous

The "Cross of Lorraine" symbol appears in Unicode as U+2628 (☨) or U+2021 (‡) and in HTML as ‡ (‡). Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... A piece of HTML code with syntax highlighting In computing, HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language designed for the creation of web pages with hypertext and other information to be displayed in a web browser. ...

The Tape de bouche of the Rubis features the Cross of Lorraine in honour of the Free French eponymous submarine.

The electronic music band Psychic TV, more specifically Genesis P-Orridge, produced a "sigil" which is very similar to the "Cross of Lorraine." Psychic TV logo Image File history File links Tape-rubis. ... Image File history File links Tape-rubis. ... The Rubis is a first-generation nuclear attack submarines of the French Navy, named after the French submarine Rubis which distinguished herself during the Second World War. ... Electronic music is a term for music created using electronic devices. ... Psychic TV (sometimes spelt Psychick TV) or PTV, is primarily an electronic music group that occasionally forays into psychedelic, punk, and experimental music. ... Genesis P-Orridge (born Neil Andrew Megson February 22, 1950, or May 22, 1949), is an English performer, musician, writer and artist. ... An example of a sigil. ...

Controversial noise musician and one-time LaVeyan Satanist Boyd Rice has also adopted the Cross of Lorraine as a symbol, explicity because of its hermetic associations. [1] Noise music is music that uses sounds regarded as unpleasant or painful under normal circumstances. ... Anton Szandor LaVey Anton Szandor LaVey (born Howard Stanton Levey on 11 April 1930 – 29 October 1997), was the founder and High Priest of the Church of Satan, and author of The Satanic Bible. ... LaVeyan Satanism is a religion based upon the philosophy of Dr. Anton Szandor LaVey as outlined in The Satanic Bible and other works. ... Boyd Rice in Portugal, 2004. ... Hermes Trismegistus depicted as Caucasian in a medieval rendering. ...

Marilyn Manson is adopting a slightly different version of the Lorraine Cross for his brand new art movement: The Celebritarian Corporation, as well as his new album soon to be named. This article is about the band Marilyn Manson. For its lead singer of the same name, see Marilyn Manson (person). ...

See also

• Kotwica, the symbol of the Polish Secret State