The Passion is the theological term used for the suffering, both physical and mental, of Jesus in the hours prior to and including his trial and execution by crucifixion. The Crucifixion is an event central to Christian beliefs. The chronology of Jesus depicts the traditional chronology established for the events of the life of Jesus by the four canonical gospels (which allude to various dates for several events). ... Jesus (8-2 BC/BCE — 29-36 AD/CE),[1] also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity. ... This article presents a description of Jesus life, as based on the four gospels. ... For other uses, see Gospel (disambiguation). ... The Nativity refers to the birth of Jesus. ... Jacopo Bellinis Madonna and Child Blessing depicts the infant Jesus in the act of blessing the viewer The Child Jesus is a religious symbol based on the activities of Jesus as an infant up to the age of twelve that recurs throughout history, starting from around the third or... The Baptism of Christ, by Piero della Francesca, 1449 The Baptism of Jesus is the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist. ... In Christianity, the temptation of Christ refers to the temptation of Jesus by Satan as detailed in the New Testament, specifically: Matthew 4:1-11 Mark 1:12-13 Luke 4:1-13 According to these Gospels, Jesus has fasted for forty days and nights in the desert or wilderness... The Sermon on the Mount by Carl Heinrich Bloch. ... The Twelve Apostles (in Koine Greek απόστολος apostolos [1], someone sent forth/sent out, an emissary) were probably Galilean Jewish men (10 names are Aramaic, 4 names are Greek) chosen from among the disciples, who were sent forth by Jesus of Nazareth to preach the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles... Saint Francis exorcised demons in Arezzo, fresco of Giotto Exorcism is the practice of evicting demons or other evil spiritual entities which are supposed to have possessed (taken control of) a person or object. ... The word Transfiguration means a changing of appearance or form. ... Jesus vertreibt die Händler aus dem Tempel by Giovanni Paolo Pannini The narrative of Jesus and the Money Changers occurs in both the Synoptic Gospels and in the Gospel of John, although it occurs close to the end of the Synoptic Gospels (at Mark 11:15-19, Matthew 21... The Olivet discourse is a passage found in the Synoptic Gospels of Mark (at Mark 13) and of Matthew (at Matthew 24-25), occurring just before the narrative of Jesus passion begins with the Anointing of Jesus, and in the narrative is a discourse given by Jesus on the Mount... The Last Supper was the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles before his death. ... A depiction of the Sanhedrin trial, by Giotto The Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus is an event reported by all the Canonical Gospels. ... Entombment of Christ by Pieter Lastman The death of Jesus is an event described by the New Testament, as occurring after the Passion of Jesus, as a result of his crucifixion. ... According to the Trinitarian interpretation of the New Testament, Jesus was both human and God, so he had the power to lay his life down and to take it up again; thus after Jesus died, he came back to life. ... The Great Commission is a tenet in Christian theology emphasizing mission work and evangelism, particularly (but not exclusively) emphasized by evangelicals. ... The Christian doctrine of the Ascension holds that Jesus bodily ascended to heaven following his resurrection. ... The Second Coming or Second Advent refers to the Christian belief in the return of Jesus to fulfill the rest of Messianic prophecy. ... Jesus (8-2 BC/BCE — 29-36 AD/CE),[1] also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity. ... Artistic depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus. ...

The etymological origins of the word lie in the Christian Latin passio, (stemming from patis- to suffer) ^[1] and first appearing in the 2nd century precisely to describe the travails and suffering of Jesus in this present context. The word passion has since taken on a more general application. The term the Agony of Jesus is sometimes used alternately, although is generally more specifically applied to Jesus' agony of mind while praying before his arrest. Those parts of the Gospels that describe these events are known as The "Passion narratives". Etymology is the study of the origins of words. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Agony (Greek αγωνία, agonía - the suffering, the struggle) is unbearable suffering unto death which, unrelieved, must be borne regardless. ... For the genre of Christian-themed music, see gospel music. ...

The "Passion" according to the Gospels

The Mocking of Christ by Titian

The narratives of the Passion are found in the four canonical gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Three of these, known as the Synoptic Gospels, give closely matching accounts. The Gospel of John includes additional details and minor differences. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x3179, 383 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Passion Mark 15 ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x3179, 383 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Passion Mark 15 ... Titians self-portrait, 1566. ... For the genre of Christian-themed music, see gospel music. ... The Synoptic Gospels is a term used by modern New Testament scholars for the Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, and Luke of the New Testament in the Bible. ...

The Passion begins with Jesus at prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane where he was betrayed andarrested. He was tried firstly by the Jewish authorities, and then taken and tried before Pontius Pilate, the Roman Governor. Once condemned by Pilate, he was flogged before execution. The Garden of Gethsemane. ... Gethsemane by Wassilij Grigorjewitsch Perow The Arrest of Jesus is a pivotal event recorded in the Canonical Gospels, in which Jesus is arrested. ... A depiction of the Sanhedrin trial, by Giotto The Sanhedrin Trial of Jesus is an event reported by all the Canonical Gospels. ... Ecce Homo (Behold the Man!), Antonio Ciseris depiction of Pontius Pilate presenting a scourged Jesus of Nazareth to the people of Jerusalem Pilate redirects here. ... Whipping on a post Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, whip) the human body. ...

The Canonical Gospels, except the Gospel of Luke, record that Jesus was then taken by the soldiers to the Praetorium where, according to Matthew and Mark say the whole contingent of soldiers was called together. They placed a purple robe on him, put a crown of thorns on his head, and according to Matthew, put a rod in his hand. They mocked him by hailing him as King of the Jews, paying homage and hitting him on the head with the rod. The Gospel of Luke is the third of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament, which tell the story of Jesus life, death, and resurrection. ... The Praetorium (also called Pilates House) is the place in what is now the Antonia Fortress where Jesus of Nazareth was brought to trial before Pontius Pilate. ... Purple is any of a group of colors intermediate between deep blue and red. ... A dragon robe from Qing Dynasty of China A robe is a loose-fitting outer garment. ... In Christianity, the Crown of Thorns, one of the instruments of the Passion, was the woven chaplet of thorn branches worn by Jesus before his crucifixion. ... The name Matthew comes from Hebrew מתי Mattay, (Matthias in Greek) a short form of Hebrew מת(נ)יהו Mattanyāhû/Mattayyāhû, which is itself a variation of Hebrew נתניהו , which means major faggot. Matthew (name) — as a given name, surname, and place name. ... A sceptre or scepter is an ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch, a prominent item of kingly regalia. ... For a description of the medieval homage ceremony see commendation ceremony Homage is generally used in modern English to mean any public show of respect to someone to whom you feel indebted. ...

According to the Gospel of John, Pilate had Jesus brought out a second time, wearing the purple robe and the crown of thorns, in order to appeal his innocence before the crowd. But the priests urged the crowd to demand Jesus' death. Pilate resigned himself to the decision, washing his hands before the people as a sign that Jesus blood was upon them.

Mark and Matthew record that Jesus was returned his own clothes, prior to being led out for execution. According to the Gospel accounts he was forced, like other victims of crucifixion, to drag his own cross to Golgotha (meaning place of a skull), the location of the execution. According to the Synoptic Gospels, while on the way to Golgotha, the soldiers forced a man passing by, Simon of Cyrene, to carry Jesus' cross for him. The Gospel of Mark gives the names of Simon's children, Alexander and Rufus. Luke adds that Jesus' female followers were following him, and mourning his fate, but that he responded by quoting Hosea 10:8. Calvary (Golgotha) was the hill outside Jerusalem on which Jesus was crucified. ... According to the Gospel of Mark (15:21-22), Matthew (27:32), and Luke (23:26) Simon of Cyrene (שמעון Hearkening; listening, Standard Hebrew Šimʿon, Tiberian Hebrew Šimʿôn) was compelled by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus as Jesus was taken to his crucifixion: And as they came... The Gospel of Mark is traditionally the second of the New Testament Gospels. ...

Crucifixion of Christ by Albrecht Altdorfer

The Synoptic Gospels state that on arrival at Golgotha, Jesus was offered wine laced with myrrh to lessen the pain, but he refused it. Jesus was then crucified, according to the Mark, at the third hour (9 AM), but according to John at the sixth hour (noon). Pilate had a plaque fixed to Jesus' cross inscribed, (according to John) in Hebrew, Greek and the Latin - Iesu Nazarati Rex Iudorum, meaning Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1576x2088, 462 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Passion Mark 15 ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1576x2088, 462 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Passion Mark 15 ... The Battle of Alexander (1529) Wood, 158,4 x 120,3 cm Alte Pinakothek, Munich Albrecht Altdorfer (c. ... Wine is an alcoholic beverage produced by the fermentation of fruit, typically grapes though a number of other fruits are also quite popular - such as plum, elderberry and blackcurrant. ... 100g of Myrrh. ... Noon is the time exactly through the day, written 12:00 in the 24-hour clock and 12:00 noon in the 12-hour clock. ...

The Gospels then state that Jesus' clothes they divided them between the soldiers except for one garment for which they cast lots. The Gospel of John claims that this fulfils a prophecy from Psalms 22:18. Some of the crowd who had been following taunted Jesus, saying "He trusts in God; let God deliver him now!", and suggested that Jesus might perform a miracle to release himself from the cross. Lots has several meanings: Legion (demon), the Gadarene demon, sometimes called Lots Arabian Parts or Arabic parts or Lots, such as the Lot of Fortune, which are astrological points used for prediction ... According to many religions, a miracle, derived from the old Latin word miraculum meaning something wonderful, is a striking interposition of divine intervention by God in the universe by which the operations of the ordinary course of Nature are overruled, suspended, or modified. ...

According to the Gospels, two theives were also crucified, one on each side of him. According to Luke, one of the thieves mocked Jesus, while the other recognised him as the Christ and begged that he might be remembered when Jesus came to his kingdom. Everyday instance of theft: the bike which fits on this wheel has disappeared. ...

John records that Mary his mother stood by the cross as did a disciple, described as one whom Jesus loved. Jesus committed his mother to this disciple's care. According to Luke, the sky became dark at midday and the darkeness lasted for three hours, until Jesus death. The centurion standing by, heard Jesus words "Father, into your hands I commend my spirit." The centurion recognised Jesus' righteousness.

John also says that, as was the custom, the soldiers came and broke the legs of the thieves, so that they would die faster, but that on coming to Jesus they found he had already died. A soldier pierced his side with a spear.

The various things that Jesus spoke during the Crucifixion are collected form the different accounts as the Last Words of Christ.

Other Passion narratives, traditions and scholarship

The pillar

By tradition, Jesus was tethered to a pillar while flogged.

Flagellation

Archeological evidence indicates that the whip used for such punishment may have been studded with small metal pieces.

Rufus and Alexander

The sons of Simon of Cyrene are named as if they might have been early Christian figures known to Mark's intended audience (Brown et al. 628). Paul also lists a Rufus in Romans 16:13. Saul, also known as Paul, Paulus, and Saint Paul the Apostle (c. ... The Epistle to the Romans is one of the epistles, or letters, included in the New Testament canon of the Christian Bible. ...

The garments of Jesus

Most garments of the region were made of woven strips of material that were about 8 inches wide and included decorative braids from 2 to 4 inches wide. The garments could be disassembled and the strips of cloth were frequently recycled. A single garment might hold sections of many different dates. However, in Damascus and Bethlehem cloth was woven on wider looms, some Damascene being 40 inches wide. Traditional Bethlehem cloth is striped like pyjama material. ^[2] It would thus appear that Jesus' "seamless robe" was made of cloth from either Bethlehem or Damascus.

The Gospel of Peter

Further claims concerning the Passion are made in some non-canonical early writings. Another passion narrative is found in the fragmentary Gospel of Peter, long known to scholars through references, and discovered in Cairo in (date). The Gospel of Peter was a prominent passion narrative in the early history of Christianity, but over time passed out of common usage. ...

The narrative begins with Pilate washing his hands, as in Matthew, but the Jews and Herod refuse this. Joseph of Arimathea, before Jesus has been crucified, asks for his body, and Herod says he was going to take it down to comply with the Jewish custom of not leaving a dead body hung on a tree overnight. Herod then turns Jesus over the people, who drag him, give him the purple robe, crown him with thorns, and beat and flog him. Joseph of Arimathea, according to the Gospels, was the man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus after his crucifixion. ...

There are also two criminals on each side of him and, as in Luke, one begs Jesus for forgiveness. The writer says Jesus was silent as they crucified him, "...as if in no pain." ^[3] Jesus is labelled the King of Israel on his cross and his clothes are divided and gambled over.

As in the canonical gospels, darkness covers the land. Jesus is also given vinegar to drink. Peter has "My Power, My Power, why have you forsaken me?" as the last words of Jesus, rather than "My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?" as quoted in Mark. He is then "taken up", possible a euphemism for death or maybe an allusion to heaven. ^[4] Peter then has a resurrection, also somewhat the same but somewhat different from the other books. A euphemism is an expression intended by the speaker to be less offensive, disturbing, or troubling to the listener than the word or phrase it replaces, or in the case of doublespeak to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ... Heaven is an afterlife concept found in many religions or spiritual philosophies. ...

Serapion urged the exclusion of the Gospel of Peter from the Church because Docetists were using it to bolster their theological claims, which Serapion rejected. ^[5] Many modern scholars also reject this conclusion, as the statement about Jesus being silent "as if in no pain" seems to be based on Isaiah's description of the suffering servant. Isaiah 53:7. ^[6] Serapion was Bishop of Antioch (191 - 211). ... In Christianity, Docetism is the belief, regarded by most theologians as heretical, that Jesus did not have a physical body; rather, that his body was an illusion, as was his crucifixion. ... Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. ...

Old Testament prophecy of the Passion

New Testament prophecy of the Passion

In the Gospel of Mark, Jesus is described as prophesying his own Passion and his Resurrection three times: The Gospel of Mark is traditionally the second of the New Testament Gospels. ...

1. On the way to Caesarea Philippi, predicting that the Son of Man will be killed and rise within three days
2. After the transfiguration of Jesus, again predicting that the Son of Man will be killed and rise within three days
3. On the way to Jerusalem, predicting that the Son of Man will be delivered to the leading Pharisees and Sadducees, be condemned to death, delivered to the Gentiles, mocked, scourged, killed, and rise within three days

Christians argue that these are cases of genuine and fulfilled prophecy and many scholars see semitic features and old tradition in Mark 9:31. ^[7]. Skeptics argue they are cases of postdiction (prophecy after the events have already occurred). Caesarea Philippi is the name of a town 95 miles north of Jerusalem, 35 miles southwest from Damascus, 1150 feet above sea level. ... The word Transfiguration means a changing of appearance or form. ... The Pharisees (from the Hebrew perushim, from parash, meaning to separate) were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 BCE–70 CE). ... The sect of the Sadducees (or Zadokites and other variants) - which may have originated as a political party - was founded in the 2nd century BC and ceased to exist sometime after the 1st century AD. Their rivals, the Pharisees, are said to have originated in the same time period, but... A Gentile refers to a non-Israelite; the word is derived from the Latin term gens (meaning clan or a group of families) and is often employed in the plural. ... Prophecy, in a broad sense, is the prediction of future events. ... Semitic is a linguistic term referring to a subdivision of largely Middle Eastern Afro-Asiatic languages, the Semitic languages, as well as their speakers corresponding cultures, and ethnicities. ... Postdiction, post-shadowing, retroactive clairvoyance, and prediction after the fact are terms used by critics to refer to those who use hindsight to claim to have predicted a significant event such as a plane crash or natural disaster. ...

After the first prophecy, the Gospel of Mark states that Jesus was rebuked by Peter, eliciting the well known response by Jesus of "Get thee behind me, Satan". In particular Peter is criticised for having in mind the things of men not of God, and though many Christians interpret this as an assertion of Jesus' divinity, other scholars, and many early gnostics, argue that it is a rebuke of the Christian school of thought associated with Simon Peter, that which was to become the official Roman Catholic church. Sceptics argue that the events prophesied are inventions. Divinity has a number of related uses in the field of religious belief and study. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

After the third prophecy, the Gospel of Mark states that the brothers James and John ask Jesus to be his left and right hand men, but Jesus asks if they can drink from the cup he must drink from. They say that they can do this. Jesus confirms this, but say that the places at his right and left hand are reserved for others. Many Christian see this as being a reference to the two criminals at Jesus' crucifixion, thus relating to the Passion. The cup is sometimes interpreted as the symbol of his death, in the light of Jesus' prayer at Gethsemane "Let this cup be taken from me!" For people and places called Saint James, see the diambiguation page. ... John the Apostle (יוחנן The LORD is merciful, Standard Hebrew Yoḥanan, Tiberian Hebrew Yôḥānān) was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. ...

Instruments of the Passion

In Christian symbolism the Instruments of the Passion are the objects associated with Jesus' Passion. Each of the Instruments have become an object of veneration among many Christians and have been pictured in icons and supposedly recovered as relics. The Instruments of the Passion are: Christ the Redeemer (1410s, by Andrei Rublev) For other senses of this word, see icon (disambiguation). ... There are many relics attributed to Jesus that people believe or believed to be authentic relics of the Gospel accounts. ...

• The Pillar or column where Jesus was whipped, in the episode of the Flagellation.
• The Whips that were used.
• The Crown of Thorns.
• The Cross on which he was crucified. See also the True Cross.
• The Titulus Crucis, attached to the Cross, inscribed "Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum"
• The Nails, inflicting four wounds.
• The Spear of Destiny by which a Roman soldier inflicted the final of the Five Wounds in his side.
• The Holy Grail, the Chalice that caught his blood and which was used by Jesus at The Last Supper.

Look up pillar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Whipping on a post Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, whip) the human body. ... In Christianity, the Crown of Thorns, one of the instruments of the Passion, was the woven chaplet of thorn branches worn by Jesus before his crucifixion. ... The traditional form of the Christian cross, known as the Latin cross. ... According to Christian tradition, the True Cross is the cross upon which Jesus was crucified. ... A Crucifix with the INRI plaque attached, the Holy Spirit Church in Košice, Slovakia A Crucifix with the stylized INRI plaque attached, the cornfields near Mureck in rural Styria, Austria INRI is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase IESVS NAZARENVS REX IVDAEORVM, which translates to English as: Jesus the... Relics that are claimed to be the Holy Nails with which Christ was crucified are objects of veneration among some Christians. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Holy Lance. ... Flag of Georgia, a variant of the Jerusalem cross representing the five Holy Wounds The Five Holy Wounds or Five Sacred Wounds of Christ were the five piercing wounds inflicted upon Jesus during his crucifixion. ... In Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers. ... The Last Supper was the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles before his death. ...

Swearing

Until recent times, most English Language swearing was, like swearing in most other European Languages remains, of a religious nature. In particular, references the Passion were popular phrases for swearing. Due to sound change the original phrases became corrupted, and though many phrases are still familiar to many people, they are now considered mild and barely swearing at all since their religious connection is no longer obvious from the words alone: The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... To swear can mean either to make an oath, or to utter profanity. ... Sound change or phonetic change is a historical process of language change consisting in the replacement of one speech sound or, more generally, one phonetic feature by another in a given phonological environment. ...

• Zounds was originally Gods wounds - in the 17th century this term was considered so offensive that in the UK it was prohibited by an act of parliament
• Gadzooks was originally God's hooks

In Westminster System parliaments, an Act of Parliament is a part of the law passed by the Parliament. ...

Stations of the Cross

In the Catholic Church, the Passion story is depicted in the Stations of the Cross (via crucis, also translated more literally as "Way of the Cross"). In Christianity, the term Catholicism (from Greek: καθολικός (katholikos), meaning general or universal) has two main ecclesiastical meanings, described in Websters Dictionary as: The whole orthodox Christian church, or adherence thereto. ... The Stations of the Cross (or Way of the Cross; in Latin, Via Crucis or Via Dolorosa) refers to the depiction of the final hours (or Passion) of Jesus, and the Catholic devotion commemorating the Passion. ...

Musical settings of Gospel narratives

The reading of the Passion during Holy Week dates back to the 4th century. It began to be intoned (rather than just spoken) in the Middle Ages, at least as early at the 8th century. 9th-century manuscripts have "litterae significativae" indicating interpretive chant, and later manuscript begin to specify exact notes to be sung. By the 1200s different singers were used for different characters in the narrative, a practice which became fairly universal by the 15th century, when polyphonic settings of the turba passages began to appear also. (Turba, while literally meaning "crowd," is used in this case to mean any passage in which more than one speaker speaks simultaneously.) In music, the word texture is often used in a rather vague way in reference to the overall sound of a piece of music. ...

In the later 15th century a number of new styles began to emerge:

• Responsorial Passions set all of Christ's words and the turba parts polyphonically
• Through-composed Passions were entirely polyphonic (also called motet Passions). Jacob Obrecht wrote the earliest extant example of this type.
• Summa Passionis settings were a synopsis of all four Gospels, including the Seven Last Words (a text later set by Haydn and Théodore Dubois). These were discouraged for church use but circulated widely nonetheless.

In the 16th century settings like these, and further developments, were created for the Catholic church by Victoria, William Byrd, Jacobus Gallus, Francisco Guerrero, Orlando di Lasso, and Cypriano de Rore. Jacob Obrecht Jacob Obrecht (November 22, 1458 – late July, 1505) was a Dutch composer of the Renaissance. ... The seven sayings of Jesus on the cross are a traditional collection of seven short phrases uttered by Jesus at his crucifixion gathered from the four Gospels. ... It has been suggested that Papa Haydn be merged into this article or section. ... François Clément Théodore Dubois (August 24, 1837 – June 11, 1924) was a French composer, organist and music teacher. ... Tomás Luis de Victoria (1548 – August 20, 1611) was a gifted Spanish composer of the late Renaissance. ... William Byrd William Byrd (1540? – July 4, 1623) was one of the most celebrated English composers in the Renaissance. ... Jacobus Gallus Carniolus (Jacob Handl) (1550 – July 18, 1591) was a Slovenian composer. ... Francisco Guerrero (October 4 (?), 1528 – November 8, 1599) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance. ... Orlande de Lassus, a. ... Cypriano de Rore or Cipriano de Rore (1515 or 1516 – 11 September to 20 September 1565) was a Flemish composer and teacher. ...

Martin Luther wrote, "The Passion of Christ should not be acted out in words and pretense, but in real life." Despite this, sung Passion performances were common in Lutheran churches right from the start, in both Latin and German, beginning as early as Laetare Sunday (three weeks before Easter) and continuing through Holy Week. Luther’s friend and collaborator Johann Walther wrote responsorial Passions which were used as models by Lutheran composers for centuries, and “summa Passionis” versions continued to circulate, despite Luther’s express disapproval. Later 16th-century passions included choral “exordium” (introduction) and “conclusio” sections with additional texts. In the 17th century came the development of “oratorio” passions which led to J.S. Bach’s passions, accompanied by instruments, with interpolated texts (then called “madrigal” movements) such as sinfonias, other Scripture passages, Latin motets, chorale arias, and more. Such settings were created by Bartholomeus Gesius and Heinrich Schütz. Thomas Strutz wrote a passion (1664) with arias for Jesus himself, pointing to the standard oratorio tradition of Schütz, Carissimi, and (later) Handel, although these composers seem to have thought that putting words in Jesus’ mouth was beyond the pale. The practice of using recitative for the Evangelist (rather than plainsong) was a development of court composers in northern Germany and only crept into church compositions at the end of the 17th century. Luther at age 46 (Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1529) The Luther seal Ancient wax seal, with the inscription D: M. Luther found in Rhone River, Germany Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk, [1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer, whose teachings inspired the Reformation... Laetare Sunday (from the Latin verb laetari, meaning to be joyful) is a name formerly often used, and less commonly used today, to denote the fourth Sunday of the season of Lent in the Christian liturgical calendar. ... Bach redirects here. ... In music, a sinfonia can be one of three things: 1) In the very late Renaissance and early Baroque, a sinfonia was an alternate name for a canzona, fantasia or ricercar. ... In Western music, motet is a word that is applied to a number of highly varied choral musical compositions. ... Heinrich Schütz Heinrich Schütz (October 9, 1585 – November 6, 1672) was a German composer and organist, generally regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach and is often considered to be one of the most important composers of the 17th century along with Claudio Monteverdi. ... An oratorio is a large musical composition for orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. ... Schütz, Schuetz refers to: Alfred Schütz (1899-1959), Soziologe, Philosoph Arthur Schütz (1880-1960), Schriftsteller und Ingenieur, see German article Bernard Schutz Dennis Schuetz Heinrich Schütz (1585-1672), composer Helga Schütz (*1937), Schriftstellerin, see German article Klaus Schütz (*1926), Politiker, see German article Manfred... Giacomo Carissimi (baptized April 18, 1605 – January 12, 1674, Rome), was an Italian composer, one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque, or, more accurately, the Roman School of music. ... HANDEL was the code-name for the UKs National Attack Warning System in the Cold War. ... Recitative, a form of composition often used in operas, oratorios, cantatas and similar works, is described as a melodic speech set to music, or a descriptive narrative song in which the music follows the words. ...

The best known Protestant musical settings of the Passion are by Johann Sebastian Bach, who wrote two Passions which have survived intact to the present day, one based on the Gospel of John (the St. John Passion), the other on the Gospel of Matthew (the St. Matthew Passion). In more recent times, the 20th century Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki has written a St. Luke Passion, based on the Gospel of Luke. Bach redirects here. ... The Gospel according to John is a gospel document in the canon of the New Testament. ... St. ... The Gospel of Matthew (literally: according to Matthew, Greek: Κατά Μαθθαίον or Κατά Ματθαίον ) is one of the four Gospel accounts of the New Testament. ... Bachs St. ... Krzysztof Penderecki. ... The St. ... The Gospel of Luke is the third of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament, which tell the story of Jesus life, death, and resurrection. ...

A relative of the musical Passion is the custom of setting the text of Stabat Mater to music. Mater dolorosa became an iconic type, as in this sixteenth-century Spanish version by Luis de Morales (c. ...

Passion plays

Non-musical settings of the Passion story are generally called Passion plays. One famous cycle is performed at intervals at Oberammergau. The Passion figures among the scenes in the English mystery plays in more than one cycle of dramatic vignettes. There have also been a number of films telling the passion story, with a prominent recent example being The Passion of the Christ. A Passion play is a dramatic presentation depicting the suffering and death of Jesus. ... Oberammergau from the summit of Kofel Oberammergau is a village in Bavaria in Germany, most famous for its production of a passion play depicting the life and death of Jesus. ... Mystery plays or miracle plays are one of the earliest formally developed plays in medieval Europe. ... The Passion of the Christ (2004) is a film about the last twelve hours of the life of Jesus Christ, known to Christians as the Passion. It was directed by Mel Gibson. ...

Notes

1. ^ OED
2. ^ Powerhouse Museum, Sydney, exhibition notes
3. ^ Miller 403
4. ^ Miller 403
5. ^ Brown 11
6. ^ Miller 403
7. ^ Brown 140

References

• Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the New Testament Doubleday 1997 ISBN 0385247672
• Brown, Raymond E. et al. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary Prentice Hall 1990 ISBN 0136149340
• Kilgallen, John J. A Brief Commentary on the Gospel of Mark Paulist Press 1989 ISBN 0809130599
• Miller, Robert J. Editor The Complete Gospels Polebridge Press 1994 ISBN 0060655879

External link

• MSN article - "Why is it called the Passion?"