|
Death by crushing or pressing is a method of execution which has a long history during which the techniques used varied greatly from place to place. This form of execution is no longer sanctioned by any governing body.
 Louis Rousselet described this Central Indian execution in "Le Tour du Monde" in 1868. A common method[citation needed] of death by crushing was through the use of elephants throughout South and South-East Asia for over 4,000 years of recorded history, and perhaps before that. The Romans and Carthaginians also used this method on occasion. See crushing by elephant. Download high resolution version (650x942, 344 KB)A Woodcut of an execution by elephant published in the 1868 issue of Le Tour Du Monde This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Download high resolution version (650x942, 344 KB)A Woodcut of an execution by elephant published in the 1868 issue of Le Tour Du Monde This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Proboscidea is an order including only one extant family, Elephantidae or the elephants, with three species: the Savannah Elephant and Forest Elephant (which were collectively known as the African Elephant), and the Asian Elephant (formerly known as the Indian...
World map showing the location of Asia. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Ruins of Roman-era Carthage For other uses, see Carthage (disambiguation). ...
A condemned prisoner being dismembered by an elephant in Ceylon. ...
History
Peine forte et dure (Law French for "hard and forceful punishment") was a method of torture formerly used in the common law legal system, where a defendant who refused to plead ("stood mute") would be subjected to having heavier and heavier stones placed upon his or her chest until a plea was entered, or as the weight of the stones on the chest became too great for the victim to breathe, fatal suffocation would occur. Law French is an archaic language based on Norman and Anglo-Norman. ...
Torture is defined by the United Nations Convention Against Torture as any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he...
This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ...
A defendant or defender is any party who is required to answer the complaint of a plaintiff or pursuer in a civil lawsuit before a court, or any party who has been formally charged or accused of violating a criminal statute. ...
In legal terminology, a plea is simply an answer to a claim made by someone in a civil or criminal case under common law using the adversary system. ...
Suffocation redirects here, for the band, see Suffocation (band). ...
The common law courts originally took a very limited view of their own jurisdiction. They considered themselves to lack jurisdiction over a defendant until he had voluntarily submitted to it by entering a plea seeking judgment from the court. Obviously, a criminal justice system that punished only those who volunteered for punishment was unworkable; this was the means chosen to coerce them. In law, jurisdiction (from the Latin jus, juris meaning law and dicere meaning to speak) is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area...
Criminal justice system flowchart Criminal justice refers to the system used by government to maintain social control, prevent crime, enforce laws, and administer justice. ...
Many defendants charged with capital offences nonetheless refused to plead, since thereby they would escape forfeiture of property, and their heirs would still inherit their estate; but if the defendant pled guilty and was executed, their heirs would inherit nothing, their property escheating to the Crown. Peine forte et dure was abolished in the United Kingdom in 1772, although the last known actual use of the practice was in 1741[citation needed]. In 1772 refusing to plead was deemed to be equivalent to pleading guilty. This was changed in 1827 to being deemed a plea of not guilty. Today, in all common law jurisdictions, standing mute is treated by the courts as equivalent to a plea of Not Guilty. Escheat is an obstruction of the course of descent and the consequent reversion of property to the original grantor. ...
 Giles Cory was pressed to death during the Salem Witch Trials in the 1690s. The most famous victim in the United Kingdom was the Roman Catholic martyr Saint Margaret Clitherow, who was pressed to death on March 25, 1586, after refusing to plead to the charge of having harboured Catholic (then outlawed) priests in her house (in order to avoid a trial in which her own children would be obliged to give evidence). Image File history File links Gilecory. ...
Image File history File links Gilecory. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Saint Margaret Clitherow is a Catholic Saint who was born in 1556 in York, England and died on March 25, 1586 when she was executed in York. ...
March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ...
1586 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ...
Roman Catholic priests in clerical clothing. ...
The only victim of peine forte et dure in American history was Giles Corey, who was pressed to death on September 19, 1692, during the Salem witch trials, after he refused to enter a plea in the judicial proceeding. According to legend, his last words as he was being crushed were "More weight," and he was thought to be dead as the weight was applied. Giles Corey (also spelled Cory or Coree, 1612 – 19 September 1692) was a farmer and a victim of the Salem witch trials in early colonial America. ...
September 19 is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years). ...
Events February 13 - Massacre of Glencoe March 1 - The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of three women with witchcraft. ...
1876 illustration of the courtroom; the central figure is usually identified as Mary Walcott The Salem witch trials, which began in 1692 (also known as the Salem witch hunt and the Salem witchcraft episode), resulted in a number of convictions and executions for witchcraft in both Salem Village and Salem...
Image File history File links Sacrificio_azteca. ...
Image File history File links Sacrificio_azteca. ...
Page 51 of Book IX from the Florentine Codex. ...
Elsewhere The mode of execution is also reported from Pre-columbian America, notably in the Aztec empire. and actually it was a daily routine by the Aztec "So" (second leader)to crush the sacreficials who oppose the national religion. The word Aztec is usually used as a historical term, although some contemporary Nahuatl speakers would consider themselves Aztecs. ...
References - Summerson, Henry (1983). "The Early Development of Peine Forte et Dure."
- Law, Litigants, and the Legal Profession: Papers Presented to the Fourth British Legal History Conference at the University of Birmingham 10-13 July 1979 ed E. W. Ives & A. H. Manchester, 116-125. Royal Historical Society Studies in History Series 36. London: Humanities Press.
See also - Forfeiture in England and Colonial America
|
Feeds |
Contact