The culture war (or culture wars) in American usage is a metaphor used to claim that political conflict is based on sets of conflicting values. The term frequently implies a conflict between values considered traditional or conservative and those considered progressive or liberal. The "culture war" is sometimes traced to the 1960s and has taken various forms since then. A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ... Conservative may refer to: Conservatism, political philosophy A member of a Conservative Party Conservative extension, premise of deductive logic Conservativity theorem, mathematical proof of conservative extension Conservative Judaism britney spears Category: ... For other uses, see Progressivism (disambiguation). ... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969. ...

James Davison Hunter

The expresssion was introduced by the 1991 publication of Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America by James Davison Hunter. In that book, Hunter described what he saw as a dramatic re-alignment and polarization that had transformed American politics and culture. Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      Politics of the United States takes place in a framework of a presidential... This article very generally discusses the customs and culture of the United States; for the culture of the United States, see arts and entertainment in the United States. ...

He argued that on an increasing number of "hot-button" defining issues — abortion, gun politics, separation of church and state, privacy, homosexuality, censorship issues— there had come to be two definable polarities. Furthermore, it was not just that there were a number of divisive issues, but that society had divided along essentially the same lines on each of these issues, so as to constitute two warring groups, defined primarily not by nominal religion, ethnicity, social class, or even political affiliation, but rather by ideological world views. Gun politics is a set of legal issues surrounding the ownership, use, and control of firearms as well as safety issues related to firearms both through their direct use and through criminal use. ... Constantines Conversion, depicting the conversion of Emperor Constantine the Great to Christianity, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to control the flow of information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively. ... Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ... For other uses, see Censor. ... A world view (or worldview) is a term calqued from the German word Weltanschauung (pronounced ) Welt is the German word for world, and Anschauung is the German word for view or outlook. It implies a concept fundamental to German philosophy and epistemology and refers to a wide world perception. ...

Hunter characterised this polarity as stemming from opposite impulses, toward what he refers to as Progressivism and Orthodoxy. The dichotomy has been adopted with varying labels, including, for example, by commentator Bill O'Reilly who emphasizes differences between "Secular-Progressives" and "Traditionalists". It has been suggested that Bill OReilly political beliefs and points of view be merged into this article or section. ...

In 1990 paleoconservative commentator Pat Buchanan mounted a campaign for the Republican nomination for president of the United States against incumbent George H.W. Bush in 1992. After doing surprisingly well in the New Hampshire Primary, where he drew 37% of the vote, his campaign faded. He received a prime time speech slot on the opening night of the Republican National Convention. His keynote is sometimes dubbed the "'culture war' speech".^[1] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Patrick Joseph Buchanan (born November 2, 1938) is an American politician, author, syndicated columnist, and broadcaster. ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... Order: 41st President Vice President: Dan Quayle Term of office: January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 Preceded by: Ronald Reagan Succeeded by: Bill Clinton Date of birth: June 12, 1924 Place of birth: Milton, Massachusetts First Lady: Barbara Pierce Bush Political party: Republican George Herbert Walker Bush, KBE (born... The New Hampshire primary is the first of a number of statewide political party primary elections held in the United States every four years, as part of the process of the Democratic and Republican parties choosing their candidate for the presidential elections on the subsequent November. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

During his speech, he said: "There is a religious war going on in our country for the soul of America. It is a cultural war, as critical to the kind of nation we will one day be as was the Cold War itself." [4] In addition to criticizing "environmental extremists" and "radical feminism," he said public morality was a defining issue: This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Single-issue politics involves political campaigning or political support based on one essential policy area or idea. ...

The agenda [Bill] Clinton and [Hillary] Clinton would impose on America--abortion on demand, a litmus test for the Supreme Court, homosexual rights, discrimination against religious schools, women in combat--that's change, all right. But it is not the kind of change America wants. It is not the kind of change America needs. And it is not the kind of change we can tolerate in a nation that we still call God's country.^[2]

A month later, Buchanan elaborated that this conflict was about power over society's definition of right and wrong. He named abortion, sexual orientation and popular culture as major fronts – and mentioned other controversies, including clashes over the Confederate Flag, Christmas and taxpayer-funded art. He also said that the negative attention his talk of a culture war received was itself evidence of America’s polarization.^[3] The following are the flags used by the short-lived Confederate States of America. ...

When Buchanan ran for president in 1996, he promised to fight for the conservative side of the culture war:

I will use the bully pulpit of the Presidency of the United States, to the full extent of my power and ability, to defend American traditions and the values of faith, family, and country, from any and all directions. And, together, we will chase the purveyors of sex and violence back beneath the rocks whence they came.^[4] A bully pulpit is a public office of sufficiently high rank that it provides the holder with an opportunity to speak out and be listened to on any matter; the American presidency is a bully pulpit. It is thought of as an executive check on legislative powers. ...

In a 2004 column, Buchanan said the culture war had reignited and that Americans no longer inhabited the same moral universe. He gave such examples as gay civil unions, the "crudity of the MTV crowd," and the controversy surrounding Mel Gibson's film, Passion of the Christ. He wrote, Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson (born January 3, 1956) is an American-Australian actor, Academy Award winning director and producer. ... The Passion of the Christ promotional poster The Passion of the Christ (2004) is an independent film about the last twelve hours of the life of Jesus Christ. ...

Who is in your face here? Who started this? Who is on the offensive? Who is pushing the envelope? The answer is obvious. A radical Left aided by a cultural elite that detests Christianity and finds Christian moral tenets reactionary and repressive is hell-bent on pushing its amoral values and imposing its ideology on our nation. The unwisdom of what the Hollywood and the Left are about should be transparent to all.^[5]

Campus culture wars

This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (September 2007)

From the point of view of American academia, the "culture wars" and their alignments were nothing new — rather, they were perceived as an extrapolation of some conflicts that had been simmering in university life since the 1960s. Positions had been taken up on a number of issues: alleged ethnocentricity of traditional studies such as philosophy and literature; feminism; postmodernism; and homosexuality as a topic in the humanities. Cruder debates in more emotive terms were expected on the curriculum, popular culture, political correctness, affirmative action as it applies to admissions, and allegations that teaching was too centered on so called "dead white males." Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Academia is a collective term for the scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and research, taken as a whole. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969. ... Ethnocentricity is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. ... Feminists redirects here. ... Postmodernism is a term applied to a wide-ranging set of developments in critical theory, philosophy, architecture, art, literature, and culture, which are generally characterized as either emerging from, in reaction to, or superseding, modernism. ... Queer studies is the study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity. ... For other uses, see Humanities (disambiguation). ... For a curriculum vitae, see Résumé. In formal education, a curriculum (plural curricula) is the set of courses, and their content, offered at a school or university. ... Popular culture, sometimes abbreviated to pop culture, consists of widespread cultural elements in any given society. ... Political correctness is the alteration of language to redress real or alleged injustices and discrimination or to avoid offense. ... This box:      Affirmative actionrefers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group (typically, minorities or women). ... Dead white males or Dead White European Males (DWEM) is a derisive term referring to a tradition of thought and pedagogy, like the Great Books focus of educational essentialism and Educational perennialism, which is believed to stress the importance and contributions of individual European males from the past, while largely...

The campus culture wars reflected a change in the demographics of the student population, as well as social change in society at large. Public intellectuals have sometimes blurred the distinction between "culture war" in this sense, and in national politics.^{[citation needed]} An intellectual is a person who uses their intellect to study, reflect, and speculate on a variety of different ideas. ...

The 1992 book Beyond the Culture Wars: How Teaching the Conflicts Can Revitalize American Education by Gerald Graff took a positive line on the campus culture wars.^[specify] Gerald Graff is a professor of English at the University of Illinois at Chicago. ...

In Australia

The concept of a "culture war" is also current in Australia, particularly in the area of Australian historiography. The so-called history wars concern how to interpret the country's history, especially regarding Aborigines.^[6] The history of Australia began when people first migrated to the Australian continent from the north, at least 40,000-45,000 years ago. ... The History wars are an ongoing public debate over the interpretation of the history of the white colonisation of Australia and its influence on responses to the current situation of the original inhabitants of the land. ... Language(s) Several hundred Indigenous Australian languages (many extinct or nearly so), Australian English, Australian Aboriginal English, Torres Strait Creole, Kriol Religion(s) Primarily Christian, with minorities of other religions including various forms of Traditional belief systems based around the Dreamtime Related ethnic groups see List of Indigenous Australian group...

Further reading

• Buchanan, Patrick J., State of Emergency: The Third World Invasion and Conquest of America (August 22, 2006) ISBN 0-312-36003-7
• Buchanan, Patrick J., The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization, New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2002 ISBN 0-312-30259-2
• Fiorina, Morris P., with Samuel J. Abrams and Jeremy C. Pope, Culture War?: The Myth of a Polarized America, London: Longman, 2004 ISBN 0-321-27640-X
• Gerald Graff. Beyond the Culture Wars: How Teaching the Conflicts Can Revitalize American Education (1992)
• Hunter, James Davison, Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America, New York: Basic Books, 1992 ISBN 0-465-01534-4
• Jay, Gregory S., American Literature and the Culture Wars, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997 ISBN 0-8014-3393-2 ISBN-13: 978-0801433931
• Jensen, Richard. "The Culture Wars, 1965-1995: A Historian's Map" Journal of Social History 29 (Oct 1995) 17-37. online version
• Jones, E. Michael, Degenerate Moderns: Modernity As Rationalized Sexual Misbehavior, Ft. Collins, CO: Ignatius Press, 1993 ISBN 0-89870-447-2
• Strauss, William & Howe, Neil , The Fourth Turning, An American Prophecy: What the Cycles of History Tell Us About America's Next Rendezvous With Destiny, 1998, Broadway Books, New York
• Webb, Adam K., Beyond the Global Culture War, Routledge, Jan 2006 ISBN 0-415-95313-8
• Zimmerman, Jonathan, Whose America? Culture Wars in the Public Schools, Harvard University Press, 2002 ISBN 0-674-01860-5

Morris P. Fiorina is an American political scientist and co-author of the book Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America with Samuel J Abrams (Harvard University) and Jeremy C. Pope (Brigham Young University). ... Samuel J. Abrams is an American political scientist and author. ...

See also

• Bill O'Reilly
• Paleoconservatism
• Pat Buchanan
• Red state vs. blue state divide
• Adultism
• Ageism
• Mean world syndrome
• Culture of fear
• Culture Warrior

It has been suggested that Bill OReilly political beliefs and points of view be merged into this article or section. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Patrick Joseph Buchanan (born November 2, 1938) is an American politician, author, syndicated columnist, and broadcaster. ... Map of results by state of the 2004 U.S. presidential election, representing states won by the Democrats as blue and those won by the GOP as red. ... Adultism is a predisposition towards adults, which some see as biased against children, youth, and all young people who arent addressed or viewed as adults. ... This box:      Look up ageism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Mean World Syndrome is described as the distinguishing characteristic of Media Induced Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (MIPTSD). ... Culture of fear is a term proposed in a variety of sociological theses, which argue that feelings of fear and anxiety predominate in contemporary public discourse and relationships, changing how we relate to one another as individuals and as democratic agents. ... Culture Warrior is a bestselling book by Fox News Channel political commentator Bill OReilly, published in the fall of 2006. ...

Battleground issues in the "culture wars"

• Abortion
• Adolescent sexuality
• Affirmative action
• Creation-evolution controversy including Intelligent Design
• Censorship, Video game controversy
• Capital punishment
• Drug Prohibition
• English-only movement
• Family values
• Feminism, Reproductive rights and the Feminist movement
• Free speech zones
• Homosexuality, Lesbian and gay rights and Gay marriage
• Identity politics
• Iraq War
  • Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
• Illegal Immigration
  • Opposition to immigration
• Math wars, see also Traditional mathematics
• Media bias in the U.S.
• Moral absolutism vs. Moral relativism
• Patriot Act
  • Invasion of privacy
  • Right to privacy
• Permissive society
• Political correctness
• Race, Racism, Race war and Xenophobia
• Race and intelligence
• Right to die movement, euthanasia
• Secularism and Secularization
• Separation of church and state, public displays of the Ten Commandments, and freedom of religion
  • addition of the phrase "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance
  • state sanctioned prayer in public schools
• Sexual revolution
  • Sexual education and abstinence only
• Stem-cell research
• Terrorist surveillance program
• Transgender rights
• Transhumanism
• Women in combat
• War on drugs

This article or section contains too many quotations for an encyclopedic entry. ... This box:      Affirmative actionrefers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group (typically, minorities or women). ... The creation-evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. ... The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign that calls for broad social, academic and political changes derived from the concept of intelligent design. ... For other uses, see Censor. ... Video games have been the subject of controversy and censorship, due to the depiction of graphic violence, sex themes, consumption of illegal drugs, consumption of alcohol or tobacco, or profanity in some games. ... Capital punishment in the United States is officially sanctioned by 37 of the 50 states of the United States, as well as by the federal government and the military. ... For the general concept, see Prohibitionism. ... English-only movement, called also Official English movement by its supporters, refers to a political movement for the use only of English language in public occasions through the establishing of English as the explicitly only official language in the United States. ... This article is about family values as a political concept. ... Feminists redirects here. ... Reproductive rights (also Procreative liberty) refers to human rights in areas of sexual reproduction, including the rights to reproduce (such as opposition to forced sterilization) as well as rights not to reproduce (such as support for access to birth control and abortion), the right to privacy, medical coverage, right to... The feminist movement (also known as the Womens Movement or Womens Liberation) is a series of campaigns on issues such as reproductive rights (including abortion), domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. ... The free speech zone at the 2004 Democratic National Convention Free speech zones (also known as First Amendment Zones or derisively as Free speech cages) are areas in the United States that are set aside for political protesters to exercise their right to free speech. ... Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ... The gay rights movement is a collection of loosely aligned civil rights groups, human rights groups, support groups and political activists seeking acceptance, tolerance and equality for non-heterosexual, (homosexual, bisexual), and transgender people - despite the fact that it is typically referred to as the gay rights movement, members also... Same-sex marriage is marriage between individuals who are of the same legal or biological sex. ... Identity politics is the political activity of various social movements for self-determination. ... For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse Beginning in 2004, accounts of abuse, torture, rape[1] and homicide[2][3] of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq (also known as Baghdad Correctional Facility) came to public attention. ... Illegal alien and Illegal aliens redirect here. ... Immigration in the modern sense refers to movement of people from one nation-state to another, where they are not citizens. ... Math wars is the debate over modern mathematics education, textbooks and curricula in the US that was triggered by the publication in 1989 of the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). ... Traditional mathematics is the term used for the style of mathematics instruction used for a period in the 20th century before the appearance of reform mathematics based on NCTM standards, so it is best defined by contrast with the alternatives. ... Media bias in the United States is the description of systematically non-uniform selection or coverage of news stories in the United States media. ... Moral absolutism is the belief that there are absolute standards against which moral questions can be judged, and that certain actions are right or wrong, devoid of the context of the act. ... In philosophy, moral relativism is the position that moral or ethical propositions do not reflect objective and/or universal moral truths, but instead make claims relative to social, cultural, historical or personal circumstances. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Invasion of privacy is a legal term essentially defined as a violation of the right to be left alone. ... The right to privacy is a purported human right and an element of various legal traditions which may restrain both government and private party action. ... The permissive society is a label given to a society where social norms are becoming increasingly liberal. ... Political correctness is the alteration of language to redress real or alleged injustices and discrimination or to avoid offense. ... For other uses, see Race (disambiguation). ... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Gay bashing Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Look up xenophobia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The study of race and intelligence is the controversial study of how human intellectual capacities may vary among the different population groups commonly known as races. ... For the 1987 film, see Right to Die (film) The term right to die refers to various issues around the death of an individual when that person could continue to live with the aid of life support, or in a diminished or enfeebled capacity. ... For mercy killings not performed on humans, see Animal euthanasia. ... This article is about secularism. ... Secularization or secularisation is a process of transformation as a society slowly migrates from close identification with the local institutions of religion to a more clearly separated relationship. ... The separation of church and state is a legal and political principle derived from the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof . ... For other uses, see Ten Commandments (disambiguation). ... The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guarantees freedom of religion, as long as religious activities do not infringe on public order in ways detrimental to society. ... The Pledge of Allegiance is a promise or oath of allegiance to the United States and the its national flag. ... School prayer in its most common usage refers to state sanctioned prayer by students in state schools. ... For the Macy Gray song, see Sexual Revolution (song). ... Sex education is education about sexual reproduction in human beings, sexual intercourse and other aspects of sexual behaviour. ... Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure. ... Mouse embryonic stem cells. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with NSA warrantless surveillance controversy. ... A transgender woman at New York Citys gay pride parade Transgender (IPA: , from trans (Latin) and gender (English)) is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies that diverge from the normative gender role (woman or man) commonly, but not always, assigned at... Posthuman Future, an illustration by Michael Gibbs for The Chronicle of Higher Educations look at how biotechnology will change the human experience, has become one of the secular icons representing transhumanism. ... The role of Women in combat has evolved over the centuries. ... Massive mark-ups for drugs, areas/drugs/index. ...

Australia

• History wars
  • Black armband view of history

The History wars are an ongoing public debate over the interpretation of the history of the white colonisation of Australia and its influence on responses to the current situation of the original inhabitants of the land. ... The black armband view of history is a phrase coined by Australian historian Professor Geoffrey Blainey in his 1993 Sir John Latham Memorial Lecture. ...

References

Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Patrick Buchanan Patrick Joseph Buchanan (born November 2, 1938), usually known as Pat Buchanan, is an American conservative journalist and a well known television political commentator. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

United States

• Pat Buchanan, 1992 Republican National Convention keynote, speech dated August 17, 1992.
• Pat Buchanan, The Cultural War for the Soul of America, speech dated September 14, 1992.
• Pat Buchanan, The Aggressors in the Culture Wars, column dated March 8, 2004.
• CultureWire Daily news.
• Culture War
• A Look at the Sexual Revolution in the United States

Australia

• The Hon John Howard MP, Prime Minister of Australia, Speech: A sense of balance: The Australian Achievement in 2006, Address to the National Press Club, 25 January 2006