Culinary names, menu names, or kitchen names are names of foods used in the preparation or selling of food, as opposed to their names in agriculture or in scientific nomenclature. The menu name may even be different from the kitchen name. For example, from the 19th until the mid-20th century, many restaurant menus were written in French, not the local language. Nomenclature is a system of naming and categorizing objects in a given category. ...

Examples include veal (calf), calamari (squid), scampi (Italian-American name for shrimp), and sweetbreads (pancreas or thymus gland). Culinary names are especially common for fish and seafood, where multiple species are marketed under a single familiar name. Veal is a meat produced from calves. ... Cattle calf A Calf (plural calves) is the young of an animal. ... For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... Suborders Myopsina Oegopsina Squid are a large, diverse group of marine cephalopods. ... Italian American cuisine is what is commonly called Italian food in the United States. ... Superfamilies Alpheoidea Atyoidea Bresilioidea Campylonotoidea Crangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Nematocarcinoidea Oplophoroidea Palaemonoidea Pandaloidea Pasiphaeoidea Procaridoidea Processoidea Psalidopodoidea Stylodactyloidea True shrimp are small, swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ... Sweetbread is the name of a dish made of the thymus (neck/throat/gullet sweetbread) or the pancreas (belly/stomach/heart sweetbread) of an animal younger than one year old. ... The pancreas is an organ in the digestive and endocrine system that serves two major functions: exocrine (producing pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including insulin). ... Thymus, see Thyme. ...

Foods may come to have distinct culinary names for a variety of reasons:

• Euphemism: the idea of eating some foods may disgust or offend some eaters regardless of their actual taste.
  • Testicles: Rocky Mountain oysters, lamb fries, or animelles
  • Soft roe, fish semen
  • "Australus" has been proposed as a name for kangaroo meat.
• Attractiveness: the traditional name may be considered dull, undistinctive, or unattractive.
  • The Chinese gooseberry was renamed the kiwi fruit, which has now become its agricultural name as well.
• Comparison with more familiar foods
  • The Patagonian toothfish is marketed as the Chilean sea bass
• Grouping of a variety of sources under a single name
  • Tuna includes several different species
• Evocation of more prestigious, rarer, and more expensive foods for which they are a substitute
  • Lumpfish roe is named lumpfish caviar
  • Cassia bark is named cinnamon
  • In North America, many flounder species are called soles, e.g. Microstomus pacificus is named "Dover sole"
• Evocation of a specific culinary tradition
  • Shrimp in Italian-American contexts is often called scampi
• Social differences
  • Beef, veal, pork, mutton, and venison were the words used by the French-speaking lords in post-Conquest England.
• Other
  • In French, chestnuts are called châtaignes on the tree, but marrons in the kitchen.

Often several of these reasons coincide. Many North Americans would find "squid" disgusting as a food, but "calamari" evokes Italian tradition. A euphemism is an expression intended by the speaker to be less offensive, disturbing, or troubling to the listener than the word or phrase it replaces, or in the case of doublespeak to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ... The testicles, or testes (singular testis), are the male generative glands in animals. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Animelles is the culinary term used for the testicles of male animals, especially young rams, when they are used as food. ... Horse semen being collected for breeding purposes. ... Kangaroo is a meat from any of the three species of Kangaroo. ... Species About 94; see text. ... The Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a large, slender fish found in the cold, temperate waters (from 50 to 3850m) of the Southern Atlantic, Southern Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans on seamounts and continental shelves around most sub-Antarctic islands. ... Species See text. ... Genera Aptocyclus Cyclopsis Cyclopteropsis Cyclopterus Eumicrotremus Lethotremus Lumpsuckers or Lumpfish are mostly small scorpaeniform marine fish of the family Cyclopteridae. ... Salmon roe at the Shiogama seafood market in Japan Look up Roe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A can of black Iranian caviar Russian salmon caviar on buttered bread Caviar is the processed salted roe of various species of fish, most notably sturgeon. ... Binomial name Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum, synonym ), also called Chinese cinnamon, is an evergreen tree native to southern China and mainland Southeast Asia west to Myanmar. ... Binomial name Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Cassia (Indonesian cinnamon) is also commonly called (and sometimes sold as) cinnamon. ... Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus A flounder blending into its environment Are not :( While flounders have one eye on each side of the head, Flukes are not born with two eyes on one side. ... Look up Sole in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879) Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) is a Pacific flatfish of the flounder family which ranges from Baja California to the Bering Sea. ... Look up Sole in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... American scampi in garlic butter Scampi is the plural of scampo, the Italian name for the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), also known by the names Dublin Bay Prawn and Langoustine [1]. The fleshy tail of the Norway lobster is closer in both taste and texture to lobster and crayfish than... A cut of beef. ... Veal is a meat produced from calves. ... Two halves of a pig being delivered Pork is the meat taken from pigs. ... This article is about the animal, sheep; for other meanings of Sheep, see Sheep (disambiguation). ... Venison is the modern term for the meat of deer, elk, red deer, moose, caribou, and pronghorn. ... Species Castanea alnifolia - Bush Chinkapin* Castanea crenata - Japanese Chestnut Castanea dentata - American Chestnut Castanea henryi - Henrys Chestnut Castanea mollissima - Chinese Chestnut Castanea ozarkensis - Ozark Chinkapin Castanea pumila - Allegheny Chinkapin Castanea sativa - Sweet Chestnut Castanea seguinii - Seguins Chestnut * treated as a synonym of by many authors Chestnut (Castanea), including...