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Encyclopedia > Cross bottony
A Greek cross (all arms of equal length) above a saltire, a cross rotated by 45 degrees
A famous Armenian khachkar at Goshavank (Notice the cross).

A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other , dividing one or two of the lines in half. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally; if they run diagonally, the design is technically termed a saltire. Image File history File links Cross2. ... Image File history File links Cross2. ... The arms of St Albans: Azure, a saltire Or (a gold saltire on a blue field) For The Saltire (proper noun) see Flag of Scotland. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2112x2816, 4036 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Khachkar Goshavank Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2112x2816, 4036 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Khachkar Goshavank Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Khachkar or Khatchkar (Ô½Õ¡Õ¹Ö„Õ¡Ö€ in Armenian, meaning cross-stone) is a carved memorial stone, typically found in Armenia. ... Goshavank Monastery Goshavank (Armenian: , meaning Monastery of Gosh), is a monastery located in a village of Armenia named Gosh (Tavush marz), was originally known as Nor-Getik. ... Cross, crossing or to cross can have one of the following meetings. ... The arms of St Albans: Azure, a saltire Or (a gold saltire on a blue field) For The Saltire (proper noun) see Flag of Scotland. ...


The cross is one of the most ancient human symbols, and is used by many religions, most notably Christianity. It is frequently a representation of the division of the world into four elements (or cardinal points), or alternately as the union of the concepts of divinity, the vertical line, and the world, the horizontal line (Koch, 1955). Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Chinese Wood (木) | Fire (火) Earth (土) | Metal (金) | Water (水) Japanese Earth (地) | Water (水) | Fire (火) | Air / Wind (風) | Void / Sky / Heaven (空) Hinduism and Buddhism Vayu / Pavan — Air / Wind Agni / Tejas — Fire Akasha — Aether Prithvi / Bhumi — Earth Ap / Jala — Water “The Four Elements” redirects here. ... A compass rose showing the cardinal directions Cardinal directions or cardinal points are the four principal directions or points of the compass in plane. ... Divinity has a number of related uses in the field of religious belief and study. ... Antarctica Oceania Africa Asia Europe North America South America Middle East Caribbean Central Asia East Asia North Asia South Asia Southeast Asia SW. Asia Australasia Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Central America Latin America Northern America Americas C. Africa E. Africa N. Africa Southern Africa W. Africa C. Europe E. Europe N...

Contents

Etymology

The word cross was introduced to English in the 10th century as the term for the instrument of the torturous execution of Christ (gr. stauros', xy'lon), gradually replacing rood, ultimately from Latin crux, via Old Irish cros. Originally, both 'rood' and 'crux' referred simply to any "pole," the later shape associated with the term being based on church tradition, rather than etymology. The word can nowadays refer to the geometrical shape unrelated to its Christian significance from the 15th century. A rood is an old English ( Anglo-Saxon) unit equal to quarter an acre, i. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language which can be more or less fully reconstructed from extant sources. ...


History

It is not known when the first cross image was made; after circles, crosses are one of the first symbols drawn by children of all cultures. There are many cross-shaped incisions in European cult caves, dating back to the earliest stages of human cultural development in the stoneage. Like other symbols from this period, their use continued in the Celtic cultures in Europe. For example, celtic coins minted many centuries before the Christian era may have an entire side showing this type of cross, sometimes with the five cardinal points marked by concave depressions in the same style as in stoneage carvings. Other coins may be showing the cross held by a rider on a horse and springing forth a fern leaf, sometimes identified as a Tree of Life symbol. These early sun crosses or celtic crosses have nothing to do with later Christian ones. Petroglyphs on Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument, southern Utah, USA Petroglyphs are images created by removing part of a rock surfaces by incising, pecking, carving, and abrading. ... Stone Age fishing hook. ... This article is about the European people. ... The Tree-of-Life is a fictional plant (the ancestor of yams, with similar appearance and taste) in Larry Nivens Known Space universe, for which all Hominids have an in-built genetic craving. ... A Caddo solar cross, to Southeastern Native Americans a symbol of both the sun and fire. ... Celtic cross For Celtic Cross, the ambient/dub band see Celtic Cross (band) A Celtic cross is a symbol that combines the cross with a ring surrounding the intersection. ...


As markings

Written crosses are used for many different purposes, particularly in mathematics.

A cross is often used as a check mark because it can be clearer, easier to create with an ordinary pen or pencil, and less obscuring of the text or image that is already present than a large dot. It also allows marking a position more accurately than a large dot. The system of Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, and was adapted from Etruscan numerals. ... 10 (ten) is an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. ... For other uses, see X (disambiguation). ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... For other uses, see X (disambiguation). ... Its name in English is tee . ... Chinese numerals are characters for writing numbers in Chinese. ... A dagger (†, †, U+2020) is a typographical symbol or glyph. ... 3 + 2 = 5 with apples, a popular choice in textbooks[1] Addition is the mathematical operation of combining or adding two numbers to obtain an equal simple amount or total. ... In mathematics, multiplication is an elementary arithmetic operation. ... The integers are commonly denoted by the above symbol. ... Coprime - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Modular arithmetic (sometimes called modulo arithmetic, or clock arithmetic because of its use in the 24-hour clock system) is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers wrap around after they reach a certain value — the modulus. ... This picture illustrates how the hours in a clock form a group. ... A tick (known as a checkmark or check in American English) is a mark (✓) used to indicate the concept yes, for example yes, this has been verified or yes, I agree. Its opposite is the cross (✗), although the cross can also be positive, for example in elections. ...


A large cross through a text often means that it is wrong or should be considered deleted.


As emblems and symbols

Cross Name Description Picture
Ankh

Also known as the Key of the Nile, the Looped Tau Cross, and the Ansated Cross. It was an Ancient Egyptian symbol of life. Sometimes given a Latin name if it appears in specifically Christian contexts, such as the crux ansata ("handled cross"). Ankh The ankh (pronunced // in English, symbol ) was the Egyptian hieroglyphic character that stood for the word , meaning life. ... Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ... For other uses, see Life (disambiguation). ...

Image File history File links Ankh. ...

Canterbury cross

Used in the Anglican Churches. It has four arms of equal length, each widening at the outer end in a hammer shape so that their rims form a near circle. Each arm bears a triangular panel incised with a triquetra symbolizing the Trinity. In the center of the cross is a small square. The Saxon original dates from c. 850 A.D. and was excavated in 1867 in Canterbury, England. A stone replica can be found in Canterbury Cathedral and in several other Anglican cathedrals around the world. [1] [2] The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... Close-up of a triquetra on one of the Funbo Runestones. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      In Christianity, the doctrine... Canterbury is a cathedral city in east Kent in South East England and is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Primate of All England, head of the Church of England and of the worldwide Anglican Communion. ...

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Christian cross

Also known as the Latin cross or crux ordinaria. It is the most common symbol of Christianity, intended to represent the redeeming martyrdom of Jesus when he was crucified on the True Cross in the New Testament. The traditional form of the Western Christian cross, known as the Latin cross. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... According to Christian tradition, the True Cross is the cross upon which Jesus was crucified. ... John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ...

Image File history File links Christian_cross. ...

Coptic Cross

A small circle from which emanate four arms of equal length, with angled T shapes in the corner, cross-pieces outward, representing the nails used in Jesus' crucifixion. This cross receives its name from Coptic Christianity, which centered around Alexandria, Egypt. Jesus Christ in a Coptic icon. ...

Image File history File links Coptic-Cross. ...

Greek cross

Also known as the crux immissa quadrata. Has all arms of equal length.

Image File history File links Greek_cross. ...

Eastern cross

Used in the Eastern Orthodox Church. The top line is said to represent the headboard, and the bottom, slanted line represents the footrest, wrenched loose by Jesus' writhing in intense agony. The letters IC XC found at the end of the main arm of most Eastern Orthodox Crosses are a Christogram, representing the name of Jesus Christ. An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ... The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself as: the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus Christ and the Twelve Apostles, having maintained unbroken the link between its clergy and the Apostles by means of Apostolic Succession. ... A Christogram is a monogram or combination of letters which forms an abbreviation for the name of Jesus Christ, and is traditionally used as a Christian symbol. ...

Image File history File links Slavcross. ...

High cross

Free-standing Celtic crosses commonly found in Ireland and to a lesser extent in Great Britain, very common in churches and graveyards. High Cross, Dysert, Co. ... Celtic cross For Celtic Cross, the ambient/dub band see Celtic Cross (band) A Celtic cross is a symbol that combines the cross with a ring surrounding the intersection. ...

Image File history File links Ccross. ...

St. Brigid's Cross

This cross is found throughout Ireland. It is told that the cross was made by Brigid, daughter of a Pagan King from reeds to be used as an instrument of conversion. However, Brigid's name is derived from Brigit (also spelled Brigid, Brìghde, Brìde, and Bríde), a Celtic Goddess of fire, poetry, and smithcraft, and today the cross is used to protect houses from fire. This is an example of the integration of religious traditions. The cross itself derives from the Indo-European Swastika, or Solar Wheel St Brigids cross Brigids cross, Brighids cross, or Brigits cross, or (in Gaelic) Crosóg Brighde, though not recorded before the seventeenth century, is an Irish symbol that possibly derives from the pagan sunwheel. ...

Image File history File links St_Brigid. ...

Labarum

Constantine I's Labarum is also known as a Chrismon, Chi-Rho (from the two Greek letters that make it up) or monogram of the name Jesus Christ. Several other forms of Chrismons exist. The Labarum An image of the labarum, with the Greek letters Alpha and Omega inscribed. ... For other uses, see Constantine I (disambiguation). ... A Christogram is a monogram or combination of letters which forms an abbreviation for the name of Jesus Christ, and is traditionally used as a Christian symbol. ...

Image File history File links Image of the labarum from Nordisk Familjebok, public domain. ...

Lebanese Forces Cross

Inspired from the eastern crosses, it symbolizes three things:

  1. The cross of the savior Jesus Christ in red, the sign of martyrdom and glory.
  2. The bearing cross of the Lebanese Christians, the sign of their suffering throughout history.
  3. The diagonal cut at the base of the cross symbolizes the strength of the Lebanese Christians’ will, and their determination to keep the cross planted in their region of the world.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Lorraine Cross

Used in heraldry. It is similar to a patriarchal cross, but usually has one bar near the bottom and one near the top, rather than having both near the top. Is part of the heraldic arms of Lorraine in eastern France. It was originally held to be a symbol of Joan of Arc, renowned for her perseverance against foreign invaders of France. Cross of Lorraine The Cross of Lorraine, ‡, is a heraldic cross, the double cross, consists of a vertical line, crossed by two smaller horizontal bars. ... Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. ... Patriarchal cross Websters 1913 dictionary defines the patriarchial cross as a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. ...

Cross of Lorraine uploaded from the French Version, under GNU File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Marian Cross

Etched on the casket of Pope John Paul II, the Marian Cross is a Catholic adaptation of the traditional Latin cross to emphasize Catholic devotion to Mary. The Marian Cross The Marian Cross is an informal name applied to a Roman Catholic cross design. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland – April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as... The term Virgin Mary has several different meanings: Mary, the mother of Jesus, the historical and multi-denominational concept of Mary Blessed Virgin Mary, the Roman Catholic theological and doctrinal concept of Mary Marian apparitions shrines to the Virgin Mary Virgin Mary in Islam, the Islamic theological and doctrinal concept...

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 750 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1280 × 1024 pixel, file size: 31 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An image of the Marian Cross created in Microsoft Paint. ...

Nordic Cross

Used in flags descended from the Dannebrog. Nordic Cross Flag, Nordic Cross, Scandinavian Cross is a pattern of flags usually associated with the flags of the Scandinavian countries of which it originated. ... Flag of the Fédération internationale des associations vexillologiques. ... Nordic flags Nordic Cross Flag, Nordic Cross, Scandinavian Cross is a pattern of flags usually associated with the flags of the Scandinavian countries of which it originated. ...

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands. ...

Papal Cross

The three cross-bars represent the Roman Catholic Pope's triple role as Bishop of Rome, Patriarch of the West, and successor of St. Peter, Chief of the Apostles. The top of the Popes Cross, standing in the Phoenix Park. ...

Image File history File links PopesCross. ...

Patriarchal cross

Similar to a traditional Christian cross, but with an additional, smaller crossbar above the main one meant to represent all the Orthodox Christian Archbishops and Patriarchs. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, this cross is sometimes seen with an additional, slanted bar near the foot of the cross (see Byzantine Cross). This cross is similar to the Lorraine Cross and the Caravaca Cross. Patriarchal cross Websters 1913 dictionary defines the patriarchial cross as a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. ...

Image File history File links Patriarchal_cross. ...

Presbyterian Cross

Used by Presbyterian denominations. Presbyterianism is part of the Reformed churches family of denominations of Christian Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin which traces its institutional roots to the Scottish Reformation, especially as led by John Knox. ...

Image File history File links USVA_headstone_emb-04. ...

Red Cross

Used as a symbol for medical care in most of the world, the Red Crescent being used in Islamic countries and the Magen David Adom in Israel. The symbols of the Movement - The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems at the museum in Geneva. ... The symbols of the Movement - The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems at the museum in Geneva. ... The Magen David Adom emblem The Magen David Adom (Hebrew: ‎) is Israels national emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service. ...

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Red_Cross. ...

Cross of Sacrifice

A Latin cross with a superimposed sword, blade down. It is a symbol used by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission at the site of many war memorials. Cross of Sacrifice The Cross of Sacrifice was designed by Sir Reginald Blomfield for the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and is the focal point of the numerous cemetaries honoring the war dead of World War I that dot the countryside of the Western Front, and as far afield as Kranji... The Azmak Cemetery, near Suvla Bay, Turkey, contains the graves of some of the soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign. ...

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1385x2265, 316 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Cross Christian cross Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cross of Sacrifice User:Redvers/Gallery ...

Flag of Queen Tamar

Used in Georgia as national flag, first used by Georgian King Vakhtang Gorgasali in 5th century and later adopted by Queen Tamar of Georgia in 13th century. The flag depicts a Jerusalem cross, adopted during the reign of George V of Georgia who drove out the Mongols from Georgia in 1334. Tamar (Georgian: თამარი; 1160–1213), from the House of Bagrationi, was Queen of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. ... Saint King Vakhtang I Gorgasali (440 – 502) was the Georgian king (mepe) of Kartli (Iberia) in 452–502 who led a lengthy anti-Persian liberation war and founded Tbilisi, Georgia’s modern capital city. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Tamar (Georgian: თამარი; 1160–1213), from the House of Bagrationi, was Queen of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Giorgi V the Brilliant George V, the “Brilliant” (Georgian: გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე, Giorgi V Brtskinvale; also translated as the Illustrious, or Magnificent) (born 1286 or 1289 – died 1346) was King of Georgia from 1299 to 1302 and again from 1314 until his death. ... The name Mongols (Mongolian: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups. ... Events Births January 4 - Amadeus VI of Savoy, Count of Savoy (died 1383) January 13 - King Henry II of Castile (died 1379) May 25 - Emperor Suko of Japan, third of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders (died 1398) August 30 - King Peter I of Castile (died 1369) James I of Cyprus (died...

Image File history File links Flag_of_Georgia. ...

Saint Andrew's Cross

Used in Scotland's national flag and the naval ensign of the Russian Navy, it is also called the Saltire, the Boundary Cross (because it was used by the Romans as a barrier) and the crux decussata. Saint Andrew is believed to have suffered a martyr's death on such a cross, hence its name. The cross does not have to be at this particular angle to qualify as a saltire; the symbol X can also be considered a St. Andrew's Cross. The Saltire (or St Andrews Cross) is the national flag of Scotland. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II... The Russian Navy (Russian: Военно-Морской Флот (ВМФ) - Voyenno- Morskoy Flot (VMF) or Military Maritime Fleet) is the naval arm of the Russian armed forces. ... The arms of St Albans: Azure, a saltire Or (a gold saltire on a blue field) For The Saltire (proper noun) see Flag of Scotland. ... Saint Andrew (Greek: Ανδρέας, Andreas), called in the Orthodox tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Apostle and the younger brother of Saint Peter. ... For other uses, see X (disambiguation). ...

Image File history File links Flag_of_Scotland. ...

St George's Cross

Used in England's national flag. St Georges cross The St Georges Cross is a red cross on a white background. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area...

Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ...

Saint Peter's Cross

An upside-down Latin cross, based on a tradition that holds that Saint Peter was martyred by being crucified upside-down. Today it is often associated with anti-Christian or Satanic groups. St. ... Saint Peter, also known as Simon ben Jonah/BarJonah, Simon Peter, Cephas and Kepha — original name Simon or Simeon (Acts 15:14) — was one of the Twelve Apostles whom Jesus chose as his original disciples. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Image File history File links Peter's_Cross. ...

Skull and crossbones

Not a cross as such, but a saltire made of bones, with an overlaid skull. While traditionally associated with pirates, it was actually relatively rarely used by them, each ship having its own design, often involving an hourglass. EU standard toxic symbol, as defined by Directive 67/548/EEC. A skull and crossbones (☠) is a symbol consisting of a human skull and two bones crossed together under the skull. ... Look up pirate and piracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Hourglass in wooden stand An hourglass, also known as a sandglass or sand timer, is a device for the measurement of time. ...

Sun cross

Also known as the Sunwheel, solar cross or Odin's cross, because Odin's symbol in Norse mythology was a cross in a circle. Used throughout Native American culture to represent the great Medicine Wheel of life. Image File history File links Skull_and_crossbones. ... A Caddo solar cross, to Southeastern Native Americans a symbol of both the sun and fire. ... For other meanings of Odin, Woden or Wotan see Odin (disambiguation), Woden (disambiguation), Wotan (disambiguation). ... Norse or Scandinavian mythology comprises the pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, including those who settled on Iceland, where the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled. ... Olmec script These glyphs written in Epi-Olmec script, the earliest examples of writing in the Americas, give a calendar date of 7. ...

Image File history File links Simple_crossed_circle. ...

Tau Cross

Also known as Saint Anthony's Cross, the Egyptian Cross and the crux commissa. It is shaped like the letter T. Francis of Assisi used it as his signature. The Tau cross The Cross of Tau; also called the Tau Cross, St. ... Saint Anthony may be: Saints Anthony the Great (251–356) Saint Anthony of Lisbon (also of Padua) (1195–1231) Anthony of Kiev (? - 1073) Groups Order of St. ... Its name in English is tee . ... Saint Francis of Assisi (1182—October 3, 1226) was a Roman Catholic friar and the founder of the Order of Friars Minor, more commonly known as the Franciscans. ...

Image File history File links Te_cross. ...

Thieves' Cross

Also known as the Furka Cross. The fork, shaped like the letter Y. [3] Assorted forks. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Mariner's Cross

The Mariner's Cross is a stylized cross in the shape of an anchor. The Mariner's Cross is also referred to as St. Clement's Cross in reference to the way he was martyred. A stocked ships anchor. ... A Greek cross (all arms of equal length) above a saltire, a cross rotated by 45 degrees For other uses, see Cross (disambiguation). ... Pope Clement I, the bishop of Rome from roughly 88-98 AD who is also called Clement of Rome and Clemens Romanus, is considered to be the fourth pope, after Anacletus, according to Catholic tradition. ...

Image File history File links Mariner's_Cross. ...

Bent cross

Also known as the swastika and Crux Gammata, it is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles in either left-facing or right-facing direction. The swastika is a holy symbol in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. In the West, it is more widely known as a symbol of Nazism. It is also used in Heathenry. It is traditionally oriented so that a main line is horizontal, though it is occasionally rotated at forty-five degrees, and the Hindu version is often decorated with a dot in each quadrant. The Nazi swastika always faces right, which has led to the decreased use of the right-facing version of this cross as religious symbols outside of India. They are now mostly left-facing. A right-facing Swastika in a decorative Hindu form The swastika (from Sanskrit ) is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing () or left-facing () forms. ... Hinduism (known as in some modern Indian languages[1]) is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. ... Jain and Jaina redirect here. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... The Mjolnir is one of the primary symbols of Germanic neopaganism. ...

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Persian cross

Carved into mountainside at the site of the tombs of the Achaemenian Kings A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars intersecting each other at a 90° angle, dividing one or two of the lines in half. ...

Image File history File links This image is copyrighted. ...

Order of Christ Cross

Cross originally used by the Portuguese Order of Christ. Since then it has become a symbol of Portugal, used on the sails of the carracks during the Discoveries Era, and currently by the Portuguese Air Force. Order of Christ Cross The Order of Christ Cross is the emblem of the historical Order of Christ, (also called Christs Knights Order), Portugal. ... The Seal of the Grand-Masters Evrard de Barres and Regnaud de Vichier depict the Dome of the ROCK. The Order of Christ was the heritage of the Templar Knights. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... For additional context, see History of Portugal and Portuguese Empire. ... Era may refer to: Era, a long period of history ERA Real Estate, also known as Electronic Realty Associates Inc. ... The Portuguese Air Force or FAP (Força Aérea Portuguesa) is the air force of Portugal. ...

Image File history File links OrderOfCristCross. ...

In heraldry

These crosses are ones used exclusively or primarily in heraldry, and do not necessarily have any special meanings commonly associated with them. Crosses that are used in heraldry but also commonly in other contexts are not listed here. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. ...

Cross name Description Picture
The cross as heraldic "ordinary"

A simple heraldic cross (the default if there are no additional specifying words) has arms of roughly equal length, artistically proportioned to the particular shape of the shield, which extend to the edges of the shield. Illustrated is the blazon "Azure, a cross Or" (i.e. a gold cross on a blue shield). Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. ... This is an article about Heraldry. ...


A cross which does not extend to the edges of the shield is humetty, in heraldic terminology.

Image File history File links Azure-Cross-Or-Heraldry. ...

Cross barbée

Also known as the cross barby or arrow cross, this symbol consists of two double-ended arrows in a cross configuration. Best known today for its use by the fascist Arrow Cross Party in the 1930s, the symbol actually dates to ancient times and was used by Hungarian tribes in the Middle Ages. In Christian use, the ends of this cross resemble the barbs of fish hooks, or fish spears. This alludes to the Ichthys symbol of Christ, and is suggestive of the "fishers of men" theme in the Gospel. Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... Flag of the Arrow Cross Party Senior members of the Arrow Cross Party. ... Face The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The ichthys or fish symbol represents Christianity Ichthys (Greek: ; also transliterated and latinized as ichthys, icthus, ichthus or ikhthus; ichthus, spelled: Iota Chi Theta Upsilon Sigma), is the Ancient and Classical Greek word for fish. ... Christ is the English of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ... For other uses, see Gospel (disambiguation). ...

Cross bottony

A cross with the ends of the arms bottony (or botonny), i.e. shaped like an architectural trefoil. It occurs counterchanged on the flag of Maryland. Cross bottony Cross bottony on a shield In heraldry, bottony refers to a symbol having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. ... Architecture Architectural Trefoil (also a Christian symbol) Trefoil (from Latin trifolium, three-leaved plant, French trèfle, German Dreiblatt and Dreiblattbogen) is a term in Gothic architecture given to the ornamental foliation or cusping introduced in the heads of window-lights, tracery, panellings, etc. ... Flag of Maryland The flag of Maryland consists of the heraldic banners of the family of George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. ...

Image File history File links Cross-Bottony-Heraldry. ...

Cross cercelée

A cross which, opening at the ends, turns round both ways, like a ram's horns. Cross Cercelée Cercelée, or Sarcelly, is a term in heraldry. ... Binomial name Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 The domestic sheep (Ovis aries), the most common species of the sheep genus (Ovis), is a woolly ruminant quadruped which probably descends from the wild mouflon of south-central and south-west Asia. ...

Image File history File links Cross_Cercelée. ...

Cross crosslet

A cross with the ends of each arm crossed.

Image File history File links Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry. ...

Crusaders' cross

Also known as the Jerusalem cross. This cross was the symbol of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, which existed for almost two hundred years after the First Crusade. The four smaller crosses are said to symbolize either the four books of the Gospel or the four directions in which the Word of Christ spread from Jerusalem. Alternately, all five crosses can symbolize the five wounds of Christ during the Passion. This symbol is also used in the flag of Georgia. This article is about the medieval crusades. ... Official language Latin, French, Italian, and other western languages; Greek and Arabic also widely spoken Capital Jerusalem, later Acre Constitution Various laws, so-called Assizes of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The official flag of Georgia is the five-cross flag, restored to official use on January 14, 2004 after a break of some 500 years. ...

Image File history File links Summary The Crusaders Cross Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Cross flory

A cross with the ends of the arms flory (or fleury), having a shape like a fleur-de-lys. Fleur de Lys is a Canadian superheroine created in 1984 by Mark Shainblum and Gabriel Morrissette. ...

Image File history File links Cross-Flory-Heraldry. ...

Cross fourchee

One form of the heraldic cross fourchee (fourchée, fourchy) or cross fourche (meaning "forked").

Image File history File links Cross-Fourchee-Heraldry. ...

Jerusalem cross

A variant of the Crusaders' cross with cross potent.

Image File history File links Cross-Jerusalem-Potent-Heraldry. ...

Maltese cross

With arms which narrow towards the center, and are indented at the ends. The "eight-pointed cross" (with no curved lines). The Maltese Cross (✠) has been the symbol of the Christian warrior since the First Crusade. ...

Image File history File links Maltese-Cross-Heraldry. ...

Cross moline

In a cross moline, the ends of the arms are split and curved back. A cross moline The Cross Moline is a difference, or mark of cadency in English heraldry. ...

Image File history File links Cross-Moline-Heraldry. ...

Cross patonce

A cross patonce is more or less intermediate between a cross pattée and a cross flory (or fleury).

Image File history File links Cross-Patonce-Heraldry. ...

Cross pattée

A cross pattee (pattée, patty) has arms narrowing towards the centre, but with non-indented ends. See also Iron Cross. Heraldic cross pattee A cross having arms with curving edges, narrow at the inner center, and very broad at the outer end. ... A stylized version of the Iron Cross, the emblem of the Bundeswehr, Germanys Armed Forces. ...

Image File history File links Cross-Pattee-Heraldry. ...

Cross pommee

A cross pommee (pommée, pommy) has a circular knob at the end of each arm.

Image File history File links Cross-Pommee-Heraldry. ...

Cross potent

This cross has a crossbar at the end of each of its arms. "Potent" is an old word for a crutch, and is used in heraldic terminology to describe a T shape.

Image File history File links Cross-Potent-Heraldry. ...

Quadrate

A cross with a square at the intersection point.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Cross triple parted and fretted

In heraldry, a "cross triple parted and fretted" (or "treble parted and fretted") is interlaced. Here, a version which is "Or on an Azure field" (gold on blue) is shown.

Image File history File links Cross-Triple-Parted-Fretted-Or. ...

Cross voided

A "cross voided throughout", also known as the Gammadia, can be seen as a Greek cross with its centre lines removed, or as composed of four angles (L shapes) separated by a thin space. So the name "gammadia" refers to its being made up of four shapes similar to a capital Greek letter gamma; the word gammadion can also refer to a swastika. Gamma (uppercase Γ, lowercase γ) is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. ... A right-facing Swastika in a decorative Hindu form The swastika (from Sanskrit ) is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing () or left-facing () forms. ...

Image File history File links Cross-Voided. ...

Cross of St James

The Cross of St. James,, similar to a Cross Flory Fitch, is formed by a Cross Flory, where the lower part is fashioned as a sword blade (fitched)—making this a cross of a warrior. It is most frequently depicted in red. (The version depicted here is the one used by the order of Santiago.) The Cross of St. ... A Greek cross (all arms of equal length) above a saltire, a cross rotated by 45 degrees A famous Armenian khachkar at Goshavank (Notice the cross). ... 17th century interpretation of saint James as the Moor-killer from the Peruvian school of Cuzco. ...

Image File history File links Cross_Santiago. ...

There are numerous other variations on the cross in heraldry. See heraldry for background information. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. ...


See also: Anchored Cross, Fylfot Anchored cross The Anchored Cross is a symbol which is shaped like a plus sign with anchor-like protrusions at the end of each arm, hence the name Anchored Cross. ... Notional arms – Argent a fylfot azure (a blue fylfot on a white shield) – exemplifying the design of the fylfot commonly shown in modern heraldry texts. ...


The semi-classic book A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry by James Parker (1894) is online, and contains much information about variants of crosses used in heraldry.


In flags

Flag of Georgia, a variant of the Jerusalem cross.

Several flags have crosses, including all the nations of Scandinavia, whose crosses are known as Scandinavian crosses, and many nations in the Southern Hemisphere, which incorporate the Southern Cross. The Flag of Switzerland since the 17th century has displayed an equilateral cross in a square (the only square flag of a sovereign state apart from the Flag of the Vatican City); the Red Cross emblem was based on the Swiss flag. The flag of Georgia displays a red Jerusalem cross, and can also be described as a St George cross accompanied by four crosslets. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings (a form of jargon). ... This is a gallery of flags which use the cross as a feature of their design. ... Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe and includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings (a form of jargon). ... southern hemisphere highlighted in yellow (Antarctica not depicted). ... CRUX is a lightweight, i686-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users. ... The flag of Switzerland. ... This is a gallery of flags which use squares as features of their design. ... National flag. ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The official flag of Georgia is the five-cross flag, restored to official use on January 14, 2004 after a break of some 500 years. ...


Other noteworthy crosses

The Crux, or Southern Cross, is a cross-shaped constellation in the Southern Hemisphere. CRUX is a lightweight, i686-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users. ... Southern Cross is the English name of Crux Australis, a constellation visible in the Southern Hemisphere. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... southern hemisphere highlighted in yellow (Antarctica not depicted). ...


The tallest cross, at 152.4 metres high, is part of Francisco Franco's monumental "Valley of the Fallen", the Monumento Nacional de Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caidos in Spain. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892–20 November[1] 1975), commonly abbreviated to Francisco Franco (pron. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos. ...


The tallest cross in the United States, at 198 feet (60.3 m) tall, is allegedly located in Effingham, Illinois, at the junction of Interstates 57 and 70. The current version of this article or section is written in an informal style and with a personally invested tone. ...


See also

In its simplest form, multiplication is a quick way of adding identical numbers. ... The traditional form of the Western Christian cross, known as the Latin cross. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... The Cross and Crown is a traditional christian symbol (a cross passing through a crown), appearing in many churches (especially Roman Catholic), that has also been used in heraldry [1] [2]. It is often interpreted as a symbolizing the reward in heaven (the crown) coming after the trials in this... United States rail crossing with crossbucks (Look on the top of the pole in the foreground). ...

References

  • Koch, Rudolf (1955). The Book of Signs. Dover, NY. ISBN 0-486-20162-7.
  • Webber, F. R. (1927, rev 1938). Church Symbolism: an explanation of the more important symbols of the Old and New Testament, the primitive, the mediaeval and the modern church. Cleveland, OH. OCLC 236708.

OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ...

External links

  • MSN Encarta article
  • Columbia Encyclopedia article
  • Variations of Crosses - Images and Meanings
  • Information about Crosses (Seiyaku.com)
  • www.christiansymbols.net 22 pages of images and meanings.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
crosses

  Results from FactBites:
 
Cross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1688 words)
The cross doesn't have to be at this particular angle to qualify as a saltire; the symbol X can also be considered a St. Andrew's Cross.
A simple heraldic cross (the default if there are no additional specifying words) has arms of roughly equal length, artistically proportioned to the particular shape of the shield, which extend to the edges of the shield.
The Crux, or Southern Cross, is a cross-shaped a constellation in the Southern Hemisphere.
cross - definition by dict.die.net (1751 words)
Cross and pile, a game with money, at which it is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up which bears the cross, or the other, which is called pile, or reverse; the game called heads or tails.
Cross reference, a reference made from one part of a book or register to another part, where the same or an allied subject is treated of.
Cross wires, fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a telescope, and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for delicate astronomical observations; spider lines.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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