NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Crotone

Crotone is a city in Calabria, southern Italy, on the Gulf of Taranto. Founded circa 710 BC as the Achaean colony of Croton (Greek: Κρωτονας; Latin: Crotona), it was known as Cotrone from the Middle Ages until 1928, when its name was changed to Crotone. In 1996 it became the capital of the newly established Province of Crotone. As of December 31, 2004, its population was 60,517. Image File history File links 450px-Crotone-Stemma. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... The Regions of Italy were granted a degree of regional autonomy in the 1948 constitution, which states that the constitutions role is: to recognize, protect and promote local autonomy, to ensure that services at the State level are as decentralized as possible, and to adapt the principles and laws... Calabria (Latin: Bruttium or Brutium), is a region in southern Italy which occupies the toe of the Italian peninsula south of Naples. ... In Italy, the province (in Italian: provincia) is an administrative division of an intermediate level, between municipality (comune) and region (Regione). ... Crotone (It. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with ethnonym. ... Here are a list of area codes in Italy. ... A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a comune; for other subdivisions, see municipio, circoscrizione, quartiere. ... The Basilica of Saint Denis (in French, la Basilique de Saint-Denis), a famous burial site for French monarchs, is located in Saint Denis (near Paris). ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Calabria (Latin: Bruttium or Brutium), is a region in southern Italy which occupies the toe of the Italian peninsula south of Naples. ... The Gulf of Taranto (Italian: Golfo di Taranto, Latin: Sinus Tarentinus) is a gulf of the Ionian sea, in southern Italy. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 760s BC 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC - 710s BC - 700s BC 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC Events and Trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria 719 BC - Zhou Huan Wang of the... Achaea (Greek: , AchaÃ¯a; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is an ancient province and a present prefecture of Greece, on the northern coast of the Peloponnese, stretching from the mountain ranges of Erymanthus and Cyllene on the south to a narrow strip of fertile land on the... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Crotone (It. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

Croton was long one of the most flourishing cities of Magna Graecia. Its inhabitants were famous for their physical strength and for the simple sobriety of their lives. From 588 BC onwards, Croton produced many generations of victors in the Olympics and the other Panhellenic Games, the most famous of whom was Milo of Croton. According to Herodotus (3.131), the physicians of Croton were considered the foremost among the Greeks. Pythagoras founded his school, the Pythagoreans, at Croton circa 530 BC. Among his pupils were the early medical theorist Alcmaeon of Croton and the philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer Philolaus. The Pythagoreans acquired considerable influence with the supreme council of one thousand by which the city was ruled. Sybaris was the rival of Croton until 510 BC, when Croton sent an army of one hundred thousand men, commanded by the boxer Milo, against Sybaris and destroyed it. Shortly afterwards, however, an insurrection took place, by which the Pythagoreans were driven out and a democracy established. Magna Graecia around 280 b. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 620s BC - 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC - 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC Events and Trends 589 BC - Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt 588 BC _ Nebuchadnezzar II of... // Ruins of the training grounds at Olympia The Ancient Olympic Games were an athletic and religious celebration held in the Greek town of Olympia from (historically) as early as 776 BC to 393 AD. There were 292 Ancient Olympic Games. ... Panhellenic Games is the collective term for four separate sports festivals held in ancient Greece. ... Milo or Milon of Croton (late 6th century BC) was the most famous of Greek athletes in Antiquity. ... Bust of Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (in Greek, , Herodotos Halikarnasseus) was a Dorian Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BCâ€“ca. ... Pythagoras of Samos (Greek: ; circa 582 BC â€“ circa 507 BC) was an Ionian (Greek) mathematician, astronomer, scientist and philosopher,[1] founder of the mathematical, mystic, religious, and scientific society called Pythagoreans. ... Bust of Pythagoras Pythagoreanism is a term used for the esoteric and metaphysical beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans, who were much influenced by mathematics and probably a main inspirational source for Plato and platonism. ... Alcmaeon of Croton (mid-fifth century B.C.) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and medical theorist. ... Philolaus (circa 480 BC â€“ circa 405 BC) was a Greek mathematician and philosopher. ... Coin from Sybaris, c. ...

In 480 BC, Croton sent a ship in support of the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis (Herodotus 8.47), but the victory of Locri and Rhegium over Croton in the same year marked the beginning of its decline. It was replaced by Heraclea as headquarters of the Italiote League. Dionysius, the tyrant of Syracuse, aiming at hegemony in Magna Graecia, captured Croton in 379 BC and held it for twelve years. Croton was then occupied by the Bruttii, with the exception of the citadel, in which the chief inhabitants had taken refuge; these, being unable to defend the place against a Carthaginian force, soon after surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri. Image File history File links SNGANS_259ff. ... Image File history File links SNGANS_259ff. ... Events King Xerxes I of Persia sets out to conquer Greece. ... Combatants Greek city-states Persia Halicarnassus Commanders Eurybiades of Sparta Themistocles of Athens Adeimantus of Corinth Aristides of Athens Xerxes I of Persia Ariamenes â€ Artemisia Strength 366-380 ships 1 1000 - 1207 ships [1]2 Casualties 40 ships 200 ships 1 Herodotus gives 378 of the alliance, but the numbers... Locri Epizephyri (epi-Zephyros, under the West wind; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was founded about 680 BC on the Italian shores of the Ionian Sea, near modern Capo Zefirio, by the Locrians, apparently by Opuntii (East Locrians) from the city of Opus, but including Ozolae (West... Location within Italy Map of Italy showing Reggio Calabria in the south Reggio Calabria (officially Reggio di Calabria, RÃ¬ggiu in calabrian dialect, Righi in Greek-Calabrian), is the largest and the oldest city in Calabria, Italy. ... Map of ancient Lucania Heraclea (also Heracleia or Herakleia; Greek: was an ancient city of Magna Graecia, situated in Lucania on the Gulf of Tarentum (modern Gulf of Taranto), but a short distance from the sea, and between the rivers Aciris (modern Agri) and Siris (modern Sinni), the site of... The Italiotes were the pre-Roman Greek speaking people living on the Italian peninsula, between Neapolis and Sicily. ... Headline text 1649874 Dionysius I or Dionysius the Elder (c. ... Syracuse (Italian, Siracusa, ancient Syracusa - see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a city on the eastern coast of Sicily and the capital of the province of Syracuse, Italy. ... Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica about: Bruttii The Bruttii were an ancient people of southern Italy, occupying the interior of Bruttium (modern Calabria). ... Ruins of Roman-era Carthage For other uses, see Carthage (disambiguation). ...

In 295 BC, Croton fell to another Syracusan tyrant, Agathocles. When Pyrrhus invaded Italy (280-278, 275 BC), Croton was still a considerable city, with twelve miles of walls, but after the Pyrrhic War, half the city was deserted (Livy 24.3). What was left of its population submitted to Rome in 277 BC. After the Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War (216 BC), Croton revolted from Rome, and Hannibal made it his winter quarters for three years; it was not recaptured until 205 or 204 BC. In 194 BC, it became the site of a Roman colony. Little more is heard of it during the Republican and Imperial periods, though Petronius mentions the corrupt morals of its inhabitants. For the grindcore band, see Agathocles (band) Agathocles (361 BC - 289 BC), tyrant of Syracuse (317 BC - 289 BC) and king of Sicily (304 BC - 289 BC). ... Pyrrhus of Epirus Pyrrhus (318-272 BC) (Greek: Î ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï‚), king of the Molossians (from ca. ... Combatants Carthage* Roman Republic* Epirus Magna Graecia Samnium Commanders Publius Valerius Laevinus Publius Decius Mus Pyrrhus of Epirus * Note: Carthage and Rome were not strong allies in this conflict. ... See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). ... For the 11th-century battle in the Byzantine conquest of the Mezzogiorno, see Battle of Cannae (1018). ... Combatants Image:SPQR-Stone. ... Hannibal, the son of Hamilcar Barca, (247 BC â€“ c. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Petronius (c. ...

Around 550, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by Totila, king of the Ostrogoths. At a later date it became a part of the Byzantine Empire. About 870 it was taken and sacked by the Saracens, who put to death the bishop and many people who had taken refuge in the cathedral. Over a hundred years later, Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, mounted a campaign in southern Italy to drive them out and reduce the power of the Byzantines, but was defeated by a Kalbid army near Cotrone on July 13, 982. Later on Cotrone was conquered by the Normans. Thereafter it shared the fate of the Kingdom of Naples—including the period of Spanish rule of which the 16th-century castle of Charles V, overlooking modern Crotone, serves as a reminder—and its successor, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which was conquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860 and incorporated into the new Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Totila, born in Treviso, was king of the Ostrogoths, chosen after the death of his uncle Ildibad, having engineered the assassination of Ildibads short-lived successor his cousin Eraric in 541. ... This article deals with the continental Ostrogoths. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... In older Western historical literature, the Saracens were the people of the Saracen Empire, another name for the Arab Caliphate under the rule of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. ... Otto II and Theophano. ... The Battle of Stilo was fought on 13 July[1] 982 near Crotone in Calabria between the forces of the Emperor Otto II and his Italo-Lombard allies and those of the Kalbid ruler of Sicily, Abu al-Qasim. ... The Kalbids were a Muslim dynasty in Sicily, which ruled from 948 to 1053. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... Events Greenland founded by Erik the Red ; first contact of Europeans with North America Births Emma of Normandy Atisha the Bengali Buddhist Saint Deaths Categories: 982 ... Norman conquests in red. ... The Kingdom of Naples was born out of the division of the Kingdom of Sicily after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. ... Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. ... The Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: il Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the new name that the Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of Naples bestowed upon his domain (including Southern Italy and the island of Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era and the full restoration... Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont, with Savoia upper left (pink) and Nizza (Nice) lower left (brown) both now French, and Sardinia in the inset. ...

Crotone's location between the ports of Taranto and Messina, as well as its proximity to a source of hydroelectric power, favored industrial development during the period between the two World Wars. In the 1930s its population doubled. Unfortunately, the two main employers, Pertusola Sud and Montedison, collapsed. By the late 1980s Crotone was in economic crisis, with many residents losing their jobs and leaving to find work elsewhere. In 1996, a flood dealt a further blow to the city's morale. Since that low point, the city has undergone urban renewal and risen in quality-of-life rankings. Taranto is a coastal city in Apulia, southern Italy. ... Messina, Italy Strait of Messina, Italy. ...

Image File history File links CastelloCrotone. ... Image File history File links CastelloCrotone. ...

Main sights

Transportation

Crotone Airport (Sant'Anna Airport) is served by Air One and charter airlines. Crotone has also a railway station, although much of the tourism is served by the Salerno-Reggio Calabria highway. Crotone Airport or SantAnna Airport (Italian Aeroporto di Santa Anna-Crotone) (IATA: CRV, ICAO: LIBC) is an airport serving Crotone, in the Calabria Region of Italy. ... Air One is a scheduled and charter airline based in Rome, Italy. ...

Religion

According to local legend the Gospel was preached there by St. Dionysius the Areopagite. Its first known bishop was Flavianus, during whose episcopate occurred the siege of the city by Totila. Other bishops were: Theodosios (642); Petrus (680); Theotimus (790); and Nicephorus (870). Worthy of note are: Antonio Sebastiano Minturno (1565), a polished writer and poet; Juan López (1595), a Spanish Dominican; Tommaso dai Monti (1599), a Theatine famous for his zeal; and Niceforo Melisseno Comneno (1628), who had previously rendered signal service to the Holy See in the Orient and in France. Dionysius the Areopagite was the judge of the Areopagus who, as related in Acts, xvii, 34, was converted to Christianity by the preaching of Saint Paul. ... The Theatines or the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Divine Providence are a male religious order of the Catholic Church, with the post-nominal initials C.R. // The order was founded by Saint Cajetan (Gaetano dei Conti di Tiene), Paolo Consiglieri, Bonifacio da Colle, and Giovanni Pietro Carafa (afterwards...

Museums

Croton hosts a national archaeological museum, a municipal museum, a municipal art gallery, and a provincial museum of contemporary art, as well as the Antiquarium di Torre Nao.

Sport

F.C. Crotone is a football club in Serie B. Crotone Football Club is a football club based in Crotone, Italy. ... Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Serie B is the name of the second highest football league in Italy. ...

External links

References

Calabria · Comuni of the Province of Crotone

Belvedere di Spinello | Caccuri | Carfizzi | Casabona | Castelsilano | Cerenzia | Cirò | Cirò Marina | Cotronei | Crotone | Crucoli | Cutro | Isola di Capo Rizzuto | Melissa | Mesoraca | Pallagorio | Petilia Policastro | Rocca di Neto | Roccabernarda | San Mauro Marchesato | San Nicola dell'Alto | Santa Severina | Savelli | Scandale | Strongoli | Umbriatico | Verzino EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, the 11th edition The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â€“1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by The Encyclopedia Press. ... Image File history File links Provincia_di_Crotone-Stemma. ... Calabria (Latin: Bruttium or Brutium), is a region in southern Italy which occupies the toe of the Italian peninsula south of Naples. ... In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic administrative unit of both provinces and regions, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality. ... Crotone (It. ... Location of Crotone in Italy Belvedere di Spinello is a comune and town in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Caccuri is a commune and town in the province of Crotone in Calabria, Italy. ... Carfizzi is a comune in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Casabona is a comune and town with a population of about 4000 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Castelsilano is a comune and town with a population of 1273 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Cerenzia is a comune and town with a population of 1000 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... CirÃ² is a comune and town with a population of 3614 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... CirÃ² Marina is a comune and town with a population of 1300 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Cotronei is a comune and town with a population of 5525 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Crucoli is a comune and town with a population of 5525 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Cutro is a town in the province of Crotone, Calabria region, Italy. ... Isola di Capo Rizzuto is a town in the province of Crotone, Calabria, Italy. ... Melissa (pronunciation: meh-LEE-ssah) is a commune in the province of Crotone, in Calabria. ... Mesoraca is a comune and town with a population of 5525 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Country Italy Region Calabria Province Crotone (KR) Mayor Elevation 1 m Area 41 kmÂ² Population - Total (as of December 31, 2004) 1627 - Density 40/kmÂ² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic pallagoresi Dialing code 0962 Postal code 88818 Frazioni Trepido Patron San Pietro Palagorio is a comune and town... Petilia de Policastro is a comune and town with a population of 9,594 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Location of Crotone in Italy Rocca di Neto is a comune and town in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Location of Crotone in Italy Roccabernada is a comune and town in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, southern Italy. ... San Mauro Marchesato is a comune and town with a population of 1273 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Location of Crotone in Italy San Nicola dellAlto is a comune and town in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Location of Crotone in Italy Santa Severina is a comune and town in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Location of Crotone in Italy Savelli is a comune and town in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Location of Crotone in Italy Scandale is a comune and town in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Strongoli is a comune and town with a population of over 6000 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ... Location of Crotone in Italy Umbriatico is a comune and town in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, southern Italy. ... Verzino is a comune and town with a population of 1273 people in the province of Crotone, in Calabria, Italy. ...

Contents

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