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The term ctenoid usually refers to something with a toothed margin, usually fish scales. It can also refer to an object comb-like in shape.
In some cases, ctenoid scale growth patterns are utilized to determine the age of a fish.
Ctenoid scales are composed of two main regions, a surface layer having a hard shell resulting from crystallized calcium salts, and a deeper layer that is built with collagen-type fibrils.
They include crenate scales having simple indentations on the edges, spinoid scales that are clustered with a network of spines attached to the main scale body, and ctenoid scales that sport ctenii formed as separate bony growths, which are distinct from the scale main body.
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