NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cuban hip hop

Hip hop music arrived in Cuba via radio and TV broadcasts from Miami. During the 1980s hip hop culture in Cuba was mainly centred around breakdancing. But by the 1990s, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the onset of the Special Period, young raperos were seeking ways to express their frustrations. It has been suggested that Cuban folk music be merged into this article or section. ... The batÃ¡ is a double-headed drum shaped like an hourglass with one cone larger than the other. ... This article is for Cuban music style. ... For the dance, see Cha-cha-cha (dance). ... Changui is a style of Cuban music which originated in the early 19th century in the eastern region of GuantÃ¡namo Province. ... A charanga is a Cuban orchestra composed of piano, strings, vocals, flute and Cuban musical style characterized by this kind of orchestration. ... Conga music is a style of Cuban music used to dance Conga. ... DanzÃ³n is the official music of Cuba, and derives from a European-influenced ballroom dance played by Cuban ensembles. ... Roberto Fazz. ... Punto Guajiro (also called Punto Cubano),with its Andalucian origins, has been evolving in Cuba since the 1700s, is the country music from the Western and Central provinces of Cuba. ... Cuban Guaracha Traditionally an early form of peasant street music with satirical lyric content somewhat in the Son rhythm style. ... The habanera is a musical style or genre from Cuba with a characteristic Habanera rhythm; it is one of the oldest mainstays of Cuban music and the first of the dances from Cuba to be exported all over the world. ... Latin jazz is the general term given to music that combines rhythms from African and Latin American countries with jazz harmonies from the United States. ... Mambo is a Cuban musical form and dance style. ... Nueva trova was a movement in Cuban music that emerged in the mid-1960s. ... PilÃ³n is a Cuban musical form and a popular dance created in the 1950s,[1] its creation is often attributed to bandleader and singer Pacho Alonso. ... Rock and roll in Cuba began in the late 1950s, with artists covering American songs translated into Spanish, as was occurring in Mexico at the same time. ... In Cuba, Rumba is a generic term covering a variety of musical rhythms and associated dances. ... Salsa Dance is the name given in New York to Casino Dance, developed in Havana in the early 1960s. ... Son is a style of Cuban music which became popular in the second half of the 19th century in the eastern province of Oriente. ... Arsenio Rodríguez initially developed son montuno from son. ... Timba is the Cuban counterpart of salsa music, and is often understood to be a sub-category of salsa. ... The Beny MorÃ© Memorial Award is an annual award presented by the International Latin Music Hall of Fame to an individual who has helped to popularize Latin music throughout the world, in honor of the late Cuban artist Benny MorÃ©. 2003: JosÃ© Alberto El Canario 2002: Larry Harlow 2001: Joe... A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality or locality of musicians, or holiday. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogising the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognised either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... El Himno de Bayamo (The Bayamo Anthem) is the national anthem of Cuba. ... The music of the Caribbean is a diverse grouping of musical genres. ... The music of the Lesser Antilles encompasses the musics of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago, Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Virgin Islands, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Montserrat. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... See TV (disambiguation) for other uses and Television (band) for the rock band European networks National In much of Europe television broadcasting has historically been state dominated, rather than commercially organised, although commercial stations have grown in number recently. ... This article is about the city in Florida. ... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... A breakdancer performing a one-handed freeze (also known as a pike) in the streets of Paris. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... A decrepit street in Trinidad, Cuba showing signs of the economic decline in Cuba since the collapse of the Soviet Union The Special Period in Peacetime (Spanish: PerÃodo especial en tiempo de paz ) in Cuba was an extended period of economic crisis that began in 1991 after the collapse...

Early days: Importation

Initially hip hop was viewed with suspicion, not just by the government, but by many in the community as well. With raperos emulating US rappers' aggressive posturing and lyrical content, hip hop was seen as just another cultural invasion from the US, bringing with it the violence and problems of the ghettos^{[citation needed]}. A ghetto is an area where people from a specific racial or ethnic background live as a group in seclusion, voluntarily or involuntarily. ...

Gradually this began to change as raperos began to express their own reality and make use of traditional Cuban culture.

Birth of a Cuban scene

The change in both attitude towards hip hop and the move towards home grown expression was in part facilitated by the involvement of Nehanda Abiodun^{[citation needed]}, a U.S. Black Liberation Army activist in political exile in Cuba. Logo of the Black Liberation Army The Black Liberation Army (BLA) was an underground, black nationalist-Marxist organization that operated in the United States from 1971 to 1981. ...

Upset with what she saw as blind imitation of commercial US rap culture with its depiction of thug life, violence, and misogyny, Abiodun began working with the Malcom X Grassroots Movement in the US to bring progressive US hip hop artists to Cuba^{[citation needed]}. This led to the Black August benefit concerts held in New York and Havana^{[citation needed]}. Look up thug in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Alternative hip hop (also known as alternative rap) is a genre that is defined in greatly varying ways. ... RESISTANCE: THE ORIGIN OF BLACK AUGUST Black August originated in the concentration camps of California to honor fallen Freedom Fighters, Jonathan Jackson, George Jackson, William Christmas, James McClain and Khatari Gaulden. ... This article is about the state. ... This article is about the capital of Cuba. ...

Another contributor to hip hop's recognition as authentic Cuban culture was Grupo Uno, a collective from an East Havana cultural center, and rock promoter Rodolfo Renzoli^{[citation needed]}. In 1995, with the help of the Asociación Hermanos Saíz (AHS), an offshoot of the Communist Youth Organization that promotes young artists, they began an annual hip hop festival in the Havana district of Alamar, seen by many as the birthplace of Cuban hip hop^{[citation needed]}. Ariel Fernández of AHS compares Cuban hip hop with the Nueva Trova of the 1960s - a revolution within the revolution. In his words, "The social role it is playing is very important, Cuban rap is criticizing the deficiencies that exist in society, but in a constructive way, educating youth and opening spaces to create a better society." Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Alamar is a district in east part of the city of La Havana in Cuba. ... Nueva trova was a movement in Cuban music that emerged in the mid-1960s. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ...

Cuban hip hop takes place within the context of Fidel Castro's maxim "within the revolution everything" which allows for critical debate as long as it isn't seen to be counter-revolutionary. Inevitably, as an art form based on individuals' expressions of everyday life, Cuban hip hop often finds itself at the cutting edge of this boundary. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ...

As such raperos often find themselves harassed by the Cuban police, whose job includes guarding against counter-revolutionary acts. However the perception of what is and what is not counter-revolutionary is a debate unto itself.

To illustrate the dynamics of the situation, during one instance of police trying to shut a hip hop event down for being subversive, the minister of culture arrived to insist that what was taking place was vital to the revolution and must go ahead^{[citation needed]}.

Harry Belafonte is credited with explaining hip hop culture to Fidel Castro at a luncheon. Fidel was so impressed that he called hip hop "the vanguard of the revolution" and was even seen rapping alongside the group Doble Filo at the opening of a baseball game. Harold George Belafonete, Jr. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ... This article is about the sport. ...

Recent events

In 2002 the government formed the Agencia Cubana de Rap (The Cuban Rap Agency) with its own record label and hip hop magazine to help promote the art form on the island. Weekly radio and TV shows were launched. Also see: 2002 (number). ... In the music industry, a record label is a brand and a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

With official sanction and resources the Alamar Rap festival was transformed into an annual International Hip Hop festival held in August. The event has attracted many international artists including from the US amongst others, Mos Def, Talib Kweli, The Roots, Common and Dead Prez. Workshops, film screenings and talks are held in conjunction debating culture and lyrical content. Mos Def (born Dante Terrell Smith on December 11, 1973 in Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.), is an American rapper and actor. ... Talib Kweli (born Talib Kweli Greene in Brooklyn, New York City on October 3, 1975) is an American MC from Brooklyn, New York. ... The Roots, also variously known as The Legendary Roots Crew, The Fifth Dynasty, The Square Roots and The Foundation, are an influential, Grammy-winning hip-hop band based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, famed for a heavily jazzy sound and live instrumentation. ... Lonnie Rashid Lynn, Jr. ... Dead Prez is a critically acclaimed underground hip-hop duo of alternative rappers stic. ...

It is estimated that there are some 500 hip hop groups in Cuba^{[citation needed]}. However, whilst there has been much academic and media interest in Cuban hip hop, few Cuban groups have managed to be heard outside of the island.

The first group to achieve international success were Los Orishas, who are now based in France. Orishas is a popular Cuban hip hop group. ...

In 2002 the album Cuban Hip Hop Allstars, produced by Pablo Herrera, was released in the US featuring some of the best groups at that time. Pablo Herrera is the name of the following: Pablo Herrera (volleyball player), Olympic silver medalist Pablo Herrera (politician), Head of State in Ecuador in 1883 Pablo Herrera Barrantes, Costa Rican footballer Category: ...

Another group to be released internationally via Italy is Clan 537 who found fame with "Quien Tiro La Tiza" (Who Threw the Chalk)^{[citation needed]}.

In 2003 Europe based female Cuban singer Addys D'Mercedes released her innovative album "Nomad" mixing her Cuban roots with elements of hip hop, house and R&B^{[citation needed]}. Europe-based female singer Addys DMercedes fuses her Cuban heritage with elements of rock, hip hop, house and RnB. Albums 2001 Mundo Nuevo (Media Luna) 2003 Nomad (Media Luna) Singles / Videoclips: Mundo Nuevo | Gitana Loca | Esa Voz Latin House Remixes : Oye Colombia (4tune twins) , Cha Ka Cha (Ramon Zenker...

Many other groups resort to free Internet MP3 providers to get their music heard^{[citation needed]}. For other uses, see MP3 (disambiguation). ...

Films

External links

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since October 2007 | Cuban hip hop Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Rap redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For other meanings of DJ, see DJ (disambiguation). ... Turntablism is the art ofSubscript text manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables and an audio mixer. ... Hip hop is a subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa. ... A boy hitting (holding) a pike Breakdance (media coined phrase), also known as breaking, b-girling or b-boying, is a street dance style that evolved as part of the hip hop movement that originated among African American youths in the South Bronx of New York City during the early... For other uses, see Graffiti (disambiguation). ... Faada Freddy of the Senegalese rap crew Daara J in Germany, 2005. ... Breakdance, the first hip hop dance style, performed at MTV Street Festival, Thailand. ... // In Hip hop music, people individually and separately vocalize over beats, instrumental tracks, usually consisting of repeated phrases. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Old school hip hop is a term used to describe the very earliest hip hop music to come out of the block parties of New York City in the 1970s and 1980s. ... The golden age of hip hop, derivative of old school hip hop, was probably introduced with the popularity of Run-DMCs 1986 album Raising Hell. ... New school hip hop is a rarely-heard term referring to hip hop created later in the forms development, contrasted with old school hip hop. ... 2007, the year in hop hip. ... See also: Category:Hip hop genres Hip hop music can be subdivided into subgenres, fusions with other genres and regional hip hop scenes. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... East Coast hip hop is a style of hip hop music that originated in New York City during the early-1970s. ... West Coast hip hop, also known as West Coast rap or California hip hop, is a style of hip hop music that originated in California in the early 1980s. ... Midwest hip-hop is a style of hip hop music originated within the Midwestern United States. ... This is a list of influential albums in the history of hip hop music. ... For other article subjects named Jazz see jazz (disambiguation). ... Funk is a distinct style of music originated by African-Americans, e. ... Slang is the use of highly informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speakers dialect or language. ... In the United States, African American culture or Black culture includes the various cultural traditions of African American communities. ...

Contents

Early days: Importation GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Birth of a Cuban scene

Recent events

Films

External links

Early days: Importation