The Cuisine of Pakistan (Urdu: طعام پاکستانی ) can be described as fusion of cuisine from three Asian regions - South Asia, Central Asia, and Middle East. Pakistani cuisine is often spicy and also known for its richness.^[1] The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in Urdu Urdu () is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family that developed under Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, and Sanskrit influence in South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

Within Pakistan, the food also varies greatly from region to region, reflecting the country's ethnic, cultural and culinary diversity. The cuisine in Sindh and the Punjab can be very hot and spicy characterizing the South Asian flavour. Food in the North-West Frontier Province, Baluchistan and Northern Areas involves the usage of mild aromatic spices and little oil is used characterizing the Central Asian and Middle Eastern influence. The main course is served with wheat bread (tandoori bread) or rice. Salad generally is taken with the main course rather than before. Assorted fresh fruit or desserts are consumed at the end. Sindh (Sindhī: سنڌ, Urdū: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. ... This article is about the Pakistani province. ... The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Urdu: śimāl maġribī sarhadī sūba شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. ... Baluchistan (or Balochistan), also known as Greater Baluchistan is an arid region of south Asia, presently split between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ...

Meat (mainly beef) plays a more dominant role in Pakistani food, compared to other South Asian cuisines. According to a 2003 report, an average Pakistani consumed three times more meat than an average Indian. ^[2] Of all the meats, the most popular are: beef, goat, and chicken. Seafood is generally not consumed in large amounts. For other uses, see Meat (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Beef (disambiguation). ... Map of South Asia South Asia is a subregion of Asia comprising the modern states of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, . It covers about 4,480,000 km², or 10 percent of the continent, and is also known as the Indian subcontinent. ...

International cuisine and fast food are popular in cities. Blending local and foreign recipes (fusion food) is common in large urban centres. Furthermore, as a result of lifestyle changes, ready made masalas (mixed and ready to use spices) are becoming increasingly popular. However, given the diversity of the people of Pakistan, cuisines generally differ from home to home and maybe be totally different than the mainstream Pakistani cuisine. This is a combination of Japanese and Vietnamese cuisine: smoked salmon wrapped in rice paper, with avocado, cucumber, and crab stick. ...

Curries

Curries, with or without meat, combined with local vegetables such as bitter gourd, cauliflower, eggplant, okra, cabbage, potatoes, rutabaga, saag and spinach are some of the most common and often cooked for everyday eating. This article is about the dish. ... It has been suggested that Foo qua be merged into this article or section. ... Cauliflower within Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. ... Aubergine redirects here. ... Binomial name (L.) Moench Okra (American English: , British English ), also known as ladys finger[1], bhindi (Hindustani) and gumbo, is a flowering plant in the mallow family (along with such species as cotton and cocoa) valued for its edible green fruits. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Mill. ... Saag is a curry-like side dish eaten with Indian bread like roti, paratha, etc. ... Binomial name Spinacia oleracea L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ...

An iconic Pakistani dish is karahi, either mutton or chicken cooked in a tomato sauce. This dish is enjoyed all over Pakistan and to reflect the country's diversity, karahi differs a little depending on the region it is being cooked. A wok sits next to a karahi on a Western-style stove. ... A wok sits next to a karahi on a Western-style stove. ...

Lentils

Various kinds of pulses also make up an important part of the Pakistani dishes. Lentils, called dal, have nevertheless traditionally been considered as an inexpensive food source and hotel/restaurants may only offer a limited variety of these dishes. Lentil dishes are also typically not served when guests are invited at home or during special occasions. The one main exception is haleem which contains a variety of lentils along with meat. A batch of haleem will typically take over five hours to cook. A similar dish of Kashmiri origin is Hareesa, which also incorporates lentils and meat and is a slow cooked item The Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) defines pulses as annual leguminous crops yielding from one to 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape and colour within a pod. ... Binomial name Lens culinaris Medikus Red lentils Lentils (Lens culinaris, Fabaceae) are lens-shaped pulses that grow on an annual, bushlike plant. ... Masoor dal Masoor dal prepared using traditional yellow dal recipe Dal (also spelled dhal, dahl, or daal, daar) is a preparation of pulses which have been stripped of their outer hulls and split, as well as a thick, spicy stew prepared therefrom, a mainstay of Indian and Pakistani cuisine. ... Haleem is a thick Indian, high calarie dish, brought to the Indian sub-continent by Persians. ...

Tandoori/Barbecue

Barbecue food is extremely popular and is a speciality of various cities of Punjab such as Lahore, Gujranwala and Sialkot. All BBQ dishes incorporate a variety of herbs and spices and are therefore very flavourful rather than being just dominated by chilli. Among well known dishes are chicken tikka,Mutton Tikka, Sheekh Kebab, Bihari Kebab and chakna. Sajji is a Baluchi dish from Western Pakistan, made of lamb stuffed with rice, that has also become popular all over the country. A barbecue on a trailer at a block party in Kansas City. ...   (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... Gujranwala (Urdu: گوجرانوالہ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan with a population of 1,132,509 (1998 census). ... Sialkot (Urdu/Punjabi: ), the capital of Sialkot District, is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in Pakistan at the feet of the snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. ... Chicken tikka ready to be served or used in a chicken tikka masala. ... Chakna (or chaakna) is a spicy stew made out of goat tripe and other animal parts. ... Sajji is a native dish of the desert province of Balochistan, Pakistan. ... When referring to central asian peoples, Baluchi is an alernative spalling of Balochi (qv). ...

Rice Dishes

Dishes made with rice include pullao and biryani. Pilaf, (Turkish pilav, Bosnian pilav, Armenian pilav, Romanian pilaf, Greek πιλάφι, India pulao, Uzbek plov) also spelled pilau, perloo, perlau, plaw, pilaw, and pilaff is a Middle Eastern and Central Asian dish in which a grain, such as rice or cracked wheat, is generally first browned in oil, and then cooked... Iraqi Biryani (as served in Amman, Jordan) The name biryani or biriani (Urdu بریانی ;Hindi बिरयानी) is derived[1] from the Persian word beryā(n) (بریان) which means fried or roasted. Biryani is a family of Middle Eastern, Southern Asian dishes made from a mixture of spices, rice (usually basmati), meat/vegetables and...

All of the main dishes (except those made with rice) are eaten alongside bread. To eat, a small fragment of bread is torn off with the right hand and used to scoop and hold small portions of the main dish. Pickles made out of mangoes, carrots, lemon etc. are also commonly used to further spice up the food. “Achar”, the Hindi word for a variety of spicy pickled side dish or condiment, redirects here. ... Species About 35 species, including: Mangifera altissima Mangifera applanata Mangifera caesia Mangifera camptosperma Mangifera casturi Mangifera decandra Mangifera foetida Mangifera gedebe Mangifera griffithii Mangifera indica Mangifera kemanga Mangifera laurina Mangifera longipes Mangifera macrocarpa Mangifera mekongensis Mangifera odorata Mangifera pajang Mangifera pentandra Mangifera persiciformis Mangifera quadrifida Mangifera siamensis Mangifera similis Mangifera... This article is about the cultivated vegetable. ... This article is about the fruit. ...

Varieties of bread

Non-Punjabi Pakistanis eat flat round bread (roti) as a staple part of their daily diet. Basmati is the most popular type of rice consumed and is the staple in Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan has a variety of breads, often prepared in a traditional clay oven called a tandoor. Some of these are: It has been suggested that Chapati be merged into this article or section. ... A staple food is a food that forms the basis of a traditional diet. ... Brown basmati rice Basmati (Hindi: , IAST: , Urdu: ) is a variety of long grain rice, famous for its fragrance and delicate flavour. ... An Indian chef places bread into a modern tandoor A tandoor is a cylindrical clay oven used in Punjab region, northern India and Pakistan in which food is cooked over a hot charcoal fire. ...

• Chapatis - Most common bread at home, made of whole wheat flour. They are thin and unleavened.
• Naan - Unlike chapatis, naans are slightly thicker, typically leavened with yeast and mainly made with white flour. They may also be sprinkled with sesame seeds called Kulcha. They are often served with Sri Paya and Nihari for breakfast.
• Tandoor bread - These are extremely popular all over Pakistan. They are baked in a clay oven and are consumed with just about anything.
• Roghni naan - Naan sprinkled with sesame seeds and covered with a minute amount of oil.
• Sheermal - Prepared with milk and butter, and is a vital part of food served in marriages, along with Taftan. It is often sweetened and is particularly enjoyed by the kids.
• Taftan. This is a leavened flour bread with saffron and small cardamom powder baked in a clay oven.
• Kandahari naan - Long naan originally from Western Pakistan.
• Paratha - A flat many layered chapati separated by ghee (similar to pastry dough), originating from Punjab. Parathas are commonly eaten for breakfast and can also be served with a variety of stuffing.
• Puri - Is typically eaten with Halwa or Bhujia (made out of chickpeas and potatoes).

Halwa Purian or Bhujia with Puri (now commonly known as Poorian) has also become a typical breakfast in Pakistan. They are sold sometimes on make shift carts or otherwise in breakfast stores. An Indian girl baking chapatis. ... Whole wheat flour is a powdery substance derived by grinding or mashing the whole wheat grain. ... A bakery near Kabul, Afghanistan Naan (Hindi: नान, Urdu/Persian: نان, IPA [nɑn]) is a round flatbread made of white flour. ... Typical divisions Ascomycota (sac fungi) Saccharomycotina (true yeasts) Taphrinomycotina Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts) Basidiomycota (club fungi) Urediniomycetes Sporidiales Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic micro organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with about 1,500 species described;[1] they dominate fungal diversity in the oceans. ... For other uses, see Flour (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Sesamum indicum L. Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum. ... A glass of cows milk. ... For other uses, see Butter (disambiguation). ... Taftan (Persian: تفتان) is a leavened flour bread with saffron and small cardamom powder baked in a clay oven. ... Taftan (Persian: تفتان) is a leavened flour bread with saffron and small cardamom powder baked in a clay oven. ... For Indo-Scythian kings of Baluchistan, see Paratarajas Aloo (potato) paratha Parathas being made and served hot, Parathe Wali Gali in Delhi, Dec 2006. ... Ghee in a jar Ghee (Hindi घी, Urdu گھی, Punjabi ਘੋ, Kashmiri ग्याव/گیاو - from Sanskrit घृत sprinkled; also known in Arabic as سمن, samn, meaning ghee or fat) is a class of clarified butter that originates in the Indian subcontinent, and continues to be important in Indian cuisine as well as Egyptian cuisine. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... Puri A puri or poori is a South Asian unleavened bread primarily found in Northern India made from a dough of atta (whole grain durum wheat flour), water and salt by rolling it out into discs of approximately the size of palm and deep frying it in ghee or vegetable... Binomial name Cicer arietinum L. The chickpea, garbanzo bean or bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) is an edible pulse of the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family, subfamily India. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ... Breakfast is the first meal of the day, eaten in the morning. ...

Kebabs

A Middle Eastern influence on Pakistani cuisine is the popularity of grilled meats such as kababs or kebabs. Kababs from Balochistan and the North-West Frontier Province tend to be identical to the Afghan style of barbecue, with salt and coriander being the only seasoning used while kebabs in Sindh tend to be spicy. Lahore is famous for its kebabs and they are spicy and are often marinated in a mixture of spices, lemon juice and yoghurt. Balochistan, or Ballsforchinstan, Balochi, Pashto, Urdu: بلوچستان) is a province in Pakistan, the largest in the country by geographical area. ... The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Urdu: śimāl maġribī sarhadī sūba شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. ... A barbecue on a trailer at a block party in Kansas City. ... For other uses, see Coriander (disambiguation). ... Cacık, a Turkish cold appetiser yoghurt variety. ...

Meat including beef, chicken, and lamb are prominent in Pakistani cuisine. Kababs made out of lamb and chicken such as Seekh kebab, Shami kebab and Chapli kebab (a speciality of Peshawar) are especially popular. Pork is not consumed in Pakistan due to Islamic dietary laws. For other uses, see Beef (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Left to right: Chenjeh Kabab, Kabab Koobideh, Jujeh Kabab Kebab (kebap in Turkish, kabab in Iran, India and Pakistan, Kabab or كباب in Arabic, also spelled kebob, kabob) means grilled (or broiled) meat in Persian and Turkish. ...   (Urdu: پشاور; Pashto: پښور) literally means City on the Frontier in Persian and is known as Pekhawar in Pashto. ... For other uses, see Pork (disambiguation). ...

Types of kebabs (mainly made of Beef or Lamb) are:

• Seekh Kebab (سيخ کباب)

A long skewer of Beef mixed with herbs and seasonings.

• Shami Kabab (شامي کباب)

A Shami Kabab is a small patty of minced beef or chicken and ground chickpeas and spices. Small patties of minced beef or chicken and ground chickpeas and spices which are fried in oil and are an etremely popular snack in India and Pakistan. ... For other uses, see Beef (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Binomial name Cicer arietinum L. The chickpea, garbanzo bean or bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) is an edible pulse of the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family, subfamily India. ...

• Chapli Kabab (چپلي کباب)

A spicy round kabab made of ground beef and cooked in animal fat which is a speciality of the North West Frontier Province. North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) is geographically the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. ...

• Chicken Kabab (مرغ کباب)

A popular kabab that is found both with bone and without. Not so common as the traditional Kebabs.

• Lamb Kabab (کبابِ برہ گوشت)

The all lamb meat kabab is usually served as cubes.

• Bihari Kabab (بﮩاری کباب)

Skewer of Beef mixed with herbs and seasoning.

• Shishleek

grilled baby lamb chops (usually from the leg), typically marinated

• Bun Kabab

A unique kabab sandwich. Bun Kabab is a popular sandwich in Pakistan. ...

Alhamra Restaurant and Bundukhan Kebab House are famous through Pakistan for their taste and variety of Kebabs. Kebab House is the most profitable food business in Pakistan.

Desserts

Main article: List of Pakistani desserts

Popular desserts include Peshawari Ice cream, Sheer Khurma, Kulfi, Falooda, Kheer , Rasmalai, Zerdah, Firini, Gajer ka Halwah, Karachi halwa, and Rubri. Pakistan has a long list of sweets. Some of the most popular are Gulab jamun, Barfi, Qalaqand and various kinds of Halvah like Multani Sohen Halvah and Hubshee Halwah.Famous sweets shop include Sohny Sweets Clifton, Dilpasand Sweets, Nirala Sweets etc. Kulfi is a popular South Asian dessert made with boiled milk. ... A glass of falooda Falooda is a South Asian refreshment drink made by mixing milk, vermicelli, basil seeds (sabja/takmaria), tutti frutti and sugar along with ice cream. ... Kheer (Sanskrit: Payasam, Oriya: Kheeri) is a traditional dish in the Indian subcontinent, a rice pudding typically made by boiling rice with milk and sugar. ... Ras Malai is a sweet dish found in the Indian subcontinent consisting of sugary, cream to yellow-colored balls (or flattened balls) of cottage or riccotta cheese soaked in sweetened, thickened, creamy milk. ... Gulab jamun (gul-aab jaa-mun) is a popular Indian sweet dish comprised of fried dough in a sweet syrup flavoured with cardamom seeds and rosewater or saffron. ... Tray of barfi Fig barfi Barfi or burfi is an Indian sweet. ... Halva (modern English spelling), halava (Sanskrit transliteration), halvah (Hebrew transliteration), halawi (Arabic transliteration), helva (Turkish transliteration) or halwa (alternate Hindi transliteration) is a confection made from semolina. ...

Drinks

Pakistanis drink a great deal of tea (chai). Both black and green tea (sabz chai/ qehwa) are popular though qehwa is often served after every meal in the NWFP province. Kashmiri chai, a pink milky tea with pistachios and cardamom, is drunk primarily at weddings and during the winter when it is sold in many kiosks. In northern Pakistan (Chitral and the Northern Areas), salty buttered Tibetan style tea is consumed. For other uses, see Tea (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Chai (disambiguation). ... Qehwa or Kehwa (Urdu: قہوہ ) is a green tea in Pakistan. ... Qehwa or Kehwa (Urdu: قہوہ ) is a green tea in Pakistan. ... North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) is geographically the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Binomial name Pistacia vera L. The Pistachio (Pistacia vera, Anacardiaceae; sometimes placed in Pistaciaceae) is a small tree up to 10 m tall, native to southwestern Asia (Iran west to the Levant). ... This article is about the herbs. ... This article is about the town of Chitral. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ...

Besides tea, there are other drinks that may be included as part of the Pakistani cuisine. All of them are non-alcoholic as the consumption of alcohol is prohibited by Islam. For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...

• Lassi - Milk with yoghurt, with an either sweet or salty taste
• Rooh Afza - A traditional syrup mixed with water or milk, especially during Ramadhan
• Gola Ganda - Different types of flavours over crushed ice
• Sugarcane juice (Ganaay ka ras)
• Lemonade
• Sherbet
• Almond Sherbet
• Sherbet-e-Sandal - Drink made with the essence of Sandle wood

During the 20th century, drinks such as coffee and cold drinks (soft drinks) have also become popular in Pakistan. It is very common to have cold drinks nowadays with Pakistani meals. Lassi is a traditional North Indian beverage, originally from Punjab made by blending yogurt with water, salt, and spices until frothy. ... Rooh Afza is a a popular concentrated syrup invented by Hakeem Abdul Majeed and manufactured by the companies he founded, Hamdard (Wakf) Laboratories, India and Hamdard (Wakf) Laboratories, Pakistan, since 1907. ... Ramadan or Ramadhan (Arabic: رمضان ) is the ninth month of the Islamic year. ... Snow cone with cherry syrup A snow cone (or sno cone) is a dessert item usually made of crushed or shaved ice flavored with brightly colored sugary syrup, usually fruit-flavored. ... Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical... This article is about the drink made with lemons. ... Sherbet (Etymology: Turkish & Persian; Turkish serbet, from Persian & Urdu sharbat, from Arabic sharba drink) (British and American English) or Sherbert (Australian English and New Zealand English, also a variant used in American English) historically was a cool effervescent or iced fruit soft drink. ...

Eating Habits

Pakistanis generally consume three meals a day. This comprises of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. During evening time, many families have tea which goes along with baked/fried goods from local bakery (or prepared at home). During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, the eating patterns change to: Sehri and Iftar. Breakfast is the first meal of the day, eaten in the morning. ... Lunch is an abbreviation of luncheon, meaning a midday meal. ... Look up Dinner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about religious observances during the month of Ramadan. ... Suhoor is the Arabic name given to the meal eaten early in the morning by Muslims before fasting in daylight hours during Ramadan. ... Iftar (Arabic: إفطار), refers to the evening meal for breaking the daily fast during the Islamic month of Ramadan. ...

Breakfast

A typical Pakistani breakfast consists of: eggs (boiled/scrambled/fried/omelete), slice bread (pan fried/toasted), parathas (lacha/qeema/normal), qeema (mince meat), fresh fruits (mangoes, apples, bananas), milk, honey, butter, jam, shami kababs, and nuts. During holidays and weekends, halwa puri is also favoured. In the Punjab area and in industrial Karachi, breakfast might include nihari and siri-payee. Due to the hot weather and comparatively more amounts of physical activity, Pakistani breakfasts tend to be very heavy.

Lunch

A typical Pakistani lunch consists of lentils along with bread or rice. Another popular lunch dish is potatoes with meat curry. Other curries such as meat combined with cabbage or biryani is also popular. Alternatively, for workers, nihari, bun kebab sandwich, and fried fish is regarded highly.

Dinner

Dinner is considered the main meal of the day as the whole family gathers for the occasion. Lentils are almost never consumed for dinner as they are usually considered a day time meal. Food which requires more preparation and is more savoury (such as haleem, pulao, kebabs) are prepared. These are served with rice or bread (or both) along with yoghurt, and salad. The dinner may (not commonly) be followed by desert ranging anything from simple gulab jamun or ras malai to something different (i.e. apple pie or ice cream).

See also

• Food Street
• Culture of Pakistan
• Nihari Houses
• List of Pakistani spices
• List of Pakistani condiments

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Food street in Gawalmandi, Lahore is a centre of traditional Pakistani food. ... The 17th Century Badshahi Mosque built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore The society of Pakistan (Urdu: ثقافت پاکستان), although relatively diverse depending on which one of Pakistans provinces, has been greatly influenced by the cultures of Central Asia and the Middle East. ... Nihari is originally a dish from the Muslims of Delhi and is most popular in Pakistan. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This page lists articles on Wikipedia that are related to Pakistan. ... A relief map of Pakistan showing historic sites. ... Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro. ... Map of early Iron Age Vedic India after Witzel (1989). ... Founder of empires: Cyrus, The Great is still revered in modern Iran as he was in all the successor Persian Empires. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... Ashoka redirects here. ... A representation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which was erected around 250 BCE. It is the emblem of India. ... The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (or Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom) covered the areas of Bactria and Sogdiana, comprising todays northern Afghanistan and parts of Central Asia, the easternmost area of the Hellenistic world, from 250 to 125 BCE. The expansion of the Greco-Bactrians into northern India from 180 BCE established... The Buddha, in Greco-Buddhist style, 1st-2nd century CE, Gandhara (Modern Pakistan). ... The Indo-Greek Kingdom (or sometimes Graeco-Indian Kingdom[2]) covered various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent from 180 BCE to around 10 CE, and was ruled by a succession of more than thirty Hellenic and Hellenistic kings,[3] often in conflict with each other. ... Tetradrachm of Menander I in Greco-Bactrian style (Alexandria-Kapisa mint). ... Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ... Flag Umayyad Empire at its greatest extent Capital Damascus Capital-in-exile Córdoba Language(s) Arabic Religion Islam Government Monarchy History  - Established 660  - Disestablished 750 Mashriq Dynasties  Maghrib Dynasties  The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic,بنو أمية ) (Banu Umayyah), whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first... Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (Arabic: محمد بن قاسم) (c. ... For the English cricketer, See Vikram Solanki The Solanki or Chalukya is a Hindu Gurjar,Rajput dynasty of India, who ruled the kingdom of Gujarat from the 10th to the 13th centuries. ... The Ghaznavid Empire (سلسله غزنویان in Persian) was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. ... Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... Coin of Muizzuddin Muhammad Bin Sam , circa 1173 AD - 1206 AD , Issued from Delhi following coin typology of Prithviraja. ... Language(s) Pashto Religion(s) Islam (predominantly Sunni) Pashtuns (Pashto: پشتون or پختون , also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns), also called Pathans (Urdu: پٹھان, Hindi: पठान ), ethnic Afghans,[10] or synonymously Afghans[11] (Persian: افغان ), are an Eastern Iranian ethno-linguistic group with populations primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan and in the North-West... Lodhi (also sometimes Lodi) is a Pashtun tribe, most likely a sub-group of the larger Ghilzai of Afghanistan and Pakistan who were part of a wave of Pashtuns who pushed east into what is today Pakistan and India. ... During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in South Asia. ... The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنتِ ہند) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنتِ دلی) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ... Qutb-ud-din Aybak was a ruler of Medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Mamluk dynasty). ... Khilij Dynasty Khilji or Khalji (Urdu / Pashto: خلجی خاندان) was a ruling dynasty that was made-up of ethnic ghilzai afghans(called pushtunes or pathans). ... Zāhir ud-DÄ«n Mohammad, commonly known as Bābur (February 14, 1483 – December 26, 1530) (Chaghatay/Persian: ; also spelled ), was a Muslim Emperor from Central Asia who founded the Mughal dynasty of India. ... Mughal Empire at its greatest extent in 1700 Capital Lahore, Delhi, Agra , Kabul, Lucknow and Bhopal Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai; later also Urdu) Government Absolute Monarchy , Unitary Government with a federal structure Emperor  - 1526-1530 Babur  - 1530–1539 and after restoration 1555–1556 Humayun  - 1556–1605 Akbar  - 1605... Nāder Shāh Afshār (Persian: ; also known as Nāder Qoli Beg - نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khān - تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 6, 1698[1] – June 19, 1747) ruled as Shah of Iran (1736–47) and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. ... The Durrani Empire was a larger state that included modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, parts of eastern Iran and western India. ... Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjabi: ), also called Sher-e-Punjab (The Lion of the Punjab) (1780-1839) was a Sikh ruler of the Punjab. ... Belligerents Afghanistan British Empire Commanders Dost Mohammad, Akbar Khan John Keane, William Elphinstone Casualties and losses 7,000+ killed & wounded 5,062 killed Afghan civilians = Unknown British civilians = 12,000 killed The First Anglo–Afghan War lasted from 1839 to 1842. ... The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846), resulted in partial subjugation of the Sikh kingdom by the British East India Company. ... The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849), resulted in the subjugation of the Sikh kingdom and absorption of the Punjab into lands controlled by the British East India Company. ... The Rise of Dost Mohammad It was not until 1826 that the energetic Dost Mohammad was able to exert sufficient control over his brothers to take over the throne in Kabul, where he proclaimed himself amir. ... Pakistani Baluchistan was conquered by the British Empire on October 1, 1887. ... The Rise of Dost Mohammad It was not until 1826 that the energetic Dost Mohammad was able to exert sufficient control over his brothers to take over the throne in Kabul, where he proclaimed himself amir. ... The All India Muslim League (Urdu: مسلم لیگ), founded at Dhaka in 1906, was a political party in British India that developed into the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... Following are Fourteen Points of Mr. ... Minar-e-Pakistan, where Pakistan Resolution was passed The Lahore Resolution, commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution,[1] was the National documentation and a formal political statement adopted by the All India Muslim League at the occasion of its three-day general session on 22-24 March 1940 that called... This article is under construction. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders General K M Cariappa, Lt Gen S M Shrinagesh, Maj Gen K S Thimayya, Maj Gen Kalwant Singh Maj Gen Akbar Khan Casualties 1,104 killed[1](Indian army) 684 KIA(State Forces)[2] [3] 3,152 wounded [1] 1,500 killed[4] (Pakistan army) The... The Central Treaty Organization (also referred to as CENTO, original name was Middle East Treaty Organization or METO, also known as the Baghdad Pact) was adopted in 1955 by Iraq, Turkey, Pakistan, and Iran, as well as the United Kingdom. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri Harbakhsh Singh Ayub Khan Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800 killed[2] (September 6 - 22) 4,000 - 8,000 killed/ captured[3][4][5] (July to September 6) The Indo-Pakistani War... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Pakistan Commanders Col. ... Combatants  India  Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357-500 killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POW.[7] The Kargil War, also known... // Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan with its population being the second largest in the world after Mumbai. ... The Durand Line is the term for the 2,640 kilometer (1,610 mile) border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. ... National Parks of Pakistan There are 14 National Parks in Pakistan. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: بحر العرب; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... The Clifton beach seafront, Karachi Clifton Beach, on the Arabian Sea, is a beach in Clifton, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, one of the neighborhoods of Saddar Town, Karachi. ... Sandspit Beach is situated north west of Karachi. ... Hawkes Bay or Hawkesbay is a popular beach and a neighborhood located in Kiamari Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... ‹ The template below (Citations missing) is being considered for deletion. ... Indus River Delta The Indus River Delta occurs where the Indus River flows into the Arabian Sea in Pakistan. ... Guddu Barrage is a barrage across river Indus, near Sukkur in Pakistan. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... The Kalabagh dam is a mega water reservoir that Government of Pakistan is planning to develop across the Indus River, one of the worlds largest rivers. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing treaty between India and Pakistan. ... Schematic map of the Indo-Gangetic Plain The Indo-Gangetic Plain also known as The Kathwiarschi plains is a large and fertile plain encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... Rann of Kutch on the Top Left. ... The Salt Range is a hill system in the Punjab region of India, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock-salt. ... K2, the 2nd highest of the world Broad Peak, the 12th highest of the world Pakistan contains five of the highest fourteen independent peaks in the world (the eight-thousanders) and many other high peaks, in the Himalaya, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Hindu Raj ranges. ... For the movie Himalaya, see Himalaya (film). ... Karakoram is a mountain range spanning the borders between Pakistan, China, and India, located in the regions of Gilgit, Ladakh and Baltistan. ... For other uses, see K2 (disambiguation). ... Nanga Parbat (also known as Nangaparbat Peak or Diamir) is the ninth highest mountain on Earth and the second highest in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. ... K2 from Concordia The Baltoro Glacier, at over 70 kilometers long, is one of the longest glaciers outside of the polar regions. ... The Sarpo Laggo Glacier (Sarpo Laggo: young husband) is a glacier in Pakistan, in the Karakoram mountain range of the Himalayas. ... The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya Mountains along the disputed India-Pakistan border at approximately . ... Broghol is a high mountain pass that crosses the Pamir and connects the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan. ... The Dorah Pass, also spelled and pronounced Durah Pass, connects Badakshan in Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan. ... Gumal Pass is a pass on the border of Afganistan and the southeastern portion of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan. ... The Khyber Pass, also referred to as The Khyber (also spelt the Khaiber Pass or Khaybar Pass) (Urdu: درہ خیبر) (altitude: 1,070 m , 3,510 ft) is the mountain pass that links Pakistan and Afghanistan. ... Lowari Pass (or Lowari Top) (el. ... Mountain passes of Afghanistan Shandur Top (el. ... In recent history, the Pakistani political processess have taken place in the framework of a federal republic, where the system of government has at times been parliamentary, presidential, or semi-presidential. ... At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly-elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. ... General elections will be held in Pakistan in early January 2008. ... The national flag of Pakistan was designed by Syed Amir-ud-Din Kedwai based on the 1906 flag of the All-India Muslim League. ... Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country in terms of population (behind Indonesia), and its status as a declared nuclear power, being the only Islamic nation to have that status, plays a part in its international role. ... Political parties in Pakistan lists political parties in Pakistan. ... Terrorism in Pakistan has been prevalent since the 1980s following the breakup of the nation into modern Pakistan and Bangladesh in the Bangladesh Liberation War. ... Pervez Musharraf has led Pakistan since 1999. ... The National Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. ... The Senate of Pakistan is the upper House of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. ... The Parliament of Pakistan is known as the Majlis-e-Shoora (Council of Advisors). ... The Supreme Court (Urdu: عدالت عظمیٰ ) is the apex court in Pakistans judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. ... A jirga (occasionally jirgah) is a tribal assembly which takes decisions by consensus. ... Pakistan Air Force (Urdu: پاک فضائیہ, Pak Fazaya) (PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces and is responsible for defending Pakistani air-space from intrusions. ... This article is about the Pakistani intelligence agency. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the head of state of Pakistan. ... Pakistan had a parliamentary system of government that has been modified several times since its inception. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan, in Urdu وزیر اعظم Wazir-e- Azam meaning Grand Vizier, is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... The Chief Justice of Pakistan heads the Supreme Court of Pakistan. ... List of Mayors (Nazims) during 20th Century Karachi City Municipal Act was promulgated in 1933. ... Currently, Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces, two territories, and also portions of Kashmir that are administered by the Pakistani government. ... Demographics of Pakistan, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ... The Districts of Pakistan form the third tier of government in Pakistan, ranking as subdivisions of the provinces of Pakistan. ... Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan. ... The Government of North West Frontier Province (NWFP) is in Peshawar, the provincial capital of the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. ... ... Government of Sindh is based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Telephones - main lines in use: 2. ... This is a list of companies from Pakistan. ... Islamabad Stock Exchange is the three largest stock exchange of Pakistan located in the capital, Islamabad. ... The Karachi Stock Exchange or KSE is a stock exchange located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... This organization, company, or building article needs to be wikified. ... PKR redirects here. ... A slum in Karachi, Pakistan with an open sewer running along the lane Poverty in Pakistan, is a major economic issue. ... History (First Project, Al Azam Square, Site Office, Karachi-1966). ... The Pakistan aviation industry was started up when Orient Airways merged with Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (PIAC) to become the national flag carrier of Pakistan called Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). ... Airblue is a private airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. ... Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, more commonly known as Pakistan International Airlines or PIA (Urdu: Ù¾ÛŒ آئی اے or پاکستان انٹرنیشنل ایرلاینز), is the flag carrier airline of Pakistan, based in Karachi. ... Pakistan Railways is the state-owned railway company of Pakistan. ... The logo of the Karachi Port Trust. ... Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is a port in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan located at , (24. ... The 17th Century Badshahi Mosque built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore The society of Pakistan (Urdu: ثقافت پاکستان), although relatively diverse depending on which one of Pakistans provinces, has been greatly influenced by the cultures of Central Asia and the Middle East. ... Lollywood (Urdu: لالیوڈ) refers to the Pakistani film industry, based in the city of Lahore. ... The Kara Film Festival is the only internationally recognized film festival of Pakistan, to represent Lollywood annually held in Karachi. ... Language(s) UrduLanguages of PakistanArabicEnglish Religion(s) IslamChristianityZoroastrianism An overseas Pakistani is a Pakistani citizen who has migrated to another country or a person of Pakistani origin who is born outside Pakistan. ... The following is a list of major universities in Pakistan, organized by subnational entities. ... The National library was established after almost 46 years of independence. ... Pakistani literature, that is, the literature of Pakistan, as a distinct literature came into being when Pakistan gained its nationhooood as a sovereign state in 1947. ... Pakistani poetry as a tradition partakes of Urdu poetry, which see. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Mazar-e-Quaid - the icon of Karachi Mazar-e-Quaid is referred to mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. ... Awards Lux Style Awards, MTV Pakistan Awards, Indus Music Awards, The Musik Awards Charts MTV Pakistan Charts, AAG 10, The Musik Countdown Music Festivals All Pakistani Music Conference Media MTV Pakistan, Indus Music, The Musik, AAG TV National anthem Qaumi Tarana Regional folk styles Balochi - Punjabi - Sindhi - Pastho - Kashmiri Khowar... The term Sufi rock describes the sound of famous Pakistani rock band Junoon. ... This is a list of musicians from Pakistan listed in alphabetical order. ... Lahore Museum, established in 1894, when Lahore (currently a part of Pakistan) was a part of Undivided India, is a major museum of the Indian subcontinent. ... Flag of Pakistan. ... Holidays in Pakistan: Muslim holidays feb05 kashmir day youm-e-yak-jehtia-e-kashmir Dates of Muslim holidays Categories: | | ... For the city, see Sari, Iran. ... An old-fashioned Hyderabadi gentleman wearing a formal Sherwani and Fez hat, that is designed by a designer in Lahore, Pakistan Sherwani (Urdu: شیروانی ) is a long coat-like garment worn in South Asia, very similar to an Achkan or doublet. ... The Pakistan Boy Scouts Association (PBSA) (Urdu:پاکستان بوائے اسکا وٹ ایسوسی ایشن) is the national Scouting organization of Pakistan and has 516,891 members (as of 2002). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of Pakistani television stations. ... Over 98% of 166 million peoples of Pakistan are Muslims and Islam is the State religion of Pakistan. ... A Chaand Raat celebration in Hyderabad, India Chaand Raat (Urdu: چاند رات, Hindi: चाँद रात; literally, Night of the Moon) is an Urdu, Hindi and Bengali locution used in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh for the eve of the Muslim festival of Eid. ... This is a list of mosques in Pakistan. ... After the Partition of India, Hinduism became one of the smallest religions in the newly created state of Pakistan, but has nonetheless played a major role in its culture and politics as well as the history of its regions. ... Kites on display before Basant festival in Lahore Basant, sometimes called Basant panchami in Hindi , is thought to be a festival celebrating the arrival of Spring, although some trace its background as a Hindu celebration. ... Sikhism is a very small minority religion in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan but has many cultural, historical and political ties to the country, and to the historical region of Punjab. ... Sports in Pakistan are played with great passion. ... The A1 Team Pakistan is the Pakistani team of A1 Grand Prix, an international racing series dubbed as the world cup of motorsport. ... The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) is responsible for all major cricket including Test cricket played in Pakistan. ... The Pakistan national cricket team is a national cricket team representing Pakistan. ... This is a list of those people who have umpired at least one Test match in Pakistan between Pakistan and other Test cricket nations. ... Association football in Pakistan has a long history. ... The Pakistan Premier League (PPL) is the first division of Pakistani football. ... The Pakistan National Football Challenge Cup is the national knockout cup competition in Pakistani football, run by Pakistan Football Federation. ... Gilli िगल्ली -danda डन्डा is a game popular across the length and breadth of India and Pakistan. ... The Pakistan Open golf tournament was first played in 1967. ... The Pakistan Hockey Federation (PHF) is the national governing body for field hockey in Pakistan. ... Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) (Telugu: , Punjabi: , Marathi: , Hindi: ,Urdu: ; IPA: ) is a team sport originally from the Indian subcontinent. ... This is a list of the tallest structures in Pakistan, measured from base to the tallest point (Either roof top or antenna or spire). ...

References

External links

• Watch Pakistani Cooking Videos
• Menu Lahore - A blog about eating out in Lahore
• A comprehensive database of Pakistani recipes
• Pakistani Recipes
• Pakistani Food
• PakiRecipes, largest recipes post
• Pakistani recipes
• Pakistan Food
• Pakistani Recipes in Urdu and English
• Eating the Pakistani way