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Encyclopedia > Crotalinae

{{Taxobox[[{| class="wikitable" |-

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|} |}]]| [[Image:[[Media:Failed to parse (unknown error): == <nowiki>#REDIRECT [[<sup><small>[ == == == [[Image:[[Image:[[Media:[[Media:#REDIRECT [[#REDIRECT [[#REDIRECT [[ ---- ---- <math><math><math>[[Media:[[Media: == == == == == == [[[[[[color = pink]]]]]] == == == == == ==]]]] </math></math>]]]]]]]]]]]]]] == == ==]]]</nowiki> ==</math>]]]] | name = Crotalinae | image = TimberRattler.jpg | image_caption = Timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | subphylum = Vertebrata | classis = Reptilia | ordo = Squamata | subordo = Serpentes | familia = Viperidae | subfamilia = Crotalinae | subfamilia_authority = Oppel, 1811 | synonyms = * Crotalini - Oppel, 1811 Trinomial name Crotalus horridus Linnaeus, 1758 Crotalus horridus is a venomous rattlesnake species commonly known as the timber rattlesnake. ... Animalia redirects here. ... Typical Classes See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Classes and Clades See below Male and female Superb Fairy-wren Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns. ... Subclasses Anapsida Diapsida Synonyms Reptilia Laurenti, 1768 Reptiles are tetrapods and amniotes, animals whose embryos are surrounded by an amniotic membrane, and members of the class Sauropsida. ... Suborders Lacertilia- Lizards Serpentes - Snakes Amphisbaenia - Worm lizards This article is about the Squamata order of reptiles. ... Families Acrochordidae Aniliidae Anomalepididae Anomochilidae Atractaspididae Boidae Bolyeriidae Colubridae Cylindrophiidae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Leptotyphlopidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Typhlopidae Uropeltidae Viperidae Xenopeltidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. ... Subfamilies Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) The Viperidae family is made up of two subfamilies: Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) Categories: Stub | Snakes ... Nicolaus Michael Oppel (December 7, 1782–February 16, 1820) was a German naturalist. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

  • Crotales - Cuvier, 1817
  • Crotalidae - Gay, 1825
  • Crotaloidae - Fitzinger, 1826
  • Cophiadae - Boie, 1827
  • Crotaloidei - Eichwald, 1831
  • Crotalina - Bonaparte, 1831
  • Bothrophes - Fitzinger, 1843
  • Crotalinae - Cope, 1860
  • Teleuraspides - Cope, 1871
  • Crotalida - Strauch, 1873
  • Bothrophera - Garman, 1884
  • Cophiinae - Cope, 1895
  • Lachesinae - Cope, 1900
  • Lachesinii - Smith, Smith & Sawin, 1977
  • Agkistrodontinii - Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
  • Agkistrodontini - Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983[1]

}}


Common names: pit-vipers.  
 
The Crotalinae, or crotalines, are a subfamily of venomous vipers. They are distinguished by their heat-sensing pit organs located between the eye and the nostril on either side of the head. 18 genera are currently recognized:[2] 7 in the Old World and 11 in the New World.[1] These are the only viperids found in the Americas. Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... A poisonous snake (properly, venomous snake) is a snake that uses saliva venom delivered through two fangs in its mouth to kill its prey. ... Subfamilies Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) The Viperidae family is made up of two subfamilies: Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) Categories: Stub | Snakes ... The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus; it includes Europe, Asia, and Africa (collectively known as Africa-Eurasia), plus surrounding islands. ... Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, c. ... Subfamilies Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) The Viperidae family is made up of two subfamilies: Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) Categories: Stub | Snakes ...

Contents

Description

Like all viperids, pit vipers all have a pair of relatively long, solenoglyphous (hollow) fangs that are used to inject mainly proteotoxic venom. The head has an obvious triangular shape and eyes have elliptical pupils. For further information, see Viperidae. Subfamilies Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) The Viperidae family is made up of two subfamilies: Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) Categories: Stub | Snakes ... Solenoglypha is a term that commonly refers to the group of venomous snakes that have tubular fangs positioned at the front of the jaw, namely the vipers. ... Proteolysis is the directed degradation (digestion) of proteins by cellular enzymes called proteases or by intramolecular digestion. ... Wasp stinger, with droplet of venom Venom or zootoxin (literally, animal poison) is any of a variety of poisons used by several groups of animal species, for the purpose of defense and hunting prey. ... Subfamilies Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) The Viperidae family is made up of two subfamilies: Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) Categories: Stub | Snakes ...

The pit organ is clearly visible between the eye and the nostril of this New Mexico ridge-nosed rattlesnake, Crotalus willardi obscurus.

Pit vipers are named after their specialized thermoreceptors: heat-sensitive organs located on either side of the head that look like small pits. These pits contain membranes sensitive to infrared radiation and allows the snakes to locate their prey based on temperature differences with their environment. To a pit viper, rodents and birds that are only fractionally warmer than their surroundings stand out even in complete darkness. Experiments have shown that, when deprived of their senses of sight and smell, these snakes can strike accurately at moving objects that are less than 0.2°C warmer than the background.[3] It would seem as though the pit organs work like a primitive pair of eyes, although it is not known whether the snake experiences this sense as a visual image or in some other fashion.[4] Since the crotalines, like most other viperids, are nocturnal ambush predators, this adaptation serves them particularly well. In an example of parallel evolution, only the boids have developed similar heat-sensitive organs. Head of a Mexican Ridged Nosed Rattlesnake with one of two distinctive cranial pits (thermoreceptors common to all pit vipers) visible between the nostril and eye. ... Head of a Mexican Ridged Nosed Rattlesnake with one of two distinctive cranial pits (thermoreceptors common to all pit vipers) visible between the nostril and eye. ... A thermoreceptor is a sensory receptor that responds to temperature, primarily within the innocuous range. ... In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is defined as transfer of thermal energy [1] Generally, heat is a form of energy transfer associated with the different motions of atoms, molecules and other particles that comprise matter when it is hot and when it is cold. ... In biology, an organ (Latin: organum, instrument, tool) is a group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions. ... Image of a small dog taken in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation. ... Suborders Sciuromorpha Castorimorpha Myomorpha Anomaluromorpha Hystricomorpha Rodentia is an order of mammals also known as rodents. ... “Aves” redirects here. ... A nocturnal animal is one that sleeps during the day and is active at night - the opposite of the human (diurnal) schedule. ... Boa Kwon (born November 5, 1986 in Guri, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) is a South Korean singer, commonly known by her stage name BoA. She is an active singer in both South Korea and Japan. ...


Crotalines range in size from small, such as the eyelash viper, Bothriechis schlegelii, with a maximum of 50 cm (20 inches), to the bushmaster, Lachesis muta, that grows to an imposing 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) and is the longest viper in the world. Binomial name Bothriechis schlegelii Bothriechis schlegelii is a venomous pit viper species commonly known as the eyelash viper. ... Binomial name Lachesis muta Linnaeus, 1766 The bushmaster (Lachesis muta) is a venomous snake of the viper family. ...


Geographic range

This family of snakes is found in the Old World from eastern Europe eastward through Asia to Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, peninsular India and Sri Lanka. In the Americas, they range from southern Canada southward through Mexico and Central America to southern South America.[1] The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus; it includes Europe, Asia, and Africa (collectively known as Africa-Eurasia), plus surrounding islands. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...


==Habitat==Link titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink title Image:Example.jpg Pit Vipers are a versatile group, with members found in habitats ranging from parched desert (e.g., rattlesnakes) to rainforests (e.g., the fer-de-lance, Bothrops atrox) and even aquatic settings (e.g., the water moccasin, Agkistrodon piscivorus). Species may be either arboreal or terrestrial, and some can even be found at elevations exceeding 1,000 metres. Image File history File links Example. ... Habitat (which is Latin for it inhabits) is the place where a particular species lives and grows. ... This article is about arid terrain. ... The Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia. ... Binomial name Bothrops atrox Linnaeus, 1758 Bothrops atrox is a highly venomous pit viper species native to South America. ... Binomial name Agkistrodon piscivorus Lacépède, 1789 Agkistrodon piscivorus is ass venomous pit viper species found in the United States. ... This article is about the biological organisms known as trees. ...


==Behavior==Link titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink titleLink title Image:Example.jpg Although a few species are highly active by day, such as Trimeresurus trigonocephalus, a bright green pit viper endemic to Sri Lanka, most are nocturnal, preferring to avoid scorching daytime temperatures and to hunt when their favored prey are also active. The snakes' heat-sensitive pits are also thought to aid in locating cooler areas in which to rest. Image File history File links Example. ... In biology and ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or biota, in contrast to cosmopolitan or introduced. ...


As ambush predators, crotalines will typically wait patiently somewhere for unsuspecting prey to wander by. At least one species, the arboreal Gloydius shedaoensis of China, is known to select a specific ambush site and return to it every year in time for the spring migration of birds. Studies have indicated that these snakes learn to improve their strike accuracy over time.[5] Image:Example.jpg Image File history File links Example. ...


Many temperate species (e.g. most rattlesnakes) will congregate in sheltered areas or dens to overwinter (see hibernation), the snakes benefitting from the combined heat. In cool temperatures and while pregnant vipers also bask on sunny ledges. Some species do not mass together in this way, for example the copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix, or the Mojave rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus. This article is about the process of hibernation in biology. ... Binomial name Agkistrodon contortrix Linnaeus, 1766 Synonyms Boa contortrix - Linnaeus, 1766 Scytale contortrix - Sonnini & Latreille, 1801 Scytale Cupreus - Rafinesque, 1818 Scytale cupreus - Say, 1819 Tisiphone cuprea - Fitzinger, 1826 [Cenchris] marmorata - F. Boie, 1827 Acontias atro-fuscus - Troost, 1836 [Toxicophis atro-fuscus] - Troost, 1836 T[rigonocephalus]. cenchris - Schlegel, 1837 Trigonocephalus Contortrix... Binomial name Crotalus scutulatus (Kennicott, 1861) Synonyms Caudisona scutulata - Kennicott, 1861 C[rotalus]. scutulatus - Cope In Yarrow In Wheeler, 1875 Crotalus adamanteus scutulatus - Cope, 1875 Crotalus scutulatus - Boulenger, 1896 Crotalus confluentus kellyi - Amaral, 1929 Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus - Gloyd, 1940[1] Common names: Mohave rattlesnake,[2][3][4] Mojave green,[3...


Like most snakes, crotalines keep to themselves and will strike only if cornered or threatened. Smaller snakes are less likely to stand their ground than are larger specimens. Pollution and the destruction of rainforests has caused many viper populations to decline. Humans also threaten vipers, as many vipers are hunted for their skins or killed by cars when they wander onto roads.


=Reproduction=Link title

With few exceptions, crotalines are ovoviviparous; that is, females give birth to live young. Among the oviparous (egg-laying) pit vipers are Lachesis, Calloselasma, and some Trimeresurus species. It is believed that all egg-laying crotalines guard their eggs. Ovoviviparous animals develop within eggs that remain within the mothers body up until they hatch or are about to. ... Lachesis is a genus of highly venomous pit vipers found in the remote, forested areas in Central and South America. ... Binomial name Calloselasma rhodostoma (Kuhl, 1824) Synonyms Tisiphone - Fitzinger, 1843 Leiolepis - AMC Duméril, 1853 Calloselasma - Cope, 1860[1] [Trigonocephalus] rhodostoma - Kuhl, 1824 [Trigonocephalus] rhodostoma - F. Boie, 1827 [Trigonocephalus] praetextatus - Gravenhorst, 1832 Tisiphone rhodostoma - Fitzinger, 1843 L[eiolepis]. rhodostoma - AMC Duméril, 1853 [Calloselasma] rhodostomus - Cope, 1860 T[isiphone]. rhodostoma... Trimeresurus is a genus of venomous pit vipers commonly known as bamboo vipers. ...


Brood sizes range from two for very small species, to as many as 86 for the fer-de-lance, Bothrops atrox: a species among the most prolific of all live-bearing snakes. Many young crotalines have brightly coloured tails that contrast dramatically with the rest of their bodies. Used in a behavior known as caudal luring, the young snakes make worm-like movements with their tails to lure unsuspecting prey within striking distance. Binomial name Bothrops atrox Linnaeus, 1758 Bothrops atrox is a highly venomous pit viper species native to South America. ...


Genera

Genus[2] Authority[2] Species[2] Subsp.*[2] Common name Geographic range[1]
Agkistrodon Palisot de Beauvois, 1799 3 9 Moccasins North America from the northeastern and central USA southward through peninsular Florida and southwestern Texas. In Central America on the Atlantic versant from Tamaulipas and Nuevo León southward to the Yucatan Peninsula, Belize and Guatemala. Along the Pacific coastal plane and lower foothills from Sonora south through Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua to northwestern Costa Rica.
Atropoides Werman, 1992 3 2 Jumping vipers The mountains of eastern Mexico southeastward on the Atlantic versant and lowlands though Central America to central Panama. On the Pacific versant, they occur in isolated populations in east-central and southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Panama.
Bothriechis Peters, 1859 7 0 Palm vipers Southern Mexico (southeastern Oaxacaand the northern highlands of Chiapas), through Central America to northern South America (Colombia, western Venezuela, Ecuador and northern Peru.
Bothriopsis Peters, 1861 7 2 Forest vipers Eastern Panama and most of northern South America, including the Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador, the Andes Mountains from Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia, the Amazon Basin and the Atlantic forests of Brazil.
Bothrops Wagler, 1824 32 11 Lanceheads Northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) southward through Central and South America to Argentina; Saint Lucia and Martinique in the Lesser Antilles; Ilha da Queimada Grande off the coast of Brazil.
Calloselasma Cope, 1860 1 0 Malayan pit viper Southeast Asia from Thailand to northern Malaysia and Java, Indonesia.
Cerrophidion Campbell & Lamar, 1992 3 0 Montane pit vipers Southern Mexico (highlands of Guerrero and southeastern Oaxaca), southward through the highlands of Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, northern Nicaragua, Costa Rica) to western Panama.
CrotalusT Linnaeus, 1758 27 43 Rattlesnakes The Americas, from southern Canada to northern Argentina.
Deinagkistrodon Gloyd, 1979 1 0 Hundred-pace viper Southeast Asia.
Gloydius Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981 9 9 Russia, east of the Ural Mountains through Siberia, Iran, the Himalayas from Pakistan, India, Nepal and China, Korea, Japan and the Ryukyu Islands.
Hypnale Fitzinger, 1843 3 0 Humpnose vipers Sri Lanka and India.
Lachesis Daudin, 1803 3 1 Bushmasters Central and South America.
Ophryacus Cope, 1887 2 0 Mexican pit vipers Mexico.
Ovophis Burger, 1981 3 3 Asian mountain vipers and South Asian pit vipers Nepal and Seven Sisters (Assam) eastward through Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, West Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan (Okinawa) and Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo).
Porthidium Cope, 1871 7 3 Hognose pit vipers Mexico (Colima, Oaxaca and Chiapas on the Pacific side, the Yucatan Peninsula on the Atlantic side) southward through Central America to northern South America (Ecuador in the Pacific lowlands, northern Venezuela in the Atlantic lowlands).
Sistrurus Garman, 1883 3 7 Massasaugas and pigmy rattlesnakes Southeastern Canada, eastern and northwestern USA, isolated populations in northern and central Mexico.
Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 35 11 Asian pit vipers and palm vipers Southest Asia from India to southern China and Japan, and the Malay Archipelago to Timor.
Tropidolaemus Wagler, 1830 2 0 Temple vipers Southern India and Southeast Asia.

*) Not including the nominate subspecies (typical form).
T) Type genus.[1] Species Agkistrodon (from Greek ancistron, meaning fishhook) is a genus of snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae. ... Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot, baron de Beauvois. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ... Tamaulipas is a state in the northeast of Mexico. ... Nuevo León (Spanish for New León, after the former kingdom in Spain) is a state located in north-eastern Mexico. ... The Yucatán Peninsula separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. ... Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico, bordering the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest. ... Synonyms Atropos - Rüppell, 1845 Atropus - Müller, 1865 Atropoides - Werman, 1992[1] Common names: jumping vipers. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Synonyms Bothriechis - Peters, 1859 Teleuraspis - Cope, 1860 Thamnocenchris - Salvin, 1860 Thanatos - Posada Arango, 1889 Thanatophis - Posada Arango, 1889[1] Common names: palm vipers. ... Wilhelm Karl Hartwich Peters (April 22, 1815 - April 20, 1883) was a German naturalist and explorer. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Catedral de Santo Domingo The Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca or simply Oaxaca   is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located in the southern part of Mexico, west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. ... Chiapas is a state in the southeast of Mexico. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Synonyms Bothriopsis - Peters, 1861[1] Common names: forest vipers. ... Wilhelm Karl Hartwich Peters (April 22, 1815 - April 20, 1883) was a German naturalist and explorer. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... See also architecture with non-sequential dynamic execution scheduling (ANDES). ... // “Amazonian” redirects here. ... Synonyms Bothrops - Wagler, 1824 Rhinocerophis - Garman, 1881[1] Common names: lanceheads. ... Johann Georg Wagler (1800 - 1832) was a German herpetologist. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Location of the Lesser Antilles (green) in relation to the rest of the Caribbean Islands of the Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees,[1] are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the West Indies. ... Ilha de Queimada Grande, nicknamed Snake Island, is a 43,000 square metre piece of land off the southeastern corner of Brazil, at . ... Binomial name Calloselasma rhodostoma (Kuhl, 1824) Synonyms Tisiphone - Fitzinger, 1843 Leiolepis - AMC Duméril, 1853 Calloselasma - Cope, 1860[1] [Trigonocephalus] rhodostoma - Kuhl, 1824 [Trigonocephalus] rhodostoma - F. Boie, 1827 [Trigonocephalus] praetextatus - Gravenhorst, 1832 Tisiphone rhodostoma - Fitzinger, 1843 L[eiolepis]. rhodostoma - AMC Duméril, 1853 [Calloselasma] rhodostomus - Cope, 1860 T[isiphone]. rhodostoma... Edward Drinker Cope Edward Drinker Cope (July 28, 1840–April 12, 1897) was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Synonyms Cerrophidion - Campbell & Lamar, 1992[1] Common names: Montane pit vipers. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Guerrero is a state in the United Mexican States. ... Synonyms Crotalus - Linnaeus, 1758 Crotalophorus - Houttuyn, 1764 Caudisona - Laurenti, 1768 Crotalinus - Rafinesque, 1815 Crotalurus - Rafinesque, 1820 Crotulurus - Rafinesque, 1820 Uropsophus - Wagler, 1830 Urocrotalon - Fitzinger, 1843 Aploaspis - Cope, 1867 Aechmophrys - Coues In Wheeler, 1875 Haploaspis - Cope, 1883 Paracrotalus - Reuss, 1930[1] Common names: rattlesnakes. ... Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Binomial name Deinagkistrodon acutus (Günther, 1888) Synonyms Ancistrodon - Boulenger, 1896 Deinagkistrodon - Gloyd, 1979[1] Halys acutus - Günther, 1888 Ancistrodon acutus - Boulenger, 1896 Agkistrodon acutus - Namiye, 1908 Deinagkistrodon acutus - Gloyd, 1979[1] Common names: sharp-nosed viper, snorkel viper, hundred pacer,[2] hundred-pace viper. ... Howard Kay Gloyd (1902–1978) was an American herpetologist who is credited with describing several new species of reptile, such as the Florida Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Species see text Gloydius (after Howard Gloyd) is a genus of Old World pit vipers very similar to the North American Agkistrodon. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of the Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains (Russian: , Uralskiye gory) (also known as the Urals, the Riphean Mountains in Greco-Roman antiquity, and known as the Stone Belt) are a mountain range that runs roughly north and south through western Russia. ... Siberian Federal District (darker red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) arctic northeast Siberia Udachnaya pipe Siberia (Russian: , Sibir; Tatar: ) is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia and comprising a large part of the Euro-Asian Steppe. ... Perspective view of the Himalayas and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Korea(Korean: 한국 or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Location of Ryukyu Islands. ... Synonyms Hypnale - Fitzinger, 1843[1] Common names: hump-nosed vipers. ... Leopold Fitzinger. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Lachesis is a genus of highly venomous pit vipers found in the remote, forested areas in Central and South America. ... François Marie Daudin (March 25, 1774 - 1804) was a French zoologist. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Synonyms Ophryacus - Cope, 1887[1] Common names: Mexican pit vipers. ... Edward Drinker Cope Edward Drinker Cope (July 28, 1840–April 12, 1897) was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Ovophis is a genus of venomous snakes in the Crotalinae subfamily of the Viperidae family. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Seven Sister States of India The Seven Sister States are a region in northeastern India, comprising the contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. ... Assam   (Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a north eastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a part of Guwahati. ... Peninsular Malaysia (or Semenanjung Malaysia in the Malay language) is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula, and shares a land border with Thailand in the north. ... This article is about the prefecture. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Borneo is the third largest island in the world. ... Synonyms Porthidium - Cope, 1871[1] Common names: hognose pit vipers. ... Edward Drinker Cope Edward Drinker Cope (July 28, 1840–April 12, 1897) was an American paleontologist and comparative anatomist, as well as a noted herpetologist and ichthyologist. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Colima is a state in western Mexico. ... Synonyms Crotalophorus - Gray, 1825 Caudisona - Fitzinger, 1826 Sistrurus - Garman, 1884[1] Common names: massasaugas, pigmy rattlesnakes. ... Samuel Garman (1846- 1927) was a naturalist/ zoologist from Pennsylvania. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Trimeresurus is a genus of venomous pit vipers commonly known as bamboo vipers. ... See also the disambiguation page Lacépède (disambiguation) de La Cépède Bernard Germain Étienne comte de La Ville-sur-Illon La Cépède (December 26, 1756 – October 6, 1825) was a French naturalist. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... World map depicting Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago is a vast archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... Map of Timor Timor Island from space, November 1989. ... Synonyms Tropidolaemus - Wagler, 1830[1] Common names: temple vipers. ... Johann Georg Wagler (1800 - 1832) was a German herpetologist. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Type specimens When a new species is discovered, more important than creating a new and unique name for the species is developing a reasonably detailed description. ...


Taxonomy

In the past, the pit vipers were usually classed as a separate family: the Crotalidae. Today, however, the monophyly of the viperines and the crotalines as a whole is undisputed, which is why they are treated here as a subfamily of the Viperidae. In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is 1) a rank or 2) a taxon in that rank. ... In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group. ... Genera Adenorhinos Atheris Azemiops Bitis Cerastes Daboia Echis Eristicophis Macrovipera Montatheris Proatheris Pseudocerastes Vipera This page is about Viper snakes. ... Subfamilies Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) The Viperidae family is made up of two subfamilies: Crotalinae (Pit Vipers) Viperinae (Vipers) Categories: Stub | Snakes ...


See also

For information about rattlesnakes in general, see rattlesnake. ... Species 27 species; see list of rattlesnake species and subspecies. ... A snakebite, or snake bite, is a bite inflicted by a Snake. ...

Cited references

  1. ^ a b c d e McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ^ a b c d e Crotalinae (TSN 634394). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed on 26 October 2006.
  3. ^ Parker HW, Grandison AGC. 1977. Snakes -- a natural history. Second Edition. British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. 108 pp. 16 plates. LCCCN 76-54625. ISBN 0-8014-1095-9 (cloth), ISBN 0-8014-9164-9 (paper).
  4. ^ Bullock, T. H. and Diecke, F. P. J. (1956). Properties of an infrared receptor. Journal of Physiology 134, 47-87.
  5. ^ Shine R, Sun L, Kearney M, Fitzgerald M. 2002. Why do Juvenile Chinese Pit-Vipers (Gloydius shedoaensis) Select Arboreal Ambush Sites? Ethology 108:897-910. ISSN 0179-1613. PDF at University of Sydney School of Biological Sciences. Accessed 26 October 2006.

Please note that the ITIS system URL has changed (25 September 2006). ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

Other references

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Crotalinae
  • Gumprecht, A. & F. Tillack (2004) A proposal for a replacement name of the snake genus Ermia Zhang, 1993. Russian Journal of Herpetology 11: 73-76.
  • Wright & Wright (1957), Handbook of Snakes Volume II, Comstock Publishing Associates, Seventh Printing 1985.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Crotalinae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (913 words)
The Crotalinae are a subfamily of venomous vipers commonly known as pit vipers.
These snakes are distinguished by their infrared-light-sensing (heat-sensing) pit organs located between the eye and the nostril on either side of the head.
University of Wales - Viperidae - Crotalinae - 2004 Publications
  More results at FactBites »


 

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