The Queen-in-Parliament (or King-in-Parliament when there is a male monarch) is a British constitutional law term for the BritishCrown in its legislative role, acting with the advice and consent of the House of Commons and House of Lords. The Parliament of the United Kingdom consists of the Crown and the two houses of Parliament, and bills passed by the two houses are sent to the Sovereign for Royal Assent before they become law. These primary acts of legislation are known as Acts of Parliament. An Act may also provide for secondary legislation which can be made by the Crown, subject to the simple approval, or the lack of disapproval, of both houses of Parliament.
The term may also be used in some Commonwealth Realms to refer to the Crown and Parliament of those countries.
A modern British Act of Parliament will typically contain the following enacting clause:
"BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows..."
When parliament is assembled it cannot proceed to business until the king has declared the causes of summons, in person or by commission; and though the veto of the Crown on legislation has long been obsolete, bills passed by the two houses only become law on receiving the royal assent.
Whenever a vacancy occurs during the continuance of a parliament, a warrant for a new writ is issued by the Speaker, by order of the house during the session, and in pursuance of statutes during the recess.
The demands of the former parliament were reiterated with greater boldness and persistence, the evil councillors of the late reign were driven out, and it was conceded that the principal officers of state should be appointed and removed, during the minority of Richard II., upon the advice of the lords.
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