Cultural geography is a sub-field within human geography. Cultural Geography is the study of spatial variations connections around the world increase and cultures become more alike. Globalization is an example of cultural convergence different cultures blending together ^[1]. Population density by country, 2006 Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the environment, with particular reference to the causes and consequences of the spatial distribution of human activity on the Earths surface. ...

• Westernization or other similar processes such as Americanization ^[2], Islamization and others.
• Theories of Cultural hegemony or cultural assimilation via cultural imperialism.
• Cultural areal differentiation as a study of differences in way of life encompassing ideas, attitudes, languages, practices, institutions, and structures of power and whole range of cultural practices in geographical areas ^[3] (see also Cultural region).
• Study of cultural landscapes ^[4][5]
• Other topics include Spirit of place, colonialism, post-colonialism, internationalism, immigration, emigration. ecotourism ...

This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Islamization (also spelt Islamisation, see spelling differences) or Islamification means the process of a societys conversion to the religion of Islam, or a neologism meaning an increase in observance by an already Muslim society. ... Cultural hegemony is a concept coined by Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci. ... Cultural assimilation (often called merely assimilation) is an intense process of consistent integration whereby members of an ethno-cultural group, typically immigrants, or other minority groups, are absorbed into an established, generally larger community. ... Cultural imperialism is the practice of promoting, distinguishing, separating, artificially injecting of the culture or language of one nation in another. ... Cultural region is a term used mainly in the study of geography. ... The Dresden Elbe Valley World Heritage Site is according to the UNESCO an outstanding example of land use, representing an exceptional development of a major Central-European city having almost half a million inhabitants // [edit] Cultural landscape is defined as the human-modified environment, including fields, houses, church, highways, planted... Spirit of place refers to the unique, distinctive and cherished aspects of a place; often those celebrated by artists and writers, but also those cherished in folk tales, festivals and celebrations. ... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

History

Though the first traces of the study of different nations and cultures on Earth can be dated back to ancient geographers such as Ptolemy or Strabo, cultural geography as academic study firstly emerged as an alternative to the environmental determinist theories of the early Twentieth century, which had believed that people and societies are controlled by the environment in which they develop. ^[6] Rather than studying pre-determined regions based upon environmental classifications, cultural geography became interested in cultural landscapes. ^[7] This was led by Carl Sauer (called the father of Cultural geography), at the University of California at Berkeley. As a result of this, cultural geography was long dominated by American writers. This article is about Earth as a planet. ... A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; ca. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... Environmental determinism, also known as climatic determinism, is the view that the physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture. ... The Dresden Elbe Valley World Heritage Site is according to the UNESCO an outstanding example of land use, representing an exceptional development of a major Central-European city having almost half a million inhabitants // [edit] Cultural landscape is defined as the human-modified environment, including fields, houses, church, highways, planted... Carl Ortwin Sauer (December 24, 1889-July 18, 1975) was an American geographer. ... Berkeley Davis Irvine Los Angeles Merced San Diego Santa Barbara Santa Cruz UC Office of the President in Oakland The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the state of California. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ...

Sauer defined the landscape as the defining unit of geographic study. He saw that cultures and societies both developed out of their landscape, but also shaped them too. ^[8] This interaction between the 'natural' landscape and man creates the 'cultural landscape'. ^[9] Sauer's work was highly qualitative and descriptive and was surpassed in the 1930s by the regional geography of Richard Hartshorne, followed by the quantitative revolution. Cultural geography was generally sidelined, though writers such as David Lowenthal continued to work on the concept of landscape. Qualitative research is one of the two major approaches to research methodology in social sciences. ... Regional geography is a study of regions throughout the world in order to understand or define the unique characteristics of a particular region which consists of natural as well as human elements. ... Richard Hartshorne (1899, Kittanning, Pennsylvania, – 1992), was a prominent American geographer. ... The quantitative revolution was one of the four major turning points in the history of geography (the other three being regional geography, environmental determinism and critical geography). ...

In the 1970s, the critique of positivism in geography caused geographers to look beyond the quantitative geography for its ideas. One of these re-assessed areas was also cultural geography.

Since the 1980s, a "new cultural geography" has emerged, drawing on a diverse set of theoretical traditions including Marxian political economy, feminist theory, post-colonial theory, postmodernism, and poststructuralism. Marxian economics refers to a body of economic thought stemming from the work of Karl Marx. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Political economy was the original term for the study of production, the acts of buying and selling, and their relationships to laws, customs and government. ... Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, or philosophical, ground. ... Postcolonial theory is a literary theory or critical approach that deals with literature produced in countries that were once, or are now, colonies of other countries. ... The term Postmodernism (sometimes abbreviated Pomo[1]) was a reaction to modernism (not post in the purely temporal sense of after). Largely influenced by the disillusionment induced by the Second World War, postmodernism tends to refer to a cultural, intellectual, or artistic state lacking a clear central hierarchy or organizing... Post-structuralism is a body of work that followed in the wake of structuralism, and sought to understand the Western world as a network of structures, as in structuralism, but in which such structures are ordered primarily by local, shifting differences (as in deconstruction) rather than grand binary oppositions and...

References

1. ^ Zelinsky, Wilbur; 2004; Globalization Reconsidered: The Historical Geography of Modern Western Male Attire,; Journal of Cultural Geography
2. ^ DeBres, Karen; 2005; A Cultural Geography of McDonald's UK; Journal of Cultural Geography
3. ^ Jones, Richard C.; 2006; Cultural Diversity in a “Bi-Cultural” City: Factors in the Location of Ancestry Groups in San Antonio; Journal of Cultural Geography
4. ^ Sinha, Amita; 2006; Cultural Landscape of Pavagadh: The Abode of Mother Goddess Kalika; Journal of Cultural Geography
5. ^ Kuhlken, Robert; 2002; Intensive Agricultural Landscapes of Oceania; Journal of Cultural Geography
6. ^ Peet, Richard; 1998; Modern Geographical Thought; Blackwell
7. ^ Peet, Richard; 1998; Modern Geographical Thought; Blackwell
8. ^ Sauer, Carl; 1925; The Morphology of Landscape
9. ^ ibid

Look up ibid, idem in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Scientific journals

• Journal of Cultural Geography — published since 1980, currently at Oklahoma State University.

Oklahoma State University Logo The Oklahoma State University System comprises of five educational instututes across Oklahoma. ...

Further reading

• Yi-Fu Tuan, Cultural Geography: Glances Backward and Forward. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 94, no. 4, 2004.

See also

• Environmental determinism
• Possibilism

Environmental determinism, also known as climatic determinism, is the view that the physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture. ... Look up Possibilism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

External links

v • d • e Sub-fields & Approaches of Human Geography

Sub-fields: Cultural geography · Development geography · Economic geography · Historical geography · Language geography · Marketing geography · Military geography · Political geography · Population geography · Religion geography · Social geography · Strategic geography · Transportation geography · Time geography · Tourism geography · Urban geography Population density by country, 2006 Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the environment, with particular reference to the causes and consequences of the spatial distribution of human activity on the Earths surface. ... Development geography is the study of the Earths geography and its relationship with economic development. ... Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organisation of economic activities across the Earth. ... Historical Geography is the study of the: Human Physical Fictional Theoretical and Real geographies of the past. ... A map of the language divisions within Justinian Is Byzantine Empire. ... Marketing geography is the study of marketing in certain places and where to market certain things. ... ... Political geography is the field of human geography that is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures. ... Map of world population density as of 1994. ... Religon geography is the study of religons in certain places. ... Social geography studies how society affects geographical features and how environmental factors affect society. ... Strategic geography is concerned with the control of, or access to, spatial areas that have an impact on the security and prosperity of nations. ... Transportation geography is the branch of geography that describes the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and their use of vehicles or other modes of travelling. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Tourism Geography (or the Geography of Tourism) is the study of travel and tourism as an industry, as a human activity, and especially as a place phenomenon. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Approaches: Behavioral geography · Critical geography · Cultural Theory · Feminist geography · Marxism · Modernism (Structuralism · Semiotics) · Postmodernism (Post-structuralism · Deconstruction) Behavioral geography is an approach to Human Geography that examines human behavior using a disaggregate approach. ... The critical geography is one of the four major turning points in the history of geography (the other three being environmental determinism, regional geography and quantitative revolution). ... Culture theory is the branch of anthropology and other related social science disciplines (e. ... Feminist geography is an approach to study in human geography which applies the theories, methods and critiques of feminism to the study of the human environment, society and geographical space. ... Marxist geography is a critical geography which utilizes the the theories and philosophy of Marxism to examine the spatial relations of human geography. ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... Structuralism as a term refers to various theories across the humanities, social sciences and economics many of which share the assumption that structural relationships between concepts vary between different cultures/languages and that these relationships can be usefully exposed and explored. ... Semiotics, semiotic studies, or semiology is the study of signs and symbols, both individually and grouped into sign systems. ... The term Postmodernism (sometimes abbreviated Pomo[1]) was a reaction to modernism (not post in the purely temporal sense of after). Largely influenced by the disillusionment induced by the Second World War, postmodernism tends to refer to a cultural, intellectual, or artistic state lacking a clear central hierarchy or organizing... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Deconstruction is a term in contemporary philosophy, literary criticism, and the social sciences, denoting a process by which the texts and languages of Western philosophy (in particular) appear to shift and complicate in meaning when read in light of the assumptions and absences they reveal within themselves. ...