NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Culture of Canada

Canadian culture is an umbrella term that encompasses the artistic, musical, literary, culinary, political and social elements that are representative of Canada, not only to its own population, but to people all over the world. Canada's culture has historically been influenced by European culture and traditions, especially British and French. Over time, elements of the cultures of Canada's Aboriginal peoples and immigrant populations have become incorporated into mainstream Canadian culture. Canada's culture has also been strongly influenced by that of the United States. These four influences have combined over centuries to form the modern culture of Canada, that will be discussed in more detail in this article. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 403 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (735 Ã— 1092 pixel, file size: 97 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bonhomme Carnaval - Carnaval dhiver de QuÃ©bec (2006-02) Bonhomme Carnaval - Quebec City winter carnival (2006-02) Photo par / taken by S... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 403 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (735 Ã— 1092 pixel, file size: 97 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bonhomme Carnaval - Carnaval dhiver de QuÃ©bec (2006-02) Bonhomme Carnaval - Quebec City winter carnival (2006-02) Photo par / taken by S...

Canada's federal government has influenced Canadian culture with programs, laws and institutions. It has created crown corporations to promote Canadian culture through media, such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and promotes many events which it considers to promote Canadian traditions. It has also tried to protect Canadian culture by setting legal minimums on Canadian content in many media using bodies like the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).^[1]. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the countryâ€™s national public radio and television broadcaster. ... The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is a Canadian public filmmaking organization established to produce and distribute films that inform Canadians and promote Canada around the world. ... Cultural protectionism in Canada has, since the mid 20th century, taken the form of conscious, interventionist attempts on the part of various Canadian governments to promote Canadian cultural production and limit the effect of foreign, largely American, culture on the domestic audience. ... Canadian content (abbreviated cancon or can-con) refers to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission requirements that radio and television broadcasters (including cable/satellite specialty channels) must air a certain percentage of content that was at least partly written, produced, presented, or otherwise contributed to by persons from Canada. ... The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC, in French Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des tÃ©lÃ©communications canadiennes) was established in 1968 by the Canadian Parliament to replace the Board of Broadcast Governors. ...

Canada’s culture, like that of most any country in the world, is a product of its history, geography, and political system. Being a country mainly of immigrants, Canada has been shaped by waves of migration that have combined to form a unique blend of customs, cuisine, and traditions that have marked the socio-cultural development of the nation. In this article, several aspects of Canadian culture will be discussed. Though this article attempts to feature a variety of subjects pertinent to the culture of Canada, it is in no way exhaustive, and to gain a much deeper knowledge of Canada and its culture, one must also consult the other articles pertaining to Canada and its peoples.

Development of Canadian culture

Canadian culture is a product of Canada's history and geography. Most of Canada's territory was inhabited and developed later than other European colonies in the Americas, with the result that themes and symbols of pioneers, trappers, and traders were important in the early development of Canadian culture.^[2] The British conquest of Quebec in 1759 brought a large Francophone population under British rule, creating a need for compromise and accommodation, while the migration of United Empire Loyalists from the Thirteen Colonies brought in strong British and American influences. For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). ... History studies time in human terms. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... This article refers to a colony in politics and history. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... , Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 kmÂ² (595... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The name United Empire Loyalists is given to those American Loyalists who resettled in British North America and other British Colonies as an act of fealty to King George III after the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War. ... In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. ...

Although not without conflict, Canada's early interactions with native populations were relatively peaceful, compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with relatively late economic development in many regions, this peaceful history has allowed Canadian native peoples to have a relatively strong influence on the national culture while preserving their own identity.^[3] First Nations is a Canadian term of ethnicity which refers to the aboriginal peoples located in what is now Canada, and their descendants who are neither Inuit nor MÃ©tis. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants. ...

Bilingualism and multiculturalism

French Canada's early development was relatively cohesive during the 17th and 18th centuries, and this was preserved by the Quebec Act of 1774, which allowed Francophone culture to survive and thrive within Canada.^[4] In 1867, the British North America Act was designed to meet the growing calls for Canadian autonomy while avoiding the overly-strong decentralization that contributed to the Civil War in the United States.^[5] The compromises made by Macdonald and Cartier set Canada on a path to bilingualism,^[6] and this in turn contributed to an acceptance of diversity that later led to both multiculturalism and tolerance of First Nations culture and customs.^[7] Bilingual (English/French) stop sign on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. ... There are a multitude of languages spoken in Canada, but only English, French and certain aboriginal languages have official status. ... Canadian English (CaE) is a variety of English used in Canada. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... // The Quebec Act of 1774 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 14 Geo. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of the British Parliament dealing with the government of Canada. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... For other persons named John Alexander Macdonald, see John Alexander Macdonald (disambiguation). ... Hon. ... The term bilingualism (from bi meaning two and lingua meaning language) can refer to rather different phenomena. ... The term multiculturalism is used to describe the recognition of cultural and ethnic diversity within the demographics of a particular social space. ... First Nations is a Canadian term of ethnicity which refers to the aboriginal peoples located in what is now Canada, and their descendants who are neither Inuit nor MÃ©tis. ...

Multicultural heritage is enshrined in Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In parts of Canada, especially the major cities of Montreal, Vancouver, and Toronto (for example, in Toronto's Kensington Market area), multiculturalism itself is the cultural norm and diversity is the force that unites the community.^[8] The gate to Montreals chinatown. ... The gate to Montreals chinatown. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region MontrÃ©al Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government - Mayor GÃ©rald Tremblay Area [1][2][3] - City 365. ... Section Twenty-seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter that, as part of a range of provisions within the section 25 to section 31 bloc, helps determine how rights in other sections of the Charter should be interpreted and applied by the... Kensington Market is one of the most famous neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, and in November 2006 became a National Historic Site. ...

In Quebec, cultural identity is strong, and many Québécois commentators speak of a Quebec culture as distinguished from English Canadian culture, but some also see Canada as a collection of several regional, aboriginal, and ethnic subcultures. ^[9] Cultural identity is the (feeling of) identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as he is influenced by his belonging to a group or culture. ... This article is about the use of the term. ... The culture of Quebec is a Western culture that is rooted in the history and society of the French-speaking majority. ... English Canada is a term used to describe either: the anglophone residents of Canada or the Canadian provinces other than Quebec and, sometimes, New Brunswick, in which French is an official language of the provincial governments. ...

While French Canadian culture is the most obvious example, Celtic influences have allowed survival of non-English dialects in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland; however, the influence of Ulster immigrants to Toronto has had the effect of minimizing Irish influences in Ontario's culture, and highlighting British influences instead, until the 1980s. Canada's Pacific trade has also brought a large Chinese influence into British Columbia and other areas. French Canadian is a term that has several different connotations. ... This article is about the European people. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English, Canadian Gaelic Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867... This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... This article is about the nine-county Irish province. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government - Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour Without Sunset (diminishment)) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area Ranked 5th - Total 944,735...

Canada's cultural diversity also creates an environment much more accepting of gay and lesbian people than one finds in the United States or most other countries.^[10] Canada has always placed emphasis on equality and inclusivness for all people. For example, in 1995, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in Egan v. Canada that sexual orientation should be "read in" to Section Fifteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, a part of the Constitution of Canada guaranteeing equal rights to all Canadians. Following a series of decisions by provincial courts and the Supreme Court of Canada, on July 20, 2005, Bill C-38 received Royal Assent, legalizing same-sex marriage in Canada. Canada thus became the fourth country to officially sanction gay marriage nationwide, after The Netherlands, Belgium, and Spain. Furthermore, by 2005, sexual orientation was included as a protected status in the human rights laws of the federal government and of all provinces and territories. GAY can mean: Gay, a term referring to homosexual men or women The IATA code for Gaya Airport Category: ... This article is about same-sex desire and sexuality among women. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprÃªme du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... Egan v. ... Sexual orientation refers to the direction of an individuals sexuality, usually conceived of as classifiable according to the sex or gender of the persons whom the individual finds sexually attractive. ... Section Fifteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms consist of the equality rights guarantee of the Charter against all forms of discrimination perpetrated by the government with the exception of ameliorative programs (affirmative action). ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada. ... Equal Rights can be: One of several groups called the Equal Rights Party. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Civil Marriage Act (full title: An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes) was introduced as Bill C-38 in the first session of the 38th Canadian Parliament on February 1, 2005. ... // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ... Same-sex marriage was legalized across Canada by the Civil Marriage Act enacted on July 20, 2005. ... The Netherlands has allowed same-sex marriage since April 1, 2001, the first country to do so. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Canada has enshrined more legal rights for LGBT people than many other liberal nations. ...

Aboriginal influences

There were, and are, many distinct Aboriginal peoples across Canada, each with its own culture, beliefs, values, language, and history. Much of this legacy remains celebrated artistically, and in other ways, in Canada to this day. Part of the emblem of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics is an inukshuk, a rock sculpture that is made by stacking stones in the shape of a human figure that is a part of Inuit culture. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (900 Ã— 1200 pixel, file size: 874 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (900 Ã— 1200 pixel, file size: 874 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ... Wikinews has related news: Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games The 2010 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games, are the next Winter Olympics and will be celebrated in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 2010. ... An inukshuk on the flag of Nunavut An inukshuk (Inuktitut: inuksuk / áƒá“„á’ƒá“±á’ƒ, plural inuksuit / áƒá“„á’ƒá“±áƒá‘¦) is a stone landmark used as a milestone or directional marker by the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic. ... For other uses, see Inuit (disambiguation). ...

Multicultural elements

Multiculturalism, officially endorsed in Section Twenty-seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, has a large influence on Canadian culture, which is post-ethnic and trans-national in character. According to the Department of Canadian Heritage. [1] Section Twenty-seven of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter that, as part of a range of provisions within the section 25 to section 31 bloc, helps determine how rights in other sections of the Charter should be interpreted and applied by the... The Department of Canadian Heritage, also referred to as Heritage Canada or simply Department of Heritage, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies regarding the arts, culture, media, communications networks, and sports and multiculturalism. ...

Influences by American Culture

Easy access to broadcast media has brought many American influences into Canadian culture since the mid-20th century. In reaction to this, Canadian broadcasters, in cooperation with the federal and provincial governments have attempted to emphasize Canadian culture and values on the airwaves. One example of this is the Heritage Moments commercials on television (which act as mini-history lessons). Defending and enhancing national culture is a major priority for the Canadian government, with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) and the Department of Canadian Heritage having responsibility for promoting Canadian culture.

In certain regards, Canada and the United States share a similar culture, which can be defined as "North American." Canadians are exposed to much American culture, due to the proximity of the United States, as well as a common linguistic bond shared between a majority (75%) of Canadians and their neighbours to the south. Most Canadians are familiar with American fast-food restaurants, television shows, music, sports, and retail brands/stores. Some of these cultural elements (especially fast-food restaurants, television, and music) are available in Canada, but their existence does not imply that equivalent domestic "Canadian versions" do not exist.

Despite the close ties, Canadian culture can also sometimes seek to aggressively differentiate itself from that of the United States, or embrace anti-Americanism. This sometimes takes the form of mocking or insulting Americans, or embracing certain stereotypes of "American-ness" in the popular media, for example the television shows An American In Canada or Talking to Americans, or the popular I am Canadian ad campaign of Molson.

Regardless of American influence and a certain level of cultural mixing, the vast majority of Canadians are fully aware of their cultural achievements. The Canadian music and television industries are strong and vibrant, and Canadian theatre and literature are very much respected, not only domestically, but internationally as well. Canadian culture often has political overtones, though not necessarily of a partisan nature. Canadian idealism makes many Canadians critical of government, social, and cultural institutions and traditions, comparing the status quo to their idealized view of what Canada should and could become.

Art

The arts have flourished in Canada since the 1900s, and especially since the end of World War II in 1945. Government support has played a vital role in their development, as has the establishment of numerous art schools and colleges across the country. Red Maple by A.Y. Jackson This painting is the property of the National Gallery of Canada. ... Red Maple by A.Y. Jackson This painting is the property of the National Gallery of Canada. ... A.Y. Jackson at work Alexander Young Jackson, CC , CMG (born October 3, 1882 in Montreal, Quebec, died April 5, 1974 in Kleinburg, Ontario) was a Canadian painter and founding member of the Group of Seven. ... The Group of Seven was a group of Canadian landscape painters in the 1920s, originally consisting of Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Frederick Varley. ... The following is a list of some important Canadian artists and groups of artists: Individuals Ran Andrews, 1956-, painter Robert Bateman, 1930-, painter Emily Carr, 1871-1945, painter Alex Colville, 1920-, painter Ken Danby, 1940-, painter Charles Daudelin, 1920-2001, sculptor and painter Paterson Ewen, 1925-2002, painter Marcelle Ferron...

The works of most early Canadian painters followed European trends. During the mid 1800s, Cornelius Krieghoff, a Dutch born artist in Quebec, painted scenes of the life of the habitants (French-Canadian farmers). At about the same time, the Canadian artist Paul Kane painted pictures of Indian life in western Canada. A group of landscape painters called the Group of Seven developed the first distinctly Canadian style of painting. All these artists painted large, brilliantly coloured scenes of the Canadian wilderness. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (874x629, 1475 KB) Licensing This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (874x629, 1475 KB) Licensing This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. ... Cornelius Krieghoff (June 19, 1815 - March 8, 1872) is probably the most popular Canadian painter of the 19th century. ... This article is about the painter. ... Landscape art depicts scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests. ... The Group of Seven was a group of Canadian landscape painters in the 1920s, originally consisting of Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Frederick Varley. ...

Since the 1930s, Canadian painters have developed a wide range of highly individual styles. Emily Carr became famous for her paintings of totem poles of British Columbia. Other noted painters have included the landscape artist David Milne, the abstract painters Jean-Paul Riopelle and Harold Town and multi-media artist Michael Snow. Emily Carr Emily Carr (December 13, 1871 â€“ March 2, 1945) was a Canadian artist and writer. ... Sir David Milne, GCB (May 1763-5 May 1845) was a British admiral. ... La Joute, by Jean-Paul Riopelle Jean-Paul Riopelle (7 October 1923 - 12 March 2002) was a painter and sculptor from Quebec. ... Interior of the Eaton Centre showing one of Michael Snow and Joyce Wielands best known sculptures, called Flightstop, which depict Canada Geese in flight. ...

The abstract art group Painters Eleven, particularly the artists William Ronald and Jack Bush, also had an important impact on modern art in Canada. Canadian sculpture has been enriched by the walrus ivory and soapstone carvings by the Inuit artists. These carvings show objects and activities from the daily life of the Inuit. Harold Town, Mechanical Forest Sound, oil on masonite, 1953 Painters Eleven (variant names Painters 11 or P11) was a collective of abstract artists active in Canada from 1954 to 1960. ... Ronald, The Hero, oil on canvas, 1957 Ronald, mixed media on paper, 1993 William Ronald, R.C.A. (1926-1998) (variant name William Smith Ronald; born Willam Ronald Smith) was an important Canadian painter, best known as the founder the influential Canadian abstract art group Painters Eleven in 1954. ... Bush, Big A, acrylic on canvas, 1968 Jack Bush (1909-1977) (variant name John Hamilton Bush) was an important Canadian abstract expressionist painter, born in Toronto, Ontario in 1909. ... For other uses, see Inuit (disambiguation). ...

Literature

Canadian literature is often divided into French and English-language literature, which are rooted in the literary traditions of France and Britain, respectively, However, collectively this literature has become distinctly Canadian. Canada’s literature, whether written in English or French, often reflects the Canadian perspective on nature,frontier life, and Canada’s position in the world, Canadian identity is closely tied to its literature. Canadian literature is often categorised by region or province; by the status of the author (e.g., literature of Canadian women, Acadians, Aboriginal peoples in Canada, and Irish Canadians); and by literary period, such as "Canadian postmoderns" or "Canadian Poets Between the Wars." Canadian literature may be divided into two parts, based on their separate roots: one stems from the culture and literature from France; the other from Britain. ... Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. ... The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located on the northern portion of North Americas east coast). ... Aboriginal people in Canada are Indigenous Peoples recognized in the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982, sections 25 and 35, respectively, as Indians (First Nations), MÃ©tis, and Inuit. ... Irish Canadians are immigrants and descendants of immigrants who origninated in Ireland. ...

In the 1980s, Canadian literature began to be noticed around the world. ^{[citation needed]} By the 1990s, Canadian literature was viewed as some of the world's best, and Canadian authors began to accumulate international awards. ^[11] In 1992, Michael Ondaatje became the first Canadian to win the Booker Prize for The English Patient. Margaret Atwood won the Booker in 2000 for The Blind Assassin and Yann Martel won it in 2002 for The Life of Pi. Carol Shields's The Stone Diaries won the 1995 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and in 1998. The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Philip Michael Ondaatje, OC (born 12 September 1943) is a Canadian/Sri Lankan novelist and poet perhaps best known for his Booker Prize winning novel adapted into an Academy-Award-winning film, The English Patient. ... The Man Booker Prize for Fiction, also known as the Man Booker Prize, or simply the Man Booker, is one of the worlds most important literary prizes, and awarded each year for the best original novel written by a citizen of the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland in... Margaret Eleanor Atwood, OC (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian writer. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Yann Martel (born June 25, 1963 in Salamanca, Spain) is a Canadian author best known for the Man Booker Prize-winning novel Life of Pi. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Carol Shields, CC , OM , D.Litt. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction has been awarded since 1948 for distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...

Canadian theatre

Canada has a thriving stage theatre scene, especially in Southern Ontario and in Quebec. Theatre festivals draw many tourists in the summer months, especially the Stratford Festival of Canada in Stratford, Ontario, and the Shaw Festival in Niagara On The Lake, Ontario. The Famous People Players are only one of many touring companies that have also developed an international reputation. Canada also boasts the world's second largest live theatre festival^{[citation needed]}, the Edmonton Fringe Festival. The contemporary theatre scene in Canada revolves around companies and summer festivals based at facilities in Canadian cities. ... The Festival Theatre The Stratford Festival of Canada is a summer-long celebration of theatre held each year in Stratford, Ontario, Canada. ... Stratford is a city on the Avon River in Perth County in southwestern Ontario, Canada with a population of 30,461 in 2006, although the population is actually at or in excess of 40,000. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government - Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... The Shaw Festival is a major Canadian theatre festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, the second largest repertory theatre company in North America. ... Categories: Canada geography stubs | Ontario communities | Coastal towns of Canada ... Famous People Players is an internationally renowned black light theatre company. ... The Edmonton Fringe Festival is an annual event held every August in Edmonton, Alberta in Canada. ...

Film and television

The Canadian film market was dominated by the American film industry for decades, although that film industry has since inception seen a prominent role for actors, directors, producers and technicians of Canadian origin. In the 1960s Michel Brault, Pierre Perrault, Gilles Groulx, Jean-Pierre Lefebvre, Arthur Lamothe, Claude Jutra and other filmmakers from Quebec began to challenge Hollywood by making innovative and politically relevant documentary and feature films. The cinema of Canada has produced many people who have made an impact in the cinema of the world, despite the small scale of the Canadian film industry. ... This article concerns television in Canada, including its history, programming and business. ... The history of cinema in QuÃ©bec started on June 27, 1896 when the French Louis Minier inaugurated the first movie projection in North America in a Montreal theatre room. ... Gilles Groulx ( 30 May 1931, Montréal, Quebec, Canada - 22 August 1994) grew up in a working-class family with 14 children. ... Jean Pierre Lefebvre (born 17 August 1941) is a French Canadian film maker. ... Claude Jutra (March 11, 1930 - November 5, 1986) was a Quebec film director and writer. ... ...

Among the important English-speaking filmmakers from this period are Allan King, Norman Jewison and Robin Spry. Michael Snow continues to be one of the most respected experimental film makers in the world.^{[citation needed]} Norman Jewison received an Irving Thalberg Academy Award in recognition for his lifetime achievement in film in 1999. Allan King (born February 6, 1930, Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian film director. ... Norman Frederick Jewison, CC, BA, LL.D (born July 21, 1926) is a Canadian film director, producer, and actor. ... Robin Spry (1939-2005) was a Canadian filmmaker and television producer best known for his documentary about Quebecs October Crisis. ... Interior of the Eaton Centre showing one of Michael Snow and Joyce Wielands best known sculptures, called Flightstop, which depict Canada Geese in flight. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ...

Canada has developed a vigorous film industry that has produced a variety of well-known films, actors, and auteurs. In fact, this eclipsing may sometimes be creditable for the bizarre and innovative directions of the works of such auteurs as Atom Egoyan (The Sweet Hereafter, 1997) and David Cronenberg (The Fly, Naked Lunch, A History of Violence). Also, the distinct French-Canadian society permits the work of directors such as Denys Arcand and Denis Villeneuve. (see the List of notable Canadians in the film and television industries for more information) Image File history File linksMetadata Boncop. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Boncop. ... Atom Egoyan at the Third Golden Apricot Film Festival. ... The Sweet Hereafter is a novel (1991) written by U.S. author Russell Banks; and an award-winning film (1997) by Canadian director Atom Egoyan, who also wrote the screenplay. ... David Paul Cronenberg OC, FRSC (born May 15, 1943[2]) is a Canadian film director and occasional actor. ... The Fly is a 1986 science fiction/horror/romantic tragedy film produced by Brooksfilms and 20th Century Fox, directed by David Cronenberg, and starring Jeff Goldblum, Geena Davis and John Getz. ... Naked Lunch is a 1991 film by the Canadian director David Cronenberg. ... A History of Violence is 2005 film, directed by David Cronenberg. ... Georges-Henri Denys Arcand, C.C., C.Q. born June 25, 1941 in Deschambault, Quebec, Canada is an Academy Award winning film director, screenwriter and producer. ... Denis Villeneuve (born on October 3, 1967 in Gentilly, Quebec) is a Quebecois film director and writer. ... This list includes notable Canadians involved in the film and television industries, including actors, newscasters, directors and producers. ...

However given Canada's small population and perhaps, because of the closeness of the giant American TV and film industries, distinctively Canadian productions such as those in the TIFF Canada's Top Ten Films of All Time are relatively thin on the ground, compared with the situations in the United Kingdom.

However, Lion's Gates Films and Alliance Atlantis are two film production companies headquartered in Canada which have grown large enough to compete with larger American productions down south. In addition, because of the intricate relationship between the American and Canadian film industry, numerous films such as David Cronenberg's A History of Violence (2005) are often credited as both Canadian films by Canadian publications and as American films by American publications due to differing definitions of what constitutes a Canadian or American film by each country.

A number of Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood significantly contributed to the creation of the motion picture industry in the early days of the 20th century. Over the years, many Canadians have made enormous contributions to the American entertainment industry, although they are frequently not recognized as Canadians (see Famous Canadians). Motion pictures have been a part of the Canadians. ... This is a list of well-known Canadians. ...

Canada's film industry is in full expansion as a site for Hollywood productions. Since the 1980s, Canada, and Vancouver in particular, has become known as Hollywood North. The American Queer as Folk was filmed in Toronto. Canadian producers have been very successful in the field of science fiction since the mid-1990s, with such shows as The X-Files, Stargate SG-1, the new Battlestar Galactica, Smallville, and The Outer Limits, all filmed in Vancouver. As with its southern counterpart in California, USA, many Canadians are employed in the film industry, and celebrity-spotting is frequent throughout many Canadian cities. Hollywood North, an allusion to Hollywood, California, the most notable film centre in the world, is a colloquialism used to describe film production locations and or film gatherings located north of its namesake. ... Queer as Folk was an American television series produced by Showtime, which was based on the British series of the same name created by Russell T. Davies. ... // Science fiction in Canada was produced by the CBC as early as the 1950s. ... The X-Files is a Peabody- and Emmy Award-winning science fiction television series created by Chris Carter, which first aired on September 10, 1993, and ended on May 19, 2002. ... Stargate SG-1 (often abbreviated as SG-1) is a science fiction television series, part of the Stargate franchise. ... The Battlestar Galactica science fiction franchise, which began as a 1978 TV series, was reimagined in 2003 into the TV miniseries. ... Smallville is an American television series that follows the adventures of a young Clark Kent (Tom Welling), as a teenager living in Smallville, Kansas, during the years before he becomes Superman. ... The Outer Limits is an American television series. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 kmÂ²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...

Montreal, due to its European appearance, has served in a great variety of mainstream movies, attracting the loyalty of industry people such as Bruce Willis; there are plans to build the world's biggest film studio on the outskirts of the city. The choice of location is allegedly due to cost, rather than a requirement for a 'Canadian atmosphere'. The frequent question of a Canadian, seeing a film crew on his or her local streets, is 'Which bit of the States are we pretending to be today?'. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Walter Bruce Willis (born March 19, 1955 in Idar-Oberstein, Germany) is an American actor and singer. ...

Canadian television, especially supported by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, is the home of a variety of locally-produced shows. French-language television, like French Canadian film, is buffered from excessive American influence by the fact of language, and likewise supports a host of home-grown productions. The relative success of French-language domestic television and movies in Canada often exceeds that of its English-language counterpart. Download high resolution version (778x1102, 165 KB) This work is copyrighted. ... Download high resolution version (778x1102, 165 KB) This work is copyrighted. ... The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the countryâ€™s national public radio and television broadcaster. ...

The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission's Canadian content regulations dictate that a certain percentage of a domestic broadcaster's transmission time must include content that is produced by Canadians, or covers Canadian subjects. This also applies to US cable television channels such as MTV and the Discovery Channel, which have local versions of their channels available on Canadian cable networks. Similarly, BBC Canada, while primarily showing BBC shows from the United Kingdom, also carries Canadian output. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC, in French Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des tÃ©lÃ©communications canadiennes) was established in 1968 by the Canadian Parliament to replace the Board of Broadcast Governors. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Coaxial cable is often used to transmit cable television into the house. ... This article is about the original U.S. music television channel. ... Discovery Channel is a cable and satellite TV channel founded by John Hendricks which is distributed by Discovery Communications. ... BBC Canada is a general entertainment Canadian category 2 digital cable television channel. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ...

National Film Board of Canada [2], is 'a public agency that produces and distributes films and other audiovisual works which reflect Canada to Canadians and the rest of the world'. The agency helped to pioneer the concept of the documentary. The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is a Canadian public filmmaking organization established to produce and distribute films that inform Canadians and promote Canada around the world. ...

The Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) is considered by many to be one of the most prevalent film festivals for Western cinema. It is the premiere film festival in North America from which the Oscars race begins.[3] Poster for the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival Box office at the Manulife Centre The Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), held in Toronto, Canada, is widely considered to be one of the top film festivals in the world. ...

In addition, many popular political documentaries such as Noam Chomsky's Manufacturing Consent, The Corporation and Bowling for Columbine involved Canadian production and funding. Some of other more notable documentaries include: Nanook of the North, Final Offer (film), and Canada: A People's History. The Corporation is a 2003 Canadian documentary film critical of the modern-day corporation, considering it as a class of person and evaluating its behaviour towards society and the world at large as a psychologist might evaluate an ordinary person. ... Bowling for Columbine is a controversial documentary film written, directed, produced by, and starring Michael Moore. ... Nanook of the North is a silent documentary film by Robert J. Flaherty, released in 1922. ... Final Offer is a Canadian film documenting the 1984 contract negotiations between the United Auto Workers Union (UAW) and GM. Ultimately, it provided a historical record of the birth of the Canadian Auto Workers Union (CAW) as Bob White, then head of the Canadian sector of the UAW, led his...

Comedy

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is noted for political satire such as This Hour Has 22 Minutes, Rick Mercer Report, and Royal Canadian Air Farce. Canadian humour is an integral part of the Canadian Identity. ... The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the countryâ€™s national public radio and television broadcaster. ... This Hour Has 22 Minutes is a weekly Canadian television comedy that airs on CBC Television. ... Rick Mercer Report (or The Mercer Report; formerly known as Rick Mercers Monday Report or Monday Report) is a Canadian television comedy series which airs on CBC Television and the Comedy Network. ... Royal Canadian Air Farce (usually abbreviated to Air Farce) is a Canadian comedy troupe that starred in an eponymous radio show on CBC radio from 1973 to 1997, and currently star in a top-rated television show, broadcast on CBC Television. ...

Canada has produced many eminent national humorists. The Kids in the Hall were a popular Canadian sketch group. Also the Second City Television show originated in the Toronto Second City operation, which produced many comedians that went on to success worldwide, including John Candy, Rick Moranis, Eugene Levy, Dave Thomas, Catherine O'Hara, and others. The team of creators for SCTV, including Lorne Michaels, were later transplanted in New York City to create Saturday Night Live. The Kids in the Hall was a Canadian sketch comedy group, consisting of comedians Dave Foley, Kevin MacDonald, Bruce McCulloch, Mark McKinney and Scott Thompson. ... Second City Television, or SCTV, was a Canadian television sketch comedy show offshoot from the Toronto troupe of The Second City. ... Second City redirects here. ... John Franklin Candy (October 31, 1950 â€“ March 4, 1994) was a Canadian comedian and actor. ... Frederick Alan Rick Moranis (born April 18, 1953) is a Canadian actor, comedian and musician best known for his comedy work on SCTV and featured in several Hollywood films including Ghostbusters, Little Shop of Horrors, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, Spaceballs, and My Blue Heaven. ... Eugene Levy (born 17 December 1946) is a Canadian Emmy and Grammy Award-winning actor, television director, producer and writer. ... See the David Thomas disambiguation page for other people with this name. ... Catherine OHara (born March 4, 1954) is a Canadian/American actress and comedian. ... Lorne Michaels (born Lorne Michael Lipowitz on November 17, 1944) is an Emmy-winning Canadian-born television producer, writer and comedian best known for creating and producing Saturday Night Live and producing the various film and TV projects that spun off from it. ... This article is about the American television series. ...

Other notable Canadian comics and comedy groups include Jim Carrey, Mike Myers, Martin Short, Tom Green, Dan Aykroyd, Leslie Nielsen, CODCO (the precursors to This Hour Has 22 Minutes), Maggie Cassella, and Elvira Kurt. The Just for Laughs Festival in Montreal is the world's largest comedy festival. James Eugene Carrey (born January 17, 1962) is a two-time Golden Globe Award-winning Canadian-American A-list film actor and comedian. ... This article is about the actor. ... Martin Hayter Short, CM (born March 26, 1950) is a Canadian/American comedian, actor, writer, and producer. ... For other persons named Tom Green, see Tom Green (disambiguation). ... Daniel Edward Aykroyd CM (born July 1, 1952) is an Academy Award-nominated and Emmy Award-winning Canadian/American comedian, actor, screenwriter, and musician. ... Leslie William Nielsen OC (born February 11, 1926) is a Canadian born American comedian and actor. ... CODCO was a Newfoundland and Labrador Canadian troupe that aired on CBC from 1988-1992. ... Maggie Cassella is a former lawyer, stand-up comedian, writer and American-Canadian actress who hosts the Canadian talk show television series Because I Said So. ... Image:Elvira kurt. ... Just for Laughs (in French Juste Pour Rire) is a comedy festival held each July in Montreal, Quebec. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region MontrÃ©al Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government - Mayor GÃ©rald Tremblay Area [1][2][3] - City 365. ...

Canadian humour is often described as being not as 'punchline-friendly' as its American counterpart, but not as 'off-the-wall' as its UK counterpart.^{[citation needed]}

Music

Canada has developed its own brands of traditional music, including the French, Irish and Scottish-derived Cape Breton fiddle music of the Maritimes, the Franco-Celtic styles of Quebec that often include foot percussion and a scat style called turlutte, and other national styles from the Ottawa Valley to the west. Noted proponents are Buddy MacMaster and his niece Natalie of Cape Breton, and Madame Bolduc of Quebec, whose recordings in the 1930s lifted her people through depressing times. Canadian music includes pop and folk genres; the latter includes forms derived from England, France (particularly in Quebec), Ireland, Scotland, and various Inuit and Indian ethnic groups. ... For other uses, see Cape Breton. ... This article is about the Canadian region. ... , Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 kmÂ² (595... This is about the river in Canada. ... Hugh Alan Buddy MacMaster, CM , ONS , LL.D (born October 18, 1924) is one of the most renowned artists in the tradition of Cape Breton fiddle music. ... Natalie MacMaster (born 1973) is an award-winning fiddler from the rural community of Troy in Inverness County, Nova Scotia, Canada. ... For other uses, see Cape Breton. ... Mary Rose-Anna Travers, born June 4, 1894 in Newport in the Gaspé region of Quebec, Canada – died February 21, 1941, was a Quebecois singer best known as La Bolduc. ... The 1930s (years from 1930â€“1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ...

The Canadian music industry has been helped by government regulation designed to protect and encourage the growth of distinct Canadian culture. The Canadian Content (CANCON) regulations force all radio stations in Canada to play at least 35% Canadian music. This has enabled Canadian artists to garner success on the airwaves which were once dominated by American and European acts. Now it is common to hear several Canadian songs on the radio every hour you listen.

In the realm of popular music, Canada has produced a variety of internationally successful performers, including (alphabetically): Arcade Fire, Bryan Adams, Paul Anka, Bachman-Turner Overdrive, The Band, Barenaked Ladies, Billy Talent, Paul Brandt, Broken Social Scene, Michael Bublé, Terri Clark, Bruce Cockburn, Leonard Cohen, Stompin' Tom Conners, Cowboy Junkies, Céline Dion, D.O.A., Nelly Furtado, Matthew Good, Glenn Gould, Robert Goulet, Great Big Sea, The Guess Who, Hawk Nelson, Ronnie Hawkins, I Mother Earth, Diana Krall, k.d. Lang, Avril Lavigne, Félix Leclerc, Gordon Lightfoot, Sarah McLachlan, Metric, Joni Mitchell, Alanis Morissette, Anne Murray, Nickelback, Oscar Peterson, Our Lady Peace, Rush, Hank Snow, Steppenwolf, Sum 41, Tegan and Sara, David Clayton Thomas, The Tragically Hip, Trooper, Shania Twain, Gilles Vigneault, Roch Voisine, Rufus Wainwright,Simple Plan and Neil Young. Arcade Fire (often known as The Arcade Fire) is an indie rock band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... Bryan Adams OC, OBC, (born 5 November 1959) is a Canadian rock singer, guitarist, songwriter and photographer. ... Paul Albert Anka, OC (born July 30, 1941, in Ottawa, Ontario) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actor. ... Bachman-Turner Overdrive (BTO) is a Canadian rock group from Winnipeg, Manitoba that enjoyed a string of hit albums and singles in the 1970s. ... For other uses, see Band. ... Barenaked Ladies (often abbreviated BNL or occasionally BnL) is a Canadian alternative rock band currently composed of Jim Creeggan, Kevin Hearn, Steven Page, Ed Robertson, Tyler Stewart, and formerly Andy Creeggan. ... Billy Talent is a Canadian rock band formed in 1993 in Mississauga, Ontario. ... Paul Brandt on the cover of Outside the Frame (1997) Paul Brandt, born July 21, 1972 as Paul Rennee Happy Guy Belobersycky in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is the most awarded male Country singer in Canadian History. ... Broken Social Scene is a Canadian indie rock supergroup, a musical collective currently including nineteen members, formed in 1999 in Toronto, Ontario. ... This article is about the artist. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Leonard Norman Cohen, CC (born September 21, 1934 in Westmount, Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, poet and novelist. ... Stompin Tom Connors OC (born February 9, 1936) can, arguably, be called Canadas Woody Guthrie. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... CÃ©line Marie Claudette Dion OC, OQ, (born March 30, 1968) is a Canadian singer and occasional songwriter and actress. ... D.O.A. is a hardcore punk band from Vancouver. ... Nelly Kim Furtado (born December 2, 1978) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, record producer, and instrumentalist, who also holds Portuguese citizenship. ... Matthew Frederick Robert Good (born June 29, 1971, Burnaby, British Columbia) is a Canadian rock musician. ... Glenn Gould rehearsing in 1974. ... Robert Goulet Robert Gerard Goulet (born November 26, 1933 in Lawrence, Massachusetts) is an American entertainer. ... Great Big Sea (often shortened to GBS) is a Canadian folk-rock band from Newfoundland and Labrador, best known for performing energetic rock interpretations of traditional Newfoundland folk songs including sea shanties, which draw from the islands 500-year-old Irish, English, and French heritage. ... The Guess Who is a Canadian rock band from Winnipeg, Manitoba, that was one of the first to establish a major successful following in their own country while still residing there. ... Hawk Nelson is a pop punk band hailing from Peterborough, Ontario Canada . ... Ronnie Hawkins, born January 10, 1935 in Huntsville, Arkansas, United States, is a pioneering rock and roll musician and cousin to fellow rockabilly pioneer Dale Hawkins. ... I Mother Earth, or IME, is a Canadian alternative rock band consisting of Brian Byrne (vocals), Bruce Gordon (bass), Christian Tanna (drums), and Jagori Tanna (guitar). ... Diana Jean Krall, OC, OBC (born November 16, 1964) is a Grammy award-winning Canadian jazz pianist and singer. ... Kathryn Dawn Lang, OC (born November 2, 1961), best known by the stage name k. ... Avril Ramona Lavigne Whibley[1] (born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian rock singer and musician. ... 1999 Canada Post stamp FÃ©lix Leclerc (August 2, 1914-August 8, 1988) was a QuÃ©bÃ©cois folk singer, poet, writer, actor and political activist. ... Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Jr. ... Sarah Ann McLachlan, OC,[2] OBC[2] (born January 28, 1968) is a Grammy-winning Canadian musician, singer and songwriter. ... Metric is a Canadian rock band. ... Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter. ... Alanis redirects here. ... Not to be confused with Ann Murray. ... This article is about the Canadian rock band. ... Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, CC, CQ, O.Ont. ... Our Lady Peace, abbreviated as OLP, is a Canadian alternative rock band consisting of Raine Maida (vocals), Duncan Coutts (bass), Jeremy Taggart (drums), and Steve Mazur (guitar). ... Rush is a Canadian rock band comprising bassist, keyboardist, and lead vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart. ... Clarence Eugene Snow (May 9, 1914 â€“ December 20, 1999), better known as Hank Snow, was a Hall of Fame country music singer and songwriter. ... It has been suggested that The Sparrows be merged into this article or section. ... Sum 41 is a Canadian Punk rock band from Ajax, Ontario. ... Tegan Rain Quin and Sara Kiersten Quin (born September 19, 1980, identical twins[2]) are Canadian singer-songwriters, performing as Tegan and Sara. ... David Clayton-Thomas (born September 13, 1941 in London (UK) is a musician and singer. ... The Tragically Hip is a Canadian rock band from Kingston, Ontario, consisting of Gordon Downie (lead vocals and occasional acoustic guitar), Paul Langlois (guitar), Rob Baker (guitar), Gord Sinclair (bass) and Johnny Fay (drums). ... Trooper is a Juno Award winning [1].Canadian rock band that developed from a group formed by vocalist Ramon McGuire and guitarist Brian Smith in 1965. ... Shania Twain, OC (born Eilleen Regina Edwards, August 28, 1965, Windsor, Ontario) is a Canadian singer and songwriter in the country and pop music genres. ... Gilles Vigneault (born 27 October 1928) is a poet, publisher and singer-songwriter from Quebec, and well-known Quebec nationalist and sovereigntist. ... Roch Armand Joseph Voisine, O.C. (born 26 March 1963 in Edmundston, New Brunswick) is an Acadian-QuÃ©bÃ©cois singer-songwriter, actor, and radio and TV host who lives in Montreal, Quebec, when he is not performing in Las Vegas, Nevada. ... Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright (born July 22, 1973) is a Canadian-American singer-songwriter. ... Simple Plan is a pop-punk band from Montreal, Quebec, Canadaâ€”all five members are French-Canadians who were born in the province of Quebec. ... This article is about the musician. ...

Although often overshadowed by the success of Canada's popular musicians, Canada has also produced many notable composers who have contributed in a variety of ways to the history of western classical music.

Symbols

Official symbols of Canada include the maple leaf, beaver, and the Canadian Horse [4][5]. Many official symbols of the country such as the Flag of Canada have been changed or modified over the past few decades in order to 'Canadianize' them and de-emphasise or remove references to the United Kingdom. Symbols of the monarchy in Canada continue to be featured in, for example, the Coat of Arms of Canada and armed forces Her Majesty's Canadian Ship. The designation 'Royal' remains for institutions as varied as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, though with the 1968 unification of the three armed forces into the Canadian Forces, the Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Navy ceased to exist. However, certain Canadian Forces Land Force Command (army) units carry "Royal" titles, Canadian Forces Maritime Command vessels are still styled "HMCS" and Canadian Forces Air Command squadrons still use a Royal Air Force-derived badge surmounted by the Queen's Crown as their official crests. The maple leaf is the characteristic leaf of the maple tree, and is an important national symbol of Canada. ... A maple leaf with its distinctive shape. ... Binomial name Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820 A taxidermied American Beaver The American Beaver (Castor canadensis) is a large semi-aquatic rodent native to Canada, most of the United States and parts of northern Mexico. ... The Canadian Horse is a breed of horse developed in Canada. ... The National Flag of Canada, popularly known as the Maple Leaf and lUnifoliÃ© (French for the one-leafed), is a base red flag with a white square in its centre featuring a stylized, 11-pointed, red maple leaf. ... This article is about the monarchy of Canada, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. For information about other Commonwealth realm monarchies, as well as other relevant articles, see Commonwealth realm... Coat of Arms of Canada (since 1994) The Coat of Arms of Canada, formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, is the official coat of arms of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity... Her Majestys Canadian Ship (HMCS) is the English designation of any Canadian warship, as well as many major Canadian naval bases such as HMCS Discovery and all Sea Cadet Summer Training Centers like HMCS Quadra. ... For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... RCMP redirects here. ... The Royal Winnipeg Ballet, based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, is Canadas oldest ballet company and the longest continuously operating ballet company in North America. ... The Canadian Forces (French: Forces canadiennes), abbreviated as CF (French: FC), are the unified armed forces of Canada. ... â€œRCAFâ€ redirects here. ... For history after 1968, see Canadian Forces Maritime Command The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) was the navy of Canada from 1911 until 1968 when the three Canadian armed services were unified to form the Canadian Forces. ... Land Force Command (LFC) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces. ... HMCS Bastion, flagship of the Canadian Navy. ... Canadian Forces Air Command (AIRCOM) is the air force element of the Canadian Forces. ...

See also

Cultural protectionism in Canada has, since the mid 20th century, taken the form of conscious, interventionist attempts on the part of various Canadian governments to promote Canadian cultural production and limit the effect of foreign, largely American, culture on the domestic audience. ... The culture of Quebec is a Western culture that is rooted in the history and society of the French-speaking majority. ...

References

The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is a Canadian public filmmaking organization established to produce and distribute films that inform Canadians and promote Canada around the world. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Categories: Articles needing additional references | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | Articles with unsourced statements | Canadian culture Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This is a list of Canada-related topics. ... Canada is a country of 32 million inhabitants that occupies the northern portion of the North American continent, and is the worlds second largest country in area. ... This is a brief timeline of the history of Canada. ... Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien RÃ©gime in France - Royal Control 1655 - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760 - Treaty... // Main article: Province of Quebec (1763-1791) In North America, Seven Years War officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763. ... // Confederation Main article: Canadian Confederation Fathers of Confederation meet in Quebec City In the 1860s, in the wake of the American Civil War, the British were concerned with possible American reprisals against Canada for Britains tacit support of the Confederacy. ... A Canadian WWI recruiting poster // World War I Main article: Military History of Canada during WWI On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated, setting off a chain of events leading to World War I. By August 4, Britain had declared war on Germany and, as... // The Second World War brought many changes to Canada; the government was necessarily more centralized during the war, and it remained so afterwards. ... // Main article: Great Flag Debate Diefenbaker was succeeded by Pearson in 1963, at a time of increasing political unrest in much of the Western world. ... // The New constitution Main article: Patriation In 1982 Britain passed the Canada Act, repatriating the Constitution of Canada. ... // Chretien years and the 1995 referendum Jean ChrÃ©tien became prime minister in the 1993 election, pledging to repeal the GST, which proved to be unfeasible due to the economic circumstances at the time. ... Canadian soldiers advancing behind a tank at the Battle of Vimy Ridge, one of Canadas greatest military victories. ... Canadian historians until the 1960s tended to focus on economic history, including labour history. ... The constitutional history of Canada begins with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, in which France ceded most of New France to Great Britain. ... Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth Realm (see Monarchy in Canada) with a federal system of parliamentary government, and strong democratic traditions. ... The Canadian legal system has its foundation in the British common law system, inherited from being a part of the Commonwealth. ... This article is about the monarchy of Canada, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. For information about other Commonwealth realm monarchies, as well as other relevant articles, see Commonwealth realm... The Governor General of Canada (French (feminine): Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or (masculine) Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the vice-regal representative in Canada of the Canadian monarch, who is the head of state; Canada is one of sixteen Commonwealth realms, all of which share the... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Senate Chamber of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. ... The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the Minister of the Crown who is head of the Government of Canada. ... This is a list of Prime Ministers of Canada since Confederation. ... The Parliament of Canada (French: Parlement du Canada) has two chambers. ... The Court system of Canada is made up of many courts differing in levels of legal superiority and separated by jurisdiction. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprÃªme du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... // Canadian provinces and territories are normally grouped into the following regions (generally from west to east): Northern Canada (The North) Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut Western Canada British Columbia Prairies Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Eastern Canada Central Canada Ontario Quebec Atlantic Canada Maritimes New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia Newfoundland and... The Coast Mountains are the westernmost range of the Pacific Cordillera, running along the south western shore of the North American continent, extending south from the Alaska Panhandle and covering most of coastal British Columbia. ... The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains range. ... Map of the Canadian Prairie provinces, which include boreal forests, taiga, and mountains as well as the prairies (proper). ... This article is about the region in Canada. ... Northern Canada, defined politically Northern Canada is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics. ... Canadian Shield The Canadian Shieldâ€” also called the Precambrian Shield, Laurentian Shield, Bouclier Canadien (French), or Laurentian Plateauâ€” is a large shield covered by a thin layer of soil that forms the nucleus of the North American craton. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... Central Canada, defined politically. ... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Appalachians in North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains (French: les Appalaches) are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ... Mount Asgard in July 2001 Mount Thor in 1997 The Arctic Cordillera is a mountainous region in Canadas far north. ... The four Canadian Atlantic provinces. ... This article is about the Canadian region. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This is a list of incorporated cities of Canada in alphabetical order by province. ... This is a list of the extreme communities in Canada. ... Mount Logan in the Yukon is the highest peak of Canada. ... The Canadian National Parks system encompasses over forty protected areas, including National Parks, National Park Reserves and National Marine Conservation Areas. ... The flora of Canada is quite diverse, due to the wide range of ecoregions and environmental conditions present in Canada. ... // Canadian provinces and territories are normally grouped into the following regions (generally from west to east): Northern Canada (The North) Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut Western Canada British Columbia Prairies Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Eastern Canada Central Canada Ontario Quebec Atlantic Canada Maritimes New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia Newfoundland and... The list of rivers in Canada is organized by drainage basin (new format) and province (old format to be removed). ... The north face of Mount Garibaldi rises above The Table and Garibaldi Lake Black Tusk viewed from the southeast Mount Fee as seen from its north side Mount Edziza in the Stikine Volcanic Belt as seen from the Stewart-Cassiar Highway Mount Garibaldi in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt as seen... Banking in Canada is one of the most efficient and safest banking systems in the world. ... For the defunct commercial bank, see Bank of Canada (commercial). ... â€œC$â€ redirects here. ... This is a list of companies from Canada. ... Canadas health care system is a publicly funded health care system, with most services provided by private entities. ... Demographics of Canada, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ... The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. ... The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. ... A list of population of Canada by years 1867 - 3,463,000 1868 - 3,511,000 1869 - 3,565,000 1870 - 3,625,000 1871 - 3,689,000 1872 - 3,754,000 1873 - 3,826,000 1874 - 3,895,000 1875 - 3,954,000 1876 - 4,009,000 1877 - 4... The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2001 Census[1] and the Canada 2006 Census. ... The urban areas identified below are defined by Statistics Canada with reference to continuous population density, ignoring municipal boundaries. ... The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for census subdivisions. ... The Gothic Revival Parliament Buildings are some of Canadas best known structures The architecture of Canada is, with the exception of that of the First Nations, closely linked to the techniques and styles developed in Europe and the United States. ... The following is a list of some important Canadian artists and groups of artists: Individuals Ran Andrews, 1956-, painter Robert Bateman, 1930-, painter Emily Carr, 1871-1945, painter Alex Colville, 1920-, painter Ken Danby, 1940-, painter Charles Daudelin, 1920-2001, sculptor and painter Paterson Ewen, 1925-2002, painter Marcelle Ferron... This is a list of well-known Canadians. ... Canadian national holidays (with provincial exceptions): Each province of Canada has its own provincial holiday or holidays. ... Skating on the Rideau Canal in Ottawa. ... Canadian literature may be divided into two parts, based on their separate roots: one stems from the culture and literature from France; the other from Britain. ... Canadian music includes pop and folk genres; the latter includes forms derived from England, France (particularly in Quebec), Ireland, Scotland, and various Inuit and Indian ethnic groups. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Celtic music is primarily associated with the folk traditions of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as the popular styles derived from folk culture. ... The term classical music in this article refers to the western or European classical music tradition. ... Canadian hip hop developed much more slowly than the rock music scene. ... Canada has been a source of rock and roll music for decades, beginning with Paul Anka who in 1957 went to New York City where he recorded his own composition, Diana. The song brought him instant stardom and went to No. ... The Flag of Canada Canadian nationalism is a loose term which has been applied to ideologies of several different types which highlight and promote specifically Canadian interests over those of other countries, notably the United States. ... Cultural protectionism in Canada has, since the mid 20th century, taken the form of conscious, interventionist attempts on the part of various Canadian governments to promote Canadian cultural production and limit the effect of foreign, largely American, culture on the domestic audience. ... Social programs in Canada include all government programs designed to give assistance to citizens outside of what the market provides. ... The contemporary theatre scene in Canada revolves around companies and summer festivals based at facilities in Canadian cities. ... Coat of Arms of Canada (since 1994) The Coat of Arms of Canada, formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, is the official coat of arms of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity... This is a list of flags used in Canada. ... The National Flag of Canada, popularly known as the Maple Leaf and lUnifoliÃ© (French for the one-leafed), is a base red flag with a white square in its centre featuring a stylized, 11-pointed, red maple leaf. ... This is a list of the symbols of Canadian provinces and territories. ... There are many symbols reflecting Canadas status as a constitutional monarchy, including those of the Monarch, or the vice-regal representatives. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... La Vega Carnaval in the Independence Month. ... El Salvador is a Central American nation of 6. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... The Culture of Trinidad and Tobago reflects the influence of African, Indian, French, Amerindian, Chinese, British, Spanish, Portuguese, Venezuelan, Caribbean, and American culture. ... American cultural icons, apple pie, baseball, and the American flag. ... Download high resolution version (675x894, 685 KB)From http://cia. ... A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... Types of administrative and/or political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... La escuela del Maestro Cordero by Puerto Rican artist Francisco Oller. ... This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

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Development of Canadian culture GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");