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Encyclopedia > Culture during the Cold War
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The Cold War was reflected in culture through music, movies, books, and other media. One element of the Cold War often seen relates directly or indirectly to the threat of nuclear war. Another is the conflict between the superpowers in terms of espionage. Many works use the Cold War as a backdrop, or directly take part in fictional conflict between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. The period 1953-1962 saw Cold War themes first enter mainstream culture as a public preoccupation. Image File history File links Gnome-globe. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultivate), generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ...


The Cold War was also reflected in the attitudes of people in their every day lives. The Hollywood blacklist determined who would create, work on, and star in motion pictures; in politics the House Un-American Activities Committee questioned those thought to be communist sympathizers; in the US Senate, Joseph McCarthy created difficulties for many as well. Protestors opposing the jailing of the Hollywood Ten in 1950 (from the 1987 documentary Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist). ... HUAC hearings House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC or HCUA) (1938–1975) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. ...

Contents

Music

There were many protest songs during the 1980's that reflected general unease with the escalating tensions with the Soviet Union brought on by Ronald Reagan's and Margaret Thatcher's hard line against the Soviets. For example, various musical artists wore military uniform-like costumes, as a reflection of the increased feeling of militarism seen in the 1980's. Songs symbollically showed the superpowers going to war, as in the Frankie Goes to Hollywood song "Two Tribes." This song's MTV music video featured caricatures of US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet President Konstantin Chernenko in a wrestling match. Other songs expressed fear of World War III, as Sting in the song "Russians" where Sting eloquently states "I don't subscribe to his [Reagan's or Kruschev's] point of view" (that Reagan would protect his people, or that Kruschev would "bury you"). Other examples include Sly Fox's "Let's go all the way," a song about "going all the way" to nuclear war; The Escape Club's "Wild Wild West" with its various references to the Cold War; the Genesis song "Land of Confusion" expressed a desire to make some sense out of the world, especially in relation to nuclear war. Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 – 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 – 1975). ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC (born October 13, 1925), former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, in office from 1979 to 1990. ... Frankie Goes to Hollywood (FGTH) was one of the most controversial and commercially successful UK new wave acts of the early 1980s. ... Two Tribes is the title track of the second single by Frankie Goes To Hollywood, released in the UK by ZTT Records in May 1984 (see 1984 in music). ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 – 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 – 1975). ... Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (Russian: ; September 24, 1911 – March 10, 1985) was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the CPSU who led the Soviet Union from February 13, 1984 until his death just thirteen months later. ... For professional wrestler Steve Borden, see Sting (wrestler). ... Note: Sly Fox is also the name of a play by Larry Gelbart Sly Fox was a short-lived 1980s pop duo consisting of: Gary Mudbone Cooper — African American funk session musician noted for his work with George Clinton, Sly Stone and Bootsy Collins Michael Camacho — a Hispanic... The Escape Club was an English rock band formed in 1983. ... It has been suggested that Six of the Best be merged into this article or section. ... Land of Confusion is a rock song written by the band Genesis for their 1986 album Invisible Touch. ...


Probably the most famous of the 1980's songs against increased confrontation between the Soviets and the Americans was Nena's "99 Luftballons," which described the events that could lead to a nuclear war. Nena (born March 24, 1960 in Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German singer who became famous with the New German Wave song 99 Luftballons (99 Red Balloons in the English version). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...


Imperiet -- "Coca Cola Cowboys" -- a Swedish rock song about how the world is divided by two super powers that both claim to represent justice. Imperiet. ... C. C. Cowboys, short for Coca Cola Cowboys, is a Swedish pejorative term for U.S. soldiers, as lackeys of American imperialism. The term was used and made popular in a 1985 rock song by the leftist band Imperiet, describing the world divided by the two opposing super powers of...


Movies and Television

Films depicting nuclear war (The Cold War gets Hot)

On the Beach

The 1959 film On the Beach, depicted a gradually dying, post-apocalyptic world in Australia that remained after a nuclear Third World War. Other films include: Image File history File links On_the_Beach_DVD_cover. ... Image File history File links On_the_Beach_DVD_cover. ... On the Beach is a post-apocalyptic end-of-the-world novel written by British author Nevil Shute after he had emigrated to Australia. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... On the Beach is a post-apocalyptic end-of-the-world novel written by British author Nevil Shute after he had emigrated to Australia. ...

By Dawn’s Early Light is an HBO Original Movie which is set in the year 1991. ... HBO (Home Box Office) is an American premium cable television network. ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... Miracle Mile is a 1988 thriller film directed by Steve de Jarnatt and starring Anthony Edwards and Mare Winningham that takes place mostly in real time. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Testament is a 1983 film which tells the story of how one small town slowly falls apart after a nuclear war destroys outside civilization. ... Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... When the Wind Blows For the novel by James Patterson, see When the Wind Blows (James Patterson) When the Wind Blows (1982) is a graphic novel, by British artist Raymond Briggs, that shows a nuclear attack on Britain by the Soviet Union from the viewpoint of a retired couple, Jim... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... On the Beach is a post-apocalyptic end-of-the-world novel written by British author Nevil Shute after he had emigrated to Australia. ... A showcase is a performance or exhibit highlighting the work of a performer or group of performers, a particular culture or ethnic group, or of a nationality. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... HBO (Home Box Office) is an American premium cable television network. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Threads is a BBC television docu-drama film about a nuclear attack on the United Kingdom. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion (US$7. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The War Game is a 1965 television film on nuclear war. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Strangelove redirects here. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... The film The Sacrifice (Offret) by Andrei Tarkovsky, (Sweden, 1986) was filmed when Tarkovsky knew that he was dying of cancer and it can be seen as his testament, as it recaptures motives used in several of his previous films. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fail Safe is an episode from Season 5 of the science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... The Childrens Story is a short story written by James Clavell circa 1960 and published in 1980. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... James Clavell in 1986 James Clavell (10 October 1924 – 7 September 1994) was a novelist, screenwriter, and World War II POW, who was famous for books such as Shogun, and such films as The Great Escape and To Sir, with Love. ... The Day After is an American TV-movie which aired on November 20, 1983 on the ABC network. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wargames can refer to: Complex military simulations (in a computer or in the real world). ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The title screen from the film. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Films depicting a conventional US/USSR war

In addition to fears of a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union, during the Cold War, there were also fears of a direct, large scale conventional conflict between the two superpowers.

  • Amerika (ABC, 1987), a peaceful takeover of the United States by the Soviet Union.
  • Red Dawn (1984) -- presented a conventional Soviet attack with limited, strategic Soviet nuclear strikes on the United States, aided by allies from Latin America, and the exploits of a group of high schoolers who form a guerrilla group to oppose them.
  • Invasion U.S.A. -- The 1952 film showed a Soviet invasion of the U.S. succeeding because the citizenry had fallen into moral decay, war profiteering, and isolationism. The film was later parodied on Mystery Science Theater 3000. (This is not to be confused with the similarly-titled Chuck Norris action vehicle from 1985.)
  • A 1962 government-sponsored short subject, Red Nightmare, narrated by Jack Webb, imagined a Soviet-dominated America as a result of the protagonist's negligence of his "all-American" duties.

Amerika – suggesting a Russian name for the United States – was an American television miniseries that was broadcast in 1987. ... The American Broadcasting Company ( oftenly known as ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Red Dawn is a 1984 film by John Milius about an invasion of the United States by the Soviet Union, and the resulting guerrilla actions of a group of American high school students in the fictional town of Calumet, Colorado. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Look up guerrilla in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the Chuck Norris movie of the same name (but diffrent storyline) see Invasion U.S.A. (1985 film) Invasion U.S.A. (in the actual title frame but not the publicity, Invasion USA) is a 1952 motion picture set during the Cold War and portraying the invasion of the... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Isolationism is a foreign policy which combines a non-interventionist military and a political policy of economic nationalism (protectionism). ... Mystery Science Theater 3000, often abbreviated MST3K, is an American cult television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Best Brains, Inc. ... Carlos Ray Chuck Norris (born on 10 March 1940) is an American martial artist, action star, Hollywood actor, and recently, an internet phenomenon, who is best known for playing Cordell Walker on Walker, Texas Ranger. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... Red Nightmare (a. ... John Randolph Jack Webb (April 2, 1920 – December 23, 1982) was an American actor, television producer, director, and writer who is most famous for his role as Sergeant Joe Friday in the radio and television series Dragnet. ...

Films depicting Cold War Espionage

  • Firefox (film) The film details an American plot to steal a highly advanced Soviet fighter aircraft (MiG-31 Firefox) which is capable of Mach 6, is invisible to radar, and carries weapons controlled by thought.
  • The Hunt for Red October is a film based on a Tom Clancy novel of the same name about the captain of a technologically advanced Soviet ballistic missile submarine that attempts to defect to the United States.
  • James Bond first appeared in 1954. Fans loved the beautiful scarcely dressed women, exotic locations, tricky gadgets, and death-defying stunts. The films were based vaguely on the Cold War, but fans probably paid less and less attention to the politics. Bond movies followed the political climate in depicting Soviets and "Red" Chinese. In Casino Royale (1954), Bond was an American agent working with the British to destroy a ruthless Soviet agent in France, but he worked better as Agent 007, James Bond, of Her Majesty's Secret Service, was played by Sean Connery in 1971 and many actors since. Although the first Bond films involved the Cold War as a backdrop, later Bond films during the Cold War had with less and less Cold War and more and more sex and stunt work in each version.
  • «TASS Upolnomochen Zayavit...» (TASS is Authorized to Announce...) - a Soviet TV series based on Julian Semenov's novel. The plot of the movie is set around fictional African country Nagonia, where CIA agents are preparing a military coup, while KGB agent Slavin is trying to prevent it. Slavin succeeds by blackmailing the corrupt American spy John Glebe.

Firefox is a 1982 Warner Brothers film with Clint Eastwood as director, producer and star. ... The Hunt for Red October was a 1990 film based on the best-selling novel of the same name. ... Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. ... The Hunt for Red October is Tom Clancys first novel, published in 1984. ... Flemings commissioned image of James Bond to aid the Daily Express comic strip artists. ... Sir Thomas Sean Connery (born 25 August 1930) is an Academy Award-winning Scottish actor and producer who is perhaps best known as the first actor to portray James Bond in a number of films. ... Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union at the USSR Cabinet of Ministers or TASS (Russian: ) was the central agency for collection and distribution of internal and international news for all Soviet newspapers, radio and television stations. ... Yulian Semyonov (Юлиа́н Семёнович Семёнов) (October 8, 1931 - September 5, 1993) was a Russian writer of spy fiction. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ...

Films reflecting non-military competition between the superpowers

  • Rocky IV
  • Circus (1938)
  • Ninotchka (1939)
  • The Russians Are Coming, The Russians Are Coming (1966)

Rocky IV is the fourth and most successful movie, in terms of box office gross, of the Rocky franchise. ...

TV Shows

This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Mission: Impossible is the name of an American television series which aired on the CBS network from September 1966 to September 1973. ... The starship Enterprise as it appeared on Star Trek Star Trek is a culturally significant science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry in the 1960s. ... I Led Three Lives is a US television show which was syndicated by Ziv Television Programs from 1953-56. ...

Arts

The U.S. and Russia engaged in a competition in the arts as well- mainly ballet. They would send previews of their country's ballets to prove their superiority. In the U.S., this caused a dramatic increase in government funding. In both countries, ballet was turned into powerful political propaganda, and they used dance to reflect life style in the "battle for the hearts and minds of men."


Musicals and Plays

  • Chess The game of chess was another mode of competition between the two superpowers, which the musical demonstrates.

Björn Ulvaeus, Tim Rice, and Benny Andersson, the creators of Chess Chess is a musical with lyrics by Tim Rice and music by Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson, formerly of ABBA. The story involves a romantic triangle between two players in a world chess championship, and a woman... An American B-2 bomber in flight. ...

Video Games

Missile Command is an arcade video game released by Atari in 1980. ... Firefox is a single player arcade laserdisc game based on the 1982 Clint Eastwood movie of the same name. ... Raid Over Moscow is a computer game for the Commodore 64. ...

Books and other works

  • Masters of Deceit -- a non-fiction work written by the FBI, through J. Edgar Hoover's office, extolling the vices of Communism, and the virtues of Americanism. [2]
  • Glasnost radically changed Russian culture, as books that had been forbidden suddenly became available, and people were reading them all the time, everywhere. [3]

Alas, Babylon is a novel by Pat Frank published in 1959. ... Pat Frank (May 5, 1907 – October 12, 1964) is the pen name of the American novelist Harry Hart Frank. ... A Techno-Thriller, Arc Light is set towards the end of the 1990s and depicts a warp between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. ... Resurrection Day (ISBN 0-399-14498-6) is a novel written by Brendan Dubois in 1999. ... Brendan DuBois is an American mystery fiction and suspense writer. ... Twilight 2000 is a role playing game set in the aftermath of World War III. The premise is that the United States and the Soviet Union have gone to (limited) nuclear war with all its consequences. ... This article is about games in which one plays the role of a character. ... Warday is a novel by Whitley Strieber and James Kunetka, first published in 1984. ... Louis Whitley Strieber (born June 13, 1945) is a US writer best known for his horror novels The Wolfen and The Hunger and for Communion, which professes to be a non-fictional description of his subjective experiences with non-human entities (see alien abduction). ... Red Storm Rising is a 1986 techno-thriller novel by Tom Clancy and Larry Bond about a Third World War in Europe between NATO and Warsaw Pact forces, set around the mid-1980s, probably in 1986 or 1987. ... Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ... Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ... Nineteen Eighty-Four (commonly written as 1984) is a dystopian novel by the English writer George Orwell, published in 1949. ... Spy vs. ... Frederick Forsyth. ... The Fourth Protocol is a novel written by Frederick Forsyth and published in August 1984. ... The Fourth Protocol is a 1987 movie starring Michael Caine and Pierce Brosnan, based on the novel of the same name written by Frederick Forsyth. ... Sir Maurice Joseph Micklewhite CBE (born March 14, 1933), known professionally as Michael Caine, is a two-time Academy Award-winning British film actor. ... Kiss Me Deadly is a 1955 film produced and directed by Robert Aldrich starring Ralph Meeker. ... The Manchurian Candidate is a film adapted from the 1959 thriller novel written by Richard Condon. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972) was an influential but controversial director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ...   (Russian: IPA: ) is a Russian word for transparency or openness. ...

Commercials

Wendy's Hamburger Chain, had a commercial showing a "Soviet Fashion Show," with the same woman wearing the same outfit for various situations, the only difference being in the accessory she had with her. For the Australian ice cream chain, see Wendys Supa Sundaes. ...


Apple Computer's "1984" ad. Apple Inc. ...


Sports

  • 1980 The Miracle on Ice- The U.S. defeats the USSR in the 1980 Winter Olympic Ice Hockey Tournament
  • 1980 Boycott of the Summer Olympics by the US
  • 1984 Boycott of the Summer Olympics by the USSR

Jackie Robinson was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee, specifically stating that he was not a Communist. [4] The 1980 U.S. Olympic hockey team celebrates the goal that led them to victory over the USSR. The Miracle on Ice is the popular nickname for the final round of ice hockey competition in the 1980 Olympic Winter Games, in which a team of amateur and collegiate players from... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ... Jack Roosevelt Jackie Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) became the first African-American Major League Baseball player of the modern era in 1947. ...


Politics

House Un-American Activities Committee

Main article: House Un-American Activities Committee

The House Un-American Activities Committee interfered in American cultural life through its questioning of actors, directors, and others who produced movies in Hollywood. The effect of this questioning was the Hollywood blacklist, and was felt far beyond Hollywood. HUAC hearings House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC or HCUA) (1938–1975) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. ... Protestors opposing the jailing of the Hollywood Ten in 1950 (from the 1987 documentary Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist). ...


Political Campaigns

1950 Defeat of Senator Claude Pepper

A pamphlet was circulated with the title The Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper, [5] which painted him as a communist sympathiser, and cost him the election. He later served in the US House of Representatives. Claude Denson Pepper (September 8, 1900 – May 30, 1989) was an American politician of the Democratic Party, and a spokesman for liberalism and the elderly. ...


Daisy

Daisy the most famous campaign commercial of the Cold War. Aired only once on 7 September 1964, it was a factor in Lyndon B. Johnson's defeat of Barry Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election. Daisy, sometimes known as Daisy Girl, or Peace Little Girl is perhaps the most famous campaign commercial of all time. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... “LBJ” redirects here. ... Barry Morris Goldwater (January 1, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–87) and the Republican Partys nominee for president in the 1964 election. ...


The commercial begins with a sweet young girl standing in a meadow with chirping birds, picking the petals of a daisy while counting each petal slowly. Her sweet innocence and several mistakes in her counting endear her to the viewer. When she reaches "9", an ominous-sounding male voice is then heard counting down a missile launch, and as the girl eyes turns toward something she sees in the sky, the camera zooms in until her pupil fills the screen, blacking it out. When the countdown reaches zero, the blackness is replaced by the flash and mushroom cloud from a nuclear explosion. The contrast between her sweet innocence and the harsh reality of nuclear war is very disturbing for many viewers. The atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945 A mushroom cloud is a distinctive mushroom-shaped cloud of smoke, flame, or debris resulting from a very large explosion. ...


As the firestorm rages, a voiceover from Johnson states, "These are the stakes! To make a world in which all of God's children can live, or to go into the dark. We must either love each other, or we must die." Another voiceover then says, "Vote for President Johnson on November 3. The stakes are too high for you to stay home."


1976 Presidential Debate

In 1976, President Gerald Ford made a mistake in saying that he believed that Poland was free from Soviet influence. 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ...


Protest Culture

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament logo In British politics, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been at the forefront of the peace movement in the United Kingdom and claims to be Europes largest single-issue peace campaign. ... The Committee for Non-Violent Action, formed in 1957 to resist the US Governments program of nuclear weapons testing, was one of the first organisations to employ nonviolent direct action to protest against the nuclear arms race. ... SANE redirects here. ...

Other

  • Barbie -- Barbie represented the American way of life, because she was the ultimate consumer. [6]
  • The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) movement was frequently plagued by references to communism. In an interview on the NPR interview show Fresh Air, author David Halberstam states that often Southern politicians would refer to the NAACP as the NACCCP, a reference to the way that USSR is spelled in Russian. (Re-broadcast 4/23/07, just after his death.)
  • New Math was a strong reaction to the launch of Sputnik, by changing the way mathematics was taught to school age children.

Barbie is a best-selling doll launched at the American International Toy Fair on March 9, 1959. ... Prominent figures of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. ... For the Scottish student radio station, see Fresh Air (Edinburgh). ... David Halberstam (April 10, 1934 – April 23, 2007) was an American Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author known for his early work on the Vietnam War, his work on politics, history, business, media, American culture, and his later sports journalism. ... Historic Southern United States. ... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), is one of the oldest and most influential hate organizations in the United States. ... New math is a term referring to a brief dramatic change in the way mathematics was taught in American grade schools during the 1960s. ... Sputnik 1 The Sputnik crisis was a turn point of the Cold War that began on October 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 1 satellite. ...

References

This article or section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)
Any material not supported by sources may be challenged and removed at any time. This article has been tagged since August 2006.
  1. ^ Whitfield, Stephen J., The Culture of the Cold War, page 66
  2. ^ Whitfield, Stephen J., The Culture of the Cold War, page 68
  3. ^ Remnick, David, Lenin's Tomb: The last days of the Soviet Empire, page 59
  4. ^ Whitfield, Stephen J., The Culture of the Cold War, page 194
  5. ^ Whitfield, Stephen J., The Culture of the Cold War, page 29
  6. ^ Whitfield, Stephen J., The Culture of the Cold War, page 71
  • Orwell, George. (1949). Nineteen-Eighty-Four. London: Secker & Warburg. (later edn. ISBN 0-451-52493-4)

External links

  • Video of the Daisy ad, from the PBS website
  • A Historical Look at Campaign Commercials
  • Spy vs Spy Gallery
  • Missile Command at the Killer List of Videogames

 
 

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