Cropping refers to the removal of the outer parts of an image to improve framing, accentuate subject matter or change aspect ratio. Depending on the application, this may be performed on a physical photograph, artwork or film footage, or achieved digitally using image editing software. The term is common to the film, broadcasting, photographic, graphic design and printing industries. The term framing can have several possible meanings: framing (telecommunication), where it relates to synchronization framing (economics), where it relates to rational choice theory framing (World Wide Web), where it relates to the use of multiple panes within a web page framing (communication theory), where it relates to the contextual... The aspect ratio of a two-dimensional shape is the ratio of its longer dimension to its shorter dimension. ... Sun SPARCstation 1+, 25mhz RISC processor from early 1990s A workstation, such as a Unix workstation, RISC workstation or engineering workstation, is a high-end desktop or deskside microcomputer designed for technical applications. ... Image editing encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they be digital photographs, traditional analog photographs, or illustrations. ... Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ... Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. ... Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. ... Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or sensor. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Offset lithography printing process Offset printing is a widely used printing technique where the inked image is transferred (or offset) from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface. ...

Cropping in photography, print & design

Wide view, uncropped photograph

Cropped version, accentuating subject

In the printing, graphic design and photography industries, cropping refers to removing unwanted areas from a photographic or illustrated image. One of the most basic photo manipulation processes, it is performed in order to remove an unwanted subject or irrelevant detail from a photo, change its aspect ratio, or to improve the overall composition. It is considered one of the few editing actions permissable in modern photojournalism along with tonal balance, colour correction and sharpening. A crop made from the top and bottom of a photograph may produce an aspect which mimics the panoramic format (in photography) and the widescreen format in cinematography and broadcasting. Both of these formats are not cropped as such, rather the product of highly specialised optical configuration and camera design. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 448 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 560 pixel, file size: 202 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Please be aware that, in order to secure a release for commercial use, you should contact me first. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 448 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 560 pixel, file size: 202 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Please be aware that, in order to secure a release for commercial use, you should contact me first. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into image (disambiguation). ... Photo manipulation is the technique of modifying a photographic image by either analog or digital means. ... A photograph (often just called a photo) is an image (or a representation of that on e. ... Composition is the plan, placement or arrangement of the elements of art in a work. ... Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that creates images in order to tell a news story. ... Screen Capture of Adobe Photoshops Unsharp Mask Filter. ... Panoramic photography is a style of photography that aims to create images with exceptionally wide fields of view, but has also come to refer to any photograph that is cropped to a relatively wide aspect ratio (see Panoramic format) While there is no formal definition for the point at which... The inner box (green) is the format used in most pre-1952 films and pre-widescreen television. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. ...

Cropping in cinematography & broadcasting

In certain circumstances, film footage may be cropped to change it from one aspect ratio to another, without stretching the image or filling the blank spaces with letterbox bars (fig. 2). A 2. ...

Aspect ratio concerns are a major issue in film making. Rather than cropping, the ciniematographer traditionally uses mattes to increase the latitude for alternative aspect ratios in projection and broadcast. Anamorphic optics (such as Panavision lenses) produce a full-frame, horizonatally compressed image from which broadcasters and projectionists can matte a number of alternative aspect ratios without cropping relevant image detail. Without this, widescreen reproduction, especially for television broadcasting, is dependent upon a variety of soft matting techniques such as letterboxing, which involves varying degrees of image cropping [1](see figures 2, 3 and 4) Filmmaking is the act of making a movie using a film recording medium. ... Matte refers to the following: the surface surrounding a framed picture, between the picture itself and the frame; usually made from coloured card a surface with a non-glossy finish (also matt or mat) a filmmaking technique a smelted sulfide material in extractive metallurgy a form of the name Matthew... Anamorphic format is a term which can be used either for the cinematography technique of capturing a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film, or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio, or a photographic projection format in which the original image requires an optical anamorphic... Panavision is a motion picture equipment company specializing in camera, lens, and grip equipment, along with related accessories. ... Categories: Stub ...

Since the advent of widescreen television, a similar process (not illustrated below) removes large chunks from the top & bottom to make a standard 4:3 image fit a 16:9 one, losing 25% of the original image. This process has become standard in the United Kingdom^{[citation needed]}, in TV shows where many archive clips are used, which gives them a zoomed-in, cramped image with significantly reduced resolution. This is nonetheless preferred to a process called pillarboxing, where black bands are placed down the sides of the screen, allowing the origial image to be shown full-frame within the wider aspect ratio (fig. 6). See this article for a fuller description of the problem.

The inner box (green) is the format used in most pre-1952 films and pre-widescreen television. ... A 2. ... The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y or x×y, with the joining colon or multiplication symbol articulated as the preposition by or sometimes to). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3...

Typical cropping in cinematographic and broadcast applications

Figure 1: 2.35:1 original image with widescreen aspect ratio, showing alternative aspect ratios Download high resolution version (1280x544, 324 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...	Figure 2: 2.35:1 image with letterbox resized to 4:3, the whole image is visible Download high resolution version (1280x958, 328 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...	Figure 3: 1.85:1 image with letterbox resized to 4:3. Typical 16:9 image, the outer edges of the image is not visible Download high resolution version (1280x742, 326 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Figure 4: 1.55:1 image with letterbox resized to 4:3. A compromise between 16:9 and 4:3, often broadcast in the UK Download high resolution version (1280x632, 325 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...	Figure 5: 1.33:1 image without letterbox, because it is cropped to 4:3, losing much of the original Download high resolution version (1280x544, 318 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...	Figure 6: A pillarboxed image, allowing the full 4:3 frame to be viewed within a cropped 16:9 widescreen Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

External Links

Cropping & Resizing- Image Cropping & Resizing Resource