Crow indians (Karl Bodmer)

The Crow, also called the Absaroka or Apsáalooke, are a tribe of Native Americans who historically lived in the Yellowstone River valley and now live on a reservation south of Billings, Montana. The tribal headquarters are located at Crow Agency, Montana. The Crow, also called the Absaroka or Absáalooke, are a tribe of Native Americans who historically lived in the Yellowstone river valley and now live on a reservation south of Billings, Montana, and the current chairman of the tribal council is Carl Venne. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Pehriska-Ruhpa of the Dog Band of the Hidatsa. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (3698x2768, 1723 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Crow Nation ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (3698x2768, 1723 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Crow Nation ... Karl Bodmer, (February 6, 1809-October 30, 1893), was a Swiss painter of the American West. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Yellowstone River, Fishing Bridge, July 1959. ... Motto: Star of the Big Sky Country Location in Montana Coordinates: , Country State County Yellowstone Founded 1877 Incorporated 1882 Government  - Mayor Ronald Tussing Area  - City  41 sq mi (106 km²)  - Land  33. ... Crow Agency is a census-designated place located in Big Horn County, Montana. ...

History

The name of the tribe, Apsáalooke (IPA: [əpsaːloːke]), had been mistranslated by early interpreters as "people of [the] crows." It actually meant "people [or children] of the large-beaked bird,"^{[citation needed]} a name given to them by their sister tribe, the Hidatsa. The bird, perhaps now extinct, was defined as a fork-tailed bird resembling the blue jay or magpie. They first encountered Europeans in 1743, two Frenchmen (the La Verendryes brothers from Canada), near the present-day town of Hardin, Montana. These explorers called the Apsáalooke beaux hommes, "handsome men." The Crow termed Europeans as baashchíile, "person with yellow eyes." Pehriska-Ruhpa of the Dog Band of the Hidatsa. ... For other uses, see Blue Jay (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Pica hudsonia (Sabine, 1823) The Black-billed Magpie is a large bird in the crow family that occurs in the western half of North America from Alaska to Oklahoma. ... Hardin is a city located in Big Horn County, Montana. ...

Some have placed the privatorial home of the Crow-Hidatsa ancestral tribe as being around the head waters of the Mississippi River in either northern Minnesota or Wisconsin; others place them in Winnipeg area of Manitoba. Later they moved to the Devil's Lake region of North Dakota before the Crow split from the Hidatsa and moved westward. Once established in Montana and Wyoming, the tribe was eventually divided in two divisions, the Mountain Crow and River Crow. For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Largest metro area Minneapolis-St. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see Winnipeg (disambiguation). ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797... For other places with the same name, see Devils Lake (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ...

Geography

The Crow Indian Reservation in south-central Montana is a large reservation covering 9,307.269 km² (3,593.557 sq mi) of land area, the fifth-largest Indian reservation in the United States. The reservation is primarily in Big Horn and Yellowstone counties with ceded lands in Rosebud, Carbon, and Treasure Counties. The Crow Indian Reservation's eastern border is the 107th meridian line, except along the border line of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. The southern border is from the 107th meridian line west to the east bank of the Big Horn River. The line travels downstream to Big Horn National Recreation Area and west to the Pryor Mountains and north-easterly to Billings, Montana. The northern border travels east and near Hardin, Montana, to the 107th meridian line. The 2000 census reported a total population of 6,894 on reservation lands. Its largest community is Crow Agency. This article is about Native Americans. ... Big Horn County is a county located in the state of Montana. ... Yellowstone County is a county located in the state of Montana. ... Treasure County is a county located in the state of Montana. ... northern cheyenne indian reservation ... The Wind-Bighorn rivers The Bighorn River is a tributary of the Yellowstone, approximately 461 mi (742 km) long, in the western United States in the states of Wyoming and Montana. ... Hardin is a city located in Big Horn County, Montana. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

Culture

Group of Crow men seated in front of a tipi.

The traditional shelters of the Crow are tipis made with bison skins and wooden poles. They are known to construct some of the largest tipis. Inside the tipi mattresses were arranged around the border of the tipi, with a fireplace in the center. The smoke from the fire escaped through a hole in the top of the tipi. Many Crow families still own and use the tipi, especially when traveling. Crow Fair has been described as the largest gathering of tipis in the world. Image File history File links Summary Crow. ... Image File history File links Summary Crow. ... A tipi of the Nez Perce tribe, circa 1900. ... A tipi of the Nez Perce tribe, circa 1900. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ...

Traditional clothing the Crow wore depended on gender. Women tended to wear simple clothes. They wore dresses made of mountain sheep or deer and buffalo skins, decorated with elk teeth. They covered their legs with leggings and their feet with moccasins. Crow women had short hair, unlike the men. Male clothing usually consisted of a shirt, trimmed leggings with a belt, a robe, and moccasins. Their hair was long, in some cases reaching or dragging the ground, and was sometimes decorated. Species See text. ... This article is about the ruminent animal. ... Look up buffalo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Elk (disambiguation). ... The word moccasin was first introduced into English in 1612, from a Virginia Algonquian language, most likely Powhatan (makasin ‘shoe’), though similar words exist in Narragansett (mokussin), Micmac (m’kusun), and Ojibwa (makasin). ...

The Crow had more horses than any other plains tribe, in 1914 they numbered approximately thirty to forty thousand but by 1921 had dwindled to just one thousand. They also had many dogs; one source counted five to six hundred. Unlike some other tribes, they did not consume dog. The Crow were a nomadic people. The Plains Indians were a group of tribes who lived in a region of North America called the Great Plains. ... For the 2006 historical epic set in Kazakhstan, see Nomad (2006 film). ...

The Crow were a matrilineal (descent through the maternal line), matrilocal (husband moves to the wife's mothers house upon marriage), and matriarchal tribe (females obtaining high status, even chief). Women held a very significant role within the tribe. Matrilineality is a system in which one belongs to ones mothers lineage; it may also involve the inheritance of property or titles through the female line. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A matriarchy is a tradition (and by extension a form of government) in which community power lies with the eldest mother of a community. ...

Crow kinship is a kinship system used to define family. Identified by Louis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Crow system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese). Crow kinship is a kinship system used to define family. ... Lewis H. Morgan Lewis Henry Morgan (November 21, 1818 – December 17, 1881) is considered to be the Father of American anthropology, although his professional life was in the field of law. ...

Government

Pauline Small on horseback. She carries the flag of the Crow Tribe of Indians. As the first woman official, she is entitled to carry the flag during the Crow Fair Parade.

The seat of government and capital of the Crow Indian Reservation is Crow Agency, Montana. Image File history File links Pauline_Small. ... Image File history File links Pauline_Small. ... Pauline Small on horseback. ...

Prior to the 2001 Constitution, the Crow Nation was governed by a 1948 Constitution. The former constitution organized the tribe as a General Council (Tribal Council). The General Council in essence held the executive, legislative, and judicial powers of the government. The General Council was comprised of all enrolled members of the Crow Nation, provided that females 18 years or older and males 21 or older. The General Council was a direct democracy, comparable to that of ancient Athens. Survivor can mean different things in different contexts. ... Direct democracy, classically termed pure democracy,[1] comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein sovereignty is lodged in the assembly of all citizens who choose to participate. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ...

The Crow Nation, or Crow Tribe of Indians, established a three branch government at a 2001 Council Meeting. The new government is known as the 2001 Constitution. The General Council remains the governing body of the tribe, however, the powers were distributed to a three branch government. In theory, the General Council is still the governing body of the Crow Nation. However, in reality, the General Council has not convened since the establishment of the 2001 constitution.

The Executive Branch has four officials. These officials were known as the Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, Secretary, and Vice-Secretary. The Executive Branch officials are also the officials within the Crow Tribal General Council, which has not met since July 15, 2001 that established the 2001 Constitution.

The Legislative Branch consists of three members from each district on the Crow Indian Reservation. The Crow Indian Reservation is divided into six districts known as The Valley of the Chiefs, Reno, Black Lodge, Mighty Few, Big Horn, and Pryor Districts. The Valley of the Chiefs District is the largest district by population.

A Judicial Branch consists of all courts established by the Crow Law and Order Code and in accordance with the 2001 Constitution. The Judicial Branch shall have jurisdiction over all matters defined in the Crow Law and Order Code. The Judicial Branch tries to be separate and distinct branch of government from the Legislative and Executive Branches of Crow Tribal Government. The Judicial Branch consists of an elected Chief Judge and two Associate Judges. The Crow Court of Appeals, similar to State Court of Appeals, receives all appeals from the lower courts. The Chief Judge of the Crow Nation is Angela Russell.

Constitution controversy

According to the 1948 Constitution,Resolution 63-01, all constitutional amendments must be voted on by secret ballot or referendum vote. The former Chairperson Birdinground did not do either action. The quarterly council meeting on July 15, 2001, passed all resolutions, including the measure to repeal the current constitution and approve a new constitution, by voice vote. An opposition has arisen to challenge the new constitution's validity; the challenge is currently in Crow Tribal Courts awaiting a decision. is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

Leadership

Further information: Crow Tribal Administration

The Crow Nation has traditionally elected a chairperson of the Crow Tribal Council biannually. However, in 2001, the term of office was extended to four years. The current chairperson is Carl Venne. The chairperson serves as chief executive officer, speaker of the council, and majority leader of the Crow Tribal Counil. The constitutional changes of 2001 created a three branch government. The chairperson serves as the head of the executive branch, which includes the offices of vice-chairperson, secretary, and vice-secretary and the tribal offices and departments of the Crow Tribal Administration. Notable chairs were Clara Nomee, Edison Real Bird, and Robert "Robie" Yellowtail. The Crow Tribal Council, the government of the Crow Nation, selects a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, and Vice-Secretary at biennial elections. ... Carl Venne is the current Chairman of the executive branch of the Crow Nation. ... Edison Real Bird was the chairman of the Crow Nation Tribal council from 1966 to 1972. ...

Chiefs

Chief Running Coyote developed the buffalo jump in the late 16th century to procure meat. Chief Bear Whose Heart Is Never Good is supposedly the one who formed the River Crow band in the mid-17th century. Chief Young White Buffalo was the first to bring horses to the tribe in the late 17th century, perhaps from the Shoshoni, Interior Salish (aka, Flatheads), or Nez Perce. Chief Long Hair was called such because of his extraordinarily long hair, approximately eleven feet six inches long. The Crow had at least three known female chiefs, one of which (Woman Chief, or Bíawacheeitchish) was possibly transgender or two-spirit in today's terms. A buffalo jump is a cliff formation which North American Indians historically used to kill plains bison by herding the bison and driving them over the cliff. ... Shoshone is a Native American language. ... Interior Salish is a Salishan language, but can also refer to First Nations/Native American cultures who speak the language. ... The Nez Perce (IPA: ) are a tribe of Native Americans who live in the Pacific Northwest region (Columbia River Plateau) of the United States. ... A transgender woman at New York Citys gay pride parade Transgender (IPA: , from trans (Latin) and gender (English)) is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies that diverge from the normative gender role (woman or man) commonly, but not always, assigned at... Berdache (from French, from Arabic bardajo meaning kept boy) is a generic term used by some for a third gender (woman-living-man) among many, if not most, Native American tribes. ...

Popular culture

The tribe hosts a large Dance Celebration, rodeo, and parade annually; the 86th Crow Fair will be held in Crow Agency from August 17 - August 21, 2006. Called "Baasaxpilue" which means "to make much noise," it is the largest and most spectacular of Indian celebrations in the northern Plains.^[1] Photographer Elsa Spear Byron photographed the Crow Fair from 1911 to the 1950s. For other uses, see Rodeo (disambiguation). ... United States Marines on parade. ... The Crow Fair was created in 1904 by an Indian government agent to bring the Crow Tribe of Indians into modern society. ... is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Elsa Spear Byron was a photographer born in Big Horn, Wyoming in 1896. ...

Dale Old Horn, a Crow elder and historian, and professor at Little Big Horn College, was featured on the 2006 installment of the PBS television series Frontier House.^[2] Litle Big Horn College is a Native American tribal college based in Crow Agency, Montana. ... PBS redirects here. ... Frontier House was an educational reality TV type series that originally aired on PBS in April of 2002. ...

In Native Spirit and the Sun Dance Way, Thomas Yellowtail, a Crow Medicine Man and Sun Dance chief for over thirty years describes and explains the ancient Sun Dance ceremony sacred to the Crow tribe. Gordon Tootoosis (Legends of the Fall) brings Yellowtail's words to life in this unique and moving look into the remarkable preservation of a cultural and spiritual world before the coming of the white man. [1] Thomas Yellowtail was a Medicine Man and Sun Dance chief of the Crow tribe for over thirty years, before his death in 1993. ...

In 2007 Medicine Crow's grandson Joe Medicine Crow appears on Ken Burns PBS series The War (documentary). Joseph Medicine Crow (born 1913 near Lodge Grass, Montana) is a Crow historian and author. ... Kenneth Lauren Burns (born July 29, 1953) is an American director and producer of documentary films known for his style of making use of original prints and photographs. ... Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... The War is a 2007 World War II documentary produced by American filmmakers Ken Burns and Lynn Novick, narrated by Keith David and others. ...

See also

• Crow language
• Crow mythology

The Crow, also called the Absaroka or Absáalooke, are a tribe of Native Americans who historically lived in the Yellowstone river valley and now live on a reservation south of Billings, Montana, and the current chairman of the tribal council is Carl Venne. ... The Crow Tribe of Native Americans live in the Great Plains area of the United States. ...

Notes

References

• The Crow Indians, Robert H. Lowie, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1983, paperback, ISBN 0-8032-7909-4
• The World of the Crow Indians: As Driftwood Lodges, Rodney Frey, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1987, hardback, ISBN 0-8061-2076-2
• Stories That Make the World: Oral Literature of the Indian Peoples of the Inland Northwest. As Told by Lawrence Aripa, Tom Yellowtail and Other Elders. Rodney Frey, edited. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1995, paperback, ISBN 0-8061-3131-4
• The Crow and the Eagle: A Tribal History from Lewis & Clark to Custer, Keith Algier, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Idaho, 1993, paperback, ISBN 0-87004-357-9
• From The Heart Of The Crow Country: The Crow Indians' Own Stories, Joseph Medicine Crow, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 2000, paperback, ISBN 0-8032-8263-X
• Apsaalooka: The Crow Nation Then and Now, Helene Smith and Lloyd G. Mickey Old Coyote, MacDonald/Swãrd Publishing Company, Greensburg, Pennsylvania, 1992, paperback, ISBN 0-945437-11-0
• Parading through History: The Making of the Crow Nation in America 1805-1935, Frederick E. Hoxie, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1995, hardcover, ISBN 0-521-48057-4
• The Handsome People: A History of the Crow Indians and the Whites, Charles Bradley, Council for Indian Education, 1991, paperback, ISBN 0-89992-130-2
• Myths and Traditions of the Crow Indians, Robert H. Lowie, AMS Press, 1980, hardcover, ISBN 0-404-11872-0
• Social Life of the Crow Indians, Robert H. Lowie, AMS Press, 1912, hardcover, ISBN 0-404-11875-5
• Material Culture of the Crow Indians, Robert H Lowie, The Trustees, 1922, hardcover, ASIN B00085WH80
• The Tobacco Society of the Crow Indians, Robert H. Lowie, The Trustees, 1919, hardcover, ASIN B00086IFRG
• Religion of the Crow Indians, Robert H. Lowie, The Trustees, 1922, hardcover, ASIN B00086IFQM
• The Crow Sun Dance, Robert Lowie, 1914, hardcover, ASIN B0008CBIOW
• Minor Ceremonies of the Crow Indians, Robert H. Lowie, American Museum Press, 1924, hardcover, ASIN B00086D3NC
• Crow Indian Art, Robert H. Lowie, The Trustees, 1922, ASIN B00086D6RK
• The Crow Language, Robert H. Lowie, University of California press, 1941, hardcover, ASIN B0007EKBDU
• The Way of the Warrior: Stories of the Crow People, Henry Old Coyote and Barney Old Coyote, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 2003, ISBN 0-8032-3572-0
• Two Leggings: The Making of a Crow Warrior, Peter Nabokov, Crowell Publishing Co., 1967, hardcover, ASIN B0007EN16O
• Plenty-Coups: Chief of the Crows, Frank B. Linderman, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1962, paperback, ISBN 0-8032-5121-1
• Pretty-shield: Medicine Woman of the Crows, Frank B. Linderman, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1974, paperback, ISBN 0-8032-8025-4
• They Call Me Agnes: A Crow Narrative Based on the Life of Agnes Yellowtail Deernose, Fred W. Voget and Mary K. Mee, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1995, hardcover, ISBN 0-8061-2695-7
• Yellowtail, Crow Medicine Man and Sun Dance Chief: An Autobiography, Michael Oren Fitzgerald, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1991, hardcover, ISBN 0-8061-2602-7
• Grandmother's Grandchild: My Crow Indian Life, Alma Hogan Snell, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 2000, hardcover, ISBN 0-8032-4277-8
• Memoirs of a White Crow Indian, Thomas H. Leforge, The Century Co., 1928, hardcover, ASIN B00086PAP6
• Radical Hope. Ethics in the Face of Cultural Devastation, Jonathan Lear, Harvard University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-674-02329-3

Thomas Leforge. ...

External links

• Crow Tribal website
• Crow Tribal Council Website
• 2001 Constitution
• 1948 Constitution
• A few images from photo exhibition on Crow Indians, with short account of 21st century lifestyle
• Collection of historical Crow photographs
• List of Crow Chiefs provided by the Little Big Horn College Library.