Main towns founded by Alexander

Around seventy towns or outposts are claimed to have been founded by Alexander the Great.^[1] Some of the main ones are: Alexander the Great (Greek: ),[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of, if not the most successful military commanders in history, conquering most of the known world before his death; he is regarded as...

• Alexandria, Egypt
• Alexandria Asiana, Iran
• Alexandria in Ariana, Afghanistan
• Alexandria of the Caucasus, Afghanistan
• Alexandria on the Oxus, Afghanistan
• Alexandria of the Arachosians, Afghanistan
• Alexandria on the Indus (Alexandria Bucephalous), Pakistan
• Alexandria Eschate, "The furthest", Tajikistan
• Iskenderun (Alexandretta), Turkey
• Kandahar (Alexandropolis), Afghanistan
• Iskandiriyah(Alexandria),Iraq

Antiquity and modernity stand cheek-by-jowl in Egypts chief Mediterranean seaport For other uses, see Alexandria (disambiguation). ... Alexandria of the Caucasus (Askandria-e-Qafqaz or Askandria Paro paizad) was a city founded by Alexander the Great (one of many given the name Alexandria), at an important junction of communications in the southern foothills of the Hindu Kush, about 45 miles North of Kabul, in the country of... Ai-Khanoum (lit. ... Alexandria on the Indus, also known as Alexandria Bucephalous, was a city founded by Alexander the Great in memory of his beloved horse Bucephalus on the Jhelum River. ... Alexandria Eschate (Greek , “Alexandria the Furthest”) was founded by Alexander the Great in 329 BCE as his most advanced base in Central Asia. ... İskenderun, formerly known in the west as Alexandretta or previously as Scanderoon (Arabic الإسكندرون al-ʼIskandarūn), is a city in the Turkish province of Hatay. ... For the 2001 movie by Mohsen Makhmalbaf, see Kandahar (film). ...

Alexander as City-Planner

By selecting the right angle of the streets, Alexander made the city breathe with the etesian winds [the northwestern winds that blow during the summer months], so that as these blow across a great expanse of sea, they cool the air of the town, and so he provided its inhabitants with a moderate climate and good health. Alexander also laid out the walls so that they were at once exceedingly large and marvelously strong.

—Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, volume 8.

Diodorus Siculus (c. ...

Literature

• From 1969 to 1981, Mary Renault wrote a historical fiction trilogy on the life of Alexander: Fire From Heaven (about his early life), The Persian Boy (about his conquest of Persia, his expedition to India, and his death, seen from the viewpoint of Bagoas, a Persian eunuch and Alexander's eromenos), and Funeral Games (about the events following his death). Alexander also appears briefly in Renault's novel The Mask of Apollo, and is alluded to directly in The Last of the Wine and indirectly in The Praise Singer. In addition to the fiction, Renault also wrote a non-fiction biography, The Nature of Alexander.
• French writer Roger Peyrefitte wrote a trilogy about Alexander the great which is regarded as a masterpiece of erudition : La Jeunesse d'Alexandre (1977), Les Conquêtes d'Alexandre (1979) and Alexandre le Grand (1981).
• A further trilogy of novels about Alexander was written in Italian by Valerio Massimo Manfredi and subsequently published in an English translation, entitled Child of a Dream, The Sands of Ammon and The Ends of the Earth.
• David Gemmel's Dark Prince features Alexander as the chosen vessel for a world-destroying demon king. ISBN 0-345-37910-1.
• Steven Pressfield's 2004 book The Virtues of War is told from the first-person perspective of Alexander. Pressfield's novel The Afghan Campaign is told from the point of view of a soldier in Alexander's army. Alexander makes several brief appearances in the novel.
• Rudyard Kipling's story "The Man Who Would Be King" (1888) provides some glimpses of Alexander's legacy. Made into a movie of the same title in 1975, starring Sean Connery and Michael Caine.
• In Alan Moore's Watchmen, one of the main characters, Ozymandias, goes into detail about how he followed in Alexander the Great's footsteps in order to achieve enlightenment.

The cover of the 2004 DVD release of the modified original Star Wars triology, one of the best known film trilogies For other uses, see Trilogy. ... Fire From Heaven is a historical novel by Mary Renault about the childhood and youth of Alexander the Great. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Mary Renault. ... A eunuch is a castrated man. ... The Last of the Wine is Mary Renaults first novel set in Ancient Greece, the setting that would become her most important arena. ... The Praise Singer is a historical novel by Mary Renault first published in 1978. ... The Nature of Alexander is the only nonfiction work by Mary Renault, who otherwise wrote only fiction. ... Roger Peyrefitte (August 17, 1907 – November 5, 2000) was a French diplomat and writer. ... Valerio Massimo Manfredi (born 1943) is an Italian scholar of archaeology, journalist, TV host, mainly famous as historical novelist. ... Steven Pressfield is an American author, predominatedly of military historical fiction set in classical antiquity. ... First-person narrative is a literary technique in which the story is narrated by one or more of the characters, who explicitly refers to him or herself in the first person, that is, I. The narrator is thus directly or indirectly involved in the story being told. ... In literature and storytelling, a point of view is the related experience of the narrator — not that of the author. ... Rudyard Kipling Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was a British author and poet, born in India, and best known for his childrens books, including The Jungle Book (1894), The Second Jungle Book (1895), Just So Stories (1902), and Puck of Pooks Hill (1906); his... The Man Who Would Be King (1888) is a short story by Rudyard Kipling that tells the tale of two rogue British ex-soldiers who set off from 19th century British India in search of adventure, and end up as kings of Kafiristan in modern Afghanistan. ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Sir Thomas Sean Connery, KBE, (born August 25, 1930) is an Oscar-winning Scottish film actor who is best known as the original cinematic James Bond. ... Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth in Batman Begins Sir Maurice Joseph Micklewhite, CBE (born 14 March 1933), known professionally as Sir Michael Caine, is a double Oscar-winning English film actor. ... Watchmen is a twelve-issue comic book written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Dave Gibbons. ... OZYMANDIAS of EGYPT I met a traveller from an antique land Who said:—Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. ...

Television

• Alexander the Great (1968), TV series, starring William Shatner as Alexander, directed by Phil Karlson.
• Alexander Senki (1997), Anime / TV series, starring Toshihiko Seki as Alexander, directed by Yoshinori Kanemori, and with character designs by Peter Chung (of Aeon Flux fame). It was based on the novel Alexander Senki by Hiroshi Aramata. Also known as Alexander (International: English title); Reign: The Conqueror (USA). The series (US version, Reign: The Conqueror) debuted on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block variety show in 2003.
• The 1996 miniseries Gulliver's Travels, starring Ted Danson, featured a visit from Alexander the Great.

The Smallville version of the Cuirass of Alexander the Great, as seen in the first season episode, "Rogue"

• In the Smallville season 1 episode "Rogue", Lex Luthor shows Clark Kent the armor that Alexander the Great wore in battle. The breastplate is gold, with red and blue diamonds (the colors that represent Superman), and a snake shaped like the letter S.
• In the Footsteps of Alexander the Great (1998), mini-series, hosted by Michael Wood, directed by David Wallace.
• Iskandar is briefly mentioned in the visual novel game and anime series Fate/stay night as an example of the Rider-class Servant. It was hinted that he was the most powerful of the characters, but died in a two-versus-one battle.
• In the miniseries Yu-Gi-Oh! Capsule Monsters, Alexander the Great was a character in the Capsule Monster World.

William Bill Shatner (born March 22, 1931) is an Emmy-winning and Golden Globe-winning Canadian actor, who gained fame for his starring role as Captain James T. Kirk of the USS Enterprise in the television show Star Trek from 1966 to 1969 and in seven of the subsequent movies. ... Phil Karlson (July 2, 1908 - December 12, 1985) was a Chicago-born film director known for his no-nonsense film noir films. ... Toshihiko Seki (é–¢ 俊彦 Seki Toshihiko, born June 11, 1962) is a veteran Japanese voice actor (seiyÅ«) who has voiced characters in anime, drama CDs and video games. ... Peter Chung Peter Chung (born 1961 in Seoul, South Korea) is a Korean American animator. ... Æon Flux DVD cover Æon Flux is an animated science fiction television series that aired on MTV. It premiered in 1991 on MTVs Liquid Television experimental animation show as a six-part serial of short films, followed in 1992 by five individual short episodes. ... Hiroshi Aramata is a popular author and screenplay writer in Japan. ... Cartoon Network is a cable television network created by Turner Broadcasting which primarily shows animated programming. ... The Adult Swim logo Adult Swim, usually rendered [adult swim] on bumps, is the name for the adult-oriented television programming block on Cartoon Network in the United States and Australia, and Bravo in the United Kingdom, featuring absurdist and often ribald comedy in contrast to the more tame daytime... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... A miniseries (sometimes mini-series), in a serial storytelling medium, is a production which tells a story in a limited number of episodes. ... Gulliver Exhibited to the Brobdingnag Farmer by Richard Redgrave Gullivers Travels (1726, amended 1735) is a novel by Jonathan Swift that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the travellers tales literary sub-genre. ... Ted Danson in the TV sitcom Becker Ted Danson (born Edward Bridge Danson III on December 29, 1947 in San Diego, California) is an American actor. ... Image File history File links Rogue_shield. ... Image File history File links Rogue_shield. ... Cuirass (French cuirasse, Latin coriaceus, made of leather, from corium, the original breastplate being of leather), the plate armour, whether formed of a single piece of metal or other rigid material or composed of two or more pieces, which covers the front of the wearers person. ... Smallville is an American television series that debuted in September 2001 on the WB Network. ... Lex Luthor is a fictional character, a DC Comics supervillain and Supermans nemesis. ... Superman is a fictional character and one of the most famous and popular comic book superheroes of all time. ... Michael Wood (born Michael David Wood, July 23, 1948 in Manchester) is a popular British historian and broadcaster, presenter of numerous television documentary series. ... David Wallace or Dave Wallace can mean: David Wallace (governor) (1799-1859), American politician Dave Wallace (baseball) (born 1947), coach and player David Wallace (physicist) (born 1945), British David Wallace (actor) (born 1957), American David Foster Wallace (born 1962), American novelist Dave Wallace (musician) (fl. ... A visual novel is an interactive fiction game featuring mostly static graphics, usually with anime-style art. ... Fate/stay night ) is a Japanese visual novel game created by TYPE-MOON in 2004 that has been adapted into an anime television series, currently being broadcast in Japan, as well as a manga series, currently being published in the monthly Shōnen Ace magazine. ... Yu-Gi-Oh! Capsule Monsters (遊戯王カプセルモンスターズ YÅ«giō Kapusaru Monsutāzu) is a twelve-episode mini-series commissioned, produced, and edited by 4Kids Entertainment (much like Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie - Pyramid of Light) that is a part of the Yu-Gi-Oh! franchise. ...

Film

• Sikander (1941), a Hindi movie directed by Sohrab Modi which depicts Alexander the Great's Indian conquest.
• Alexander the Great (1956) starring Richard Burton as Alexander, directed by Robert Rossen and produced by MGM.
• Sikandar-e-Azam (1965) a Hindi movie directed by Kedar Kapoor starring Dara Singh as Alexandar depicts Alexandar's Indian conquest with Porus.
• Alexander (2004), starring Colin Farrell as Alexander, directed by Oliver Stone. Based on the biography Alexander the Great (ISBN 0-14-008878-4) by Robin Lane Fox. It was released on November 24, 2004.
• Baz Luhrmann had been planning to make a very different film about Alexander, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, but the release of Stone's film eventually persuaded him to abandon the project.^[2]
• Alexander the Great (2006)...

Sikander is a 1941 Urdu film directed by Sohrab Modi and starring Prithviraj Kapoor as Alexander the Great. ... Hindi (हिन्दी or हिंदी in Devanagari; pronunciation: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and... Sohrab Modi (1897 - 1984) was an Indian stage and film actor, director and producer. ... Alexander the Great was a 1956 movie starring Richard Burton, who played as Alexander the Great. ... Richard Burton in the movie Cleopatra (1963) Richard Burton CBE (November 10, 1925 – August 5, 1984) was a Welsh actor. ... Robert Rossen (March 16, 1908 - February 18, 1966) was an American screenwriter, film director, and producer who was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses in the 1950s. ... For alternate meanings of MGM, see MGM (disambiguation). ... Hindi (हिन्दी or हिंदी in Devanagari; pronunciation: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and... Dara Singh is a legendary wrestler and film actor from India. ... Alexander is a 2004 biopic/epic film, directed by Oliver Stone about the life of Alexander the Great. ... Colin James Farrell (born May 31, 1976) is an Irish actor, best known for appearing in a series of high-profile Hollywood films, as well as for his controversial off-screen lifestyle. ... Oliver Stone William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946), known simply as Oliver Stone, is an Academy Award-winning American film director and screenwriter. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Red curtain be merged into this article or section. ... Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (born November 11, 1974) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor well known for roles in blockbuster movies like Titanic (1997) and The Aviator (2004), and was famed for his far reaching global celebrity influence dubbed as Leo-Mania in the late 1990s. ...

Music

Alexander the Great is a song by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden. ... Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band from East London. ... Somewhere in Time is a studio album by Iron Maiden, released in 1986. ... Caetano Veloso at Umbria Jazz (Perugia, Italy) Caetano Veloso (born 7 August 1942) is one of the most popular and influential Brazilian composers and singers. ... bond is an Australian/British classical crossover string quartet. ...

Computer games

Alexander in the expansion pack Rome: Total War Alexander.

• Alexander is a character in the computer games Empire Earth and Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots. He is a civilization leader in the 2005 computer game Sid Meier's Civilization IV , where Alexander is the lone leader of the Greek civilization and has the leader traits "Aggressive" and "Philosophical". In the Rome Total War expansion pack, Alexander, Alexander the Great's conquests are chronicled in a campaign and six battles are modeled on Alexander's early battles. Alexander the Great is also featured in the game called Rise and Fall: Civilizations at War released by Midway games.

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 243 KB) Summary This a screenshot from the latest expansion pack of Rome: Total War. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 243 KB) Summary This a screenshot from the latest expansion pack of Rome: Total War. ... A computer game is a game composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe that players interact with in order to achieve a defined goal or set of goals. ... Empire Earth, also known as EE, is a real-time strategy computer game developed by Stainless Steel Studios and published by Sierra Entertainment in November 2001. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sid Meiers Civilization IV is a turn-based strategy computer game. ... Rome: Total War is a grand strategy computer game where players fight historical and fictious battles during the era of the Roman Republic, from 270 BCE to 14 CE. The game was developed by Creative Assembly and released on September 22, 2004. ...

References

1. ^ Alexander the Great: his towns
2. ^ "Kidman: 'Luhrmann Not Doing Alexander Film'", IMDb.com, November 1, 2004