It has been suggested that Ossi (East Germans) be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

It has been suggested that Wessi be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a significant German poet

This article deals with the Culture of Germany as a political state within Europe; for a review of the culture of the German-speaking world, see Culture of German-speaking Europe.

Germany is often known as das Land der Dichter und Denker (the land of poets and thinkers).^[1] German culture began long before the rise of Germany as a nation-state and spanned the entire German speaking world. Image File history File links Mergefrom. ... Ossi is an informal name for citizens of the (former) German Democratic Republic (East Germany), especially since reunification. ... Image File history File links Mergefrom. ... Wessi is the informal name that people in Germany call citizens of West Germany before re-unification. ... Download high resolution version (496x676, 465 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Germany Goethe-Institut German culture ... Download high resolution version (496x676, 465 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Germany Goethe-Institut German culture ... “Goethe” redirects here. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The term nation-state, while often used interchangeably with the terms unitary state and independent state, refers properly to the parallel occurence of a state and a nation. ... German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. ...

Literature

Main article: German literature

Walk of Ideas, Berlin, a sculpture honoring Johannes Gutenberg and some of Germany's most influential writers

German literature can be traced back to the Middle Ages, with the most notable authors of the period being Walther von der Vogelweide and Wolfram von Eschenbach. The Nibelungenlied, whose author remains unknown, is also an important work of the epoch, as is the Thidrekssaga. The fairy tales collections published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm became famous throughout the world. Theologian Luther, who translated the Bible into German, is widely credited for having set the basis for modern "High German" language. Among the most admired German poets and authors are Lessing, Goethe, Schiller, Kleist, Hoffmann, Brecht and Schmidt. Four 20th century authors have won the Nobel Prize in literature: Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Heinrich Böll and Günter Grass. German literature comprises those literary texts originating within Germany proper and written in the German language. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (540x720, 67 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Book Friedrich Schiller Talk:Book Walk of Ideas Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (540x720, 67 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Book Friedrich Schiller Talk:Book Walk of Ideas Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the... The Walk of Ideas is a set of six sculptures made for the 2006 FIFA World Cup football event at Berlin in Germany. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... This article is about the inventor of printing in Europe; for other uses, see Guttenberg (disambiguation) and Gutenberg. ... Portrait of Walther von der Vogelweide. ... Portrait of Wolfram from the Codex Manesse. ... The Nibelungenlied, translated as The Song of the Nibelungs, is an epic poem in Middle High German. ... Thidreks saga (also Thidreksaga, Thidrekssaga, Niflungasaga) is a saga of the adventures of the hero Dietrich von Bern, believed to be based on the historical Theodoric the Great, and written down about 1250. ... For information about the other uses of the name, see Brothers Grimm (disambiguation). ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (22 January 1729 – 15 February 1781), writer, philosopher, publicist, and art critic, was one of the most outstanding German representatives of the Enlightenment era. ... “Goethe” redirects here. ... Friedrich Schiller “Schiller” redirects here. ... Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist (October 18, 1777 – November 21, 1811) was a German poet, dramatist and novelist. ... ETA Hoffman Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (January 24, 1776 - June 25, 1822), was a German romantic and fantasy author and composer. ... Brecht redirects here. ... Arno Schmidts house in Bargfeld. ... Nobel Prize in Literature medal. ... Paul Thomas Mann (June 6, 1875 – August 12, 1955) was a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. ... Hermann Hesse (pronounced ) (2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a Swiss-German poet, novelist, and painter. ... A monument of Heinrich Böll in Berlin Heinrich Theodor Böll (December 21, 1917 – July 16, 1985) was one of Germanys foremost post-World War II writers. ... Günter Wilhelm Grass (born October 16, 1927) is a Nobel Prize-winning German author. ...

Philosophy and the history of ideas

Main article: German philosophy

German philosopher Immanuel Kant

Germany's influence on philosophy is historically significant and pie notable German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Marx and Engels developed communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Nietzsche, Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Habermas, Horkheimer, Adorno (three central figures in the Frankfurt School), Tönnies, Simmel, Weber, and Luhmann. The Humboldt University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern Western universities. German philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in German language, has been extremely diverse, and central to both the analytic and continental traditions in philosophy for centuries, from Leibniz through Kant and Hegel to contemporary philosophers such as Jürgen Habermas. ... Image File history File links Immanuel_Kant_(painted_portrait). ... Image File history File links Immanuel_Kant_(painted_portrait). ... “Kant” redirects here. ... German philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in German language, has been extremely diverse, and central to both the analytic and continental traditions in philosophy for centuries, from Leibniz through Kant and Hegel to contemporary philosophers such as Jürgen Habermas. ... This is a list of German-language philosophers. ... Western philosophy is a modern claim that there is a line of related philosophical thinking, beginning in ancient Greece (Greek philosophy) and the ancient Near East (the Abrahamic religions), that continues to this day. ... Albertus Magnus (b. ... “Leibniz” redirects here. ... “Kant” redirects here. ... The history of philosophy is the study of philosophical ideas and concepts through time. ... Kantianism is the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher born in Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia). ... Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788 – September 21, 1860) was a German philosopher. ... German idealism was a philosophical movement in Germany in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. ... Johann Gottlieb Fichte (May 19, 1762 – January 27, 1814) was a German philosopher. ... Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (IPA: ) (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and, with Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, one of the representatives of German idealism. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a 19th century philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... Friedrich Engels (November 28, 1820 – August 5, 1895) was a German social scientist and philosopher, who developed communist theory alongside his better-known collaborator, Karl Marx, co-authoring The Communist Manifesto (1848). ... This article is about communism as a form of society, as an ideology advocating that form of society, and as a popular movement. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) (IPA: ) was a 19th-century German philosopher. ... Martin Heidegger (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976) (pronounced ) was a highly influential German philosopher. ... Hans-Georg Gadamer Hans-Georg Gadamer (February 11, 1900 – March 13, 2002) was a German philosopher best known for his 1960 magnum opus, Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode). ... Sociology (from Latin: socius, companion; and the suffix -ology, the study of, from Greek λόγος, lógos, knowledge) is an academic and applied discipline that studies society and human social interaction. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Max Horkheimer (front left), Theodor Adorno (front right), and Jürgen Habermas in the background, right, in 1965 at Heidelberg Max Horkheimer (February 14, 1895 – July 7, 1973) was a Jewish-German philosopher and sociologist, known especially as the founder and guiding thinker of the Frankfurt School of critical theory. ... Max Horkheimer (front left), Theodor Adorno (front right), and Jürgen Habermas in the background, right, in 1965 at Heidelberg. ... Max Horkheimer (front left), Theodor Adorno (front right), and Jürgen Habermas in the background, right, in 1965 at Heidelberg The Frankfurt School is a school of neo-Marxist social theory (which is more akin to anarchism than communism), social research, and philosophy. ... Ferdinand Tönnies (July 26, 1855, near Oldenswort (Eiderstedt) - April 9, 1936, Kiel, Germany) was a German sociologist. ... Georg Simmel Georg Simmel (March 1, 1858 – September 28, 1918, Berlin, Germany) was one of the first generation of German sociologists. ... For the politician, see Max Weber (politician). ... Niklas Luhmann (December 8, 1927 - November 6, 1998) was a German sociologist, administration expert, and social systems theorist, as well as one the most prominent modern day thinkers in the sociological systems theory. ... Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (German Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) is Berlins oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin (Universität zu Berlin) by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt whose university model has strongly influenced... Wilhelm von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand Freiherr von Humboldt (June 22, 1767 - April 8, 1835), government functionary, foreign diplomat, philosopher, founder of Humboldt Universität in Berlin, friend of Goethe and especially of Schiller, is especially remembered as a German linguist who introduced a knowledge of the Basque...

Music

Main article: Music of Germany

Ludwig van Beethoven was an influential German composer and pianist

In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classic composers of the world including Bach, and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of international fame include Handel, Telemann, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Brahms, Schumann, Wagner, Strauss and Orff. Forms of German-language music include Neue Deutsche Welle (NDW), Krautrock, Hamburger Schule, Volksmusik, German hip hop, Schlager and multiple varieties of folk music. ... Image File history File links Beethoven_3. ... Image File history File links Beethoven_3. ... “Beethoven” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... “Bach” redirects here. ... “Beethoven” redirects here. ... The Classical period in Western music occurred from about 1730 through 1820, despite considerable overlap at both ends with preceding and following periods, as is true for all musical eras. ... The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ... “Handel” redirects here. ... Georg Philipp Telemann. ... Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and known generally as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3, 1809 – November 4, 1847) was a German composer and conductor of the early Romantic period. ... Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (May 7, 1833 – April 3, 1897) was a German composer of the Romantic period. ... For others with the same name see Robert Schumann (disambiguation). ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ... This article is about the German composer of tone-poems and operas. ... Carl Orff Carl Orff (July 10, 1895 – March 29, 1982) was a 20th-century German composer, most famous for Carmina Burana (1937). ...

As of 2006, Germany is the fifth largest music market in the world^[2] and has exerted a strong influence on Pop and Rock music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Modern Talking, and Peter Schilling have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music.^[3] Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annualy. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. For popular forms of music in general, see Popular music. ... For other uses, see Rock music (disambiguation). ... The title of this article contains the character ö. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Herbert Groenemeyer. ... Nena (born March 24, 1960 in Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German singer who became famous with the New German Wave song 99 Luftballons (99 Red Balloons in the English version). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Modern Talking was a German pop music duo consisting of composer/producer/background singer Dieter Bohlen and singer Thomas Anders. ... Peter Schilling (born Pierre Michael Schilling on January 28, 1956, Stuttgart, Germany) is a German synthpop musician whose songs often feature science-fiction themes (aliens, astronauts, nuclear holocausts, etc. ... Tangerine Dream is a German electronic music group founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. ... Kraftwerk (pronounced [], German for power station) is a German musical group from Düsseldorf that has made key contributions to the development of improvisational rock and electronic music, most notably within the latter categorys sub-genres which later became known as synthpop, electro, techno, house and IDM. Early musical... For other uses, see Electronic music (disambiguation). ... A music festival is a festival that presents a number of musical performances usually tied together through a theme or genre. ... Rock am Ring (Rock at the Ring) is a rock music festival held annually in Germany at the Nürburgring racetrack. ...

Cinema

Main article: Cinema of Germany

The shadow of the vampire, from F. W. Murnau's Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens

German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni Riefenstahl still introduced new aesthetics in film. From the 1960s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder placed West-German cinema back onto the international stage with their often provocative films, while the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft controlled film production in the GDR. More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2007 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to F.H. von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film festivals.^[4] Cinema in Germany can be traced back to the very beginnings of the medium at the end of the 19th Century and German cinema has made major technical and artistic contributions to film. ... Image File history File links Screenshot from the 1922 film Nosferatu -- Public domain both by date and the fact tht the original work was deemed too derivative of the copyright on Dracula and was ordered destroyed. ... Image File history File links Screenshot from the 1922 film Nosferatu -- Public domain both by date and the fact tht the original work was deemed too derivative of the copyright on Dracula and was ordered destroyed. ... F. W. Murnau. ... Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens (Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror) is a German Expressionist film by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, starring Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok. ... Max Skladanowsky (born April 30, 1863, died November 30, 1939) was a German inventor and early filmmaker. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Robert Wiene (born April 27, 1873 in Breslau; died 17 July 1938 in Paris) was a German film director. ... F. W. Murnau. ... Helene Bertha Amalie Leni Riefenstahl (August 22, 1902 – September 8, 2003) was a German film director, dancer and actress, and widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. ... New German cinema is a period in German cinema which lasted from the late 1960s into the 1980s. ... Volker Schlondorff Volker Schlöndorff (born in Wiesbaden, Germany on March 31, 1939) is a Berlin-based German filmmaker. ... Werner Herzog (born Werner Stipetić on September 5, 1942) is a critically and internationally acclaimed German film director, screenwriter, actor, and opera director. ... Ernst Wilhelm (Wim) Wenders (born August 14, 1945) is a German film director, photographer, and producer. ... Rainer Werner Fassbinder (May 31, 1945 – June 10, 1982) was a German movie director, screenwriter and actor, one of the most important representatives of the New German Cinema. ... Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft, better known as DEFA, was the state film monopoly in the German Democratic Republic throughout that countrys history. ... Das Boot (IPA pronunciation: /das boːt/, German for The Boat) is a 1981 feature film directed by Wolfgang Petersen, adapted from a novel of the same name by Lothar-Günther Buchheim. ... Run Lola Run (original German title Lola rennt, which translates to Lola Runs) is a 1998 film by German screenwriter and director Tom Tykwer, starring Franka Potente as Lola. ... DVD cover to Das Experiment; same image as movie poster. ... Good Bye, Lenin! is a German tragicomedy film, released internationally in 2003. ... Head On is also a 1998 film; see Head On (film). ... Der Untergang (2004; international English title Downfall) is a German film depicting the final days of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in 1945. ... The Lives of Others (original title in German: Das Leben der Anderen) is an Academy Award-winning German film, marking the feature film debut of writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck. ... The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the most important film festivals in Europe and the world. ...

Fine arts and decorative arts

The Bauhaus building in Dessau (Walter Gropius, 1925)

Important German Renaissance painters include Albrecht Altdorfer, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Matthias Grünewald, Hans Holbein the Younger and the well-known Albrecht Dürer. The most important Baroque artists from Germany are Cosmas Damian Asam, as well as the Siegen born Peter Paul Rubens. Further artists are the romantic Caspar David Friedrich, the surrealist Max Ernst, the conceptualist Joseph Beuys or the neo-expressionist Georg Baselitz. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 724 KB) Bauhaus Dessau 2005 main building from the south own photograph 2005. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 724 KB) Bauhaus Dessau 2005 main building from the south own photograph 2005. ... Typography by Herbert Bayer above the entrance to the workshop block of the Bauhaus, Dessau, 2005. ... Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. ... Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of Bauhaus. ... The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ... The Battle of Alexander (1529) Wood, 158,4 x 120,3 cm Alte Pinakothek, Munich Albrecht Altdorfer (c. ... A self portrait Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472 – October 16, 1553) was a German painter. ... The Crucifixion, central panel of the Isenheim Altarpiece Matthias Grünewald (1470-1528) is a highly regarded figure from the German Renaissance. ... A 1543 portrait miniature of Hans Holbein the Younger by Lucas Horenbout Holbeins 1533 painting The Ambassadors Hans Holbein the Younger (c. ... Albrecht Dürer (pronounced /al. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... Cosmas Damian Asam (September 29, 1686-May 10, 1739) was a painter and architect from Bavaria known for the Rococo style. ... Siegen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Peter Paul Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) was a prolific seventeenth-century Flemish and European painter, and a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. ... Romantics redirects here. ... Self-portrait in chalk, 1810 by fellow artist Georg Friedrich Kersting, 1812 Caspar David Friedrich (September 5, 1774 – May 7, 1840) was a 19th century German romantic painter, considered by many critics to be one of the finest representatives of the movement. ... Max Ernst. ... Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning in 1948. ... Conceptualism is a doctrine in philosophy intermediate between nominalism and realism, that universals exist only within the mind and have no external or substantial reality. ... Joseph Beuys (May 12, 1921 – January 23, 1986) was an influential German artist who came to prominence in the 1960s. ... Neo-expressionism was a style of modern painting that emerged in the late 1970s and dominated the art market until the mid-1980s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Architectural contributions from Germany include the Carolingian and Ottonian styles, important precursors of Romanesque. The region then produced significant works in styles such as the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. The nation was particularly important in the early modern movement through the Deutscher Werkbund and the Bauhaus movement identified with Walter Gropius. The Nazis closed these movements and favoured a type of neo-classicism. Since World War II, further important modern and post-modern structures have been built, particularly since the reunification of Berlin. This article is about building architecture. ... Lorsch monastery gatehouse The Palatine Chapel in Aachen Carolingian architecture is the style of North European architecture promoted by Charlemagne, King of the Franks, who was crowned Imperator Augustus in Rome on Christmas Day, 800 by Pope Leo III. The period of architecture spans the late 8th and 9th centuries... Ottonian Architecture evolved during the reign of Emperor Otto the Great (936-975). ... South transept of Tournai Cathedral, Belgium, 12th century. ... Interior of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... Tempietto di San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, 1502, by Bramante. ... Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical, theatrical, sculptural fashion, expressing the triumph of absolutist church and state. ... Modern architecture, not to be confused with contemporary architecture, is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. ... The Deutscher Werkbund (German Work Federation) was a German association of architects, designers and industrialists, an important precursor to the Bauhaus. ... Typography by Herbert Bayer above the entrance to the workshop block of the Bauhaus, Dessau, 2005. ... Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of Bauhaus. ... Germany pavilion at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in Paris, 1937. ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ...

Religious tradition

Main article: Religion in Germany

Portrait of Martin Luther

The German government has limited responsibilities for culture, which is devolved to the states of Germany, called Länder. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Image File history File links Martin_Luther_3. ... Image File history File links Martin_Luther_3. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... Germany is a Federal Republic made up of 16 States, known in German as Länder (singular Land). ...

64.3 percent of the German population belongs to Christian denominations. 31.4 percent are Roman Catholic and 30.8 percent are affiliated to the protestant Evangelical Church in Germany^[5] (the figures are known accurately because Germany imposes a church tax on those who disclose a religious affiliation). The North and East is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states^[6]. Germany formed a substantial part of the Roman Catholic Holy Roman Empire, but was also the source of Protestant reformers such as Martin Luther. Historically, Germany had a substantial Jewish population. Only a few thousand people of Jewish origin remained in Germany after the Holocaust, but the German Jewish community now has approximately 100,000 members, many from the former Soviet Union. Germany also has a substantial Muslim minority, most of whom are from Turkey. Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... The Roman Catholic Church in Germany is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome. ... Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... Church tax is a tax imposed on members of some religious congregations in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Austria and some parts of Switzerland. ... “Catholic Church” redirects here. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ... “Reformation” redirects here. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... German Jews have lived in Germany for over 1700 years, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of anti-Semitic violence, culminating in the Holocaust and the near-destruction of the Jewish community in Germany and much of Europe. ... “Shoah” redirects here. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...

German theologians include Luther, Schleiermacher, Feuerbach, and Rudolf Otto. Also Germany brought up many mystics including Meister Eckhart and Rudolf Steiner. Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (November 21, 1768 - February 12, 1834) was a theologian and philosopher. ... Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (July 28, 1804 - September 13, 1872), German philosopher, fourth son of the eminent jurist Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, was born in Landshut, Bavaria and died in Rechenberg (since 1899 a district of Nuremberg). ... Rudolf Otto (September 25, 1869 - 6 March 1937) was an eminent German protestant theologian and scholar of comparative religion. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Meister Eckhart portal of the Erfurt Church. ... Rudolf Steiner. ...

Academic landmarks

The Semperoper Saxon State Opera House

Germany is home to some of the finest academic centers in Europe. Some famous Universities include those of both Munich and Berlin, University of Tübingen, University of Göttingen, University of Marburg, University of Berlin, Heidelberg University, Mining Academy Freiberg and Freiburg University, among many others. The picture was made by myself, the source is Elbflorenz. ... The picture was made by myself, the source is Elbflorenz. ... Semper Oper in Dresden The Semper Oper (German: Semperoper) or Saxon State Opera Dresden (Sächsische Staatsoper Dresden) is an opera house in Dresden, Germany, and is one of the most famous in the world. ... Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen (German: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen) is a state-supported university located on the Neckar river, in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. ... University of Marburg - Department of Social Sciences and University library The old university The University of Marburg (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg Philips University, Marburg), was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse (usually called the Magnanimous, although the updated meaning haughty is sometimes given) as the... There is no institution called the University of Berlin, but there are four universities in Berlin, Germany: Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) Technical University of Berlin (Technische Universität Berlin) Free University of Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin) Berlin University of the Arts (Universität der... The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (German Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; also known as simply University of Heidelberg) was established in the town of Heidelberg in the Rhineland in 1386. ... The Freiberg University of Mining and Technology (German: Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, short TUBAF) is a small German university with about 4000 students in the city of Freiberg, Saxony. ... Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg (German Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg ) was founded 1457 in Freiburg by the Habsburgs. ...

Since about 1970, Germany has once again had a thriving popular culture, now increasingly being led by its new-old capital Berlin and the city of Hamburg, and a self-confident music and art scene. Germany is also very well known for its many renowned opera houses, such as The Semperoper, The Komische Oper Berlin and The Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz. Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... This article is about the city in Germany. ... New York State Theater, Lincoln Center, home of the New York City Opera Bolshoi Theatre. ... Semper Oper in Dresden The Semper Oper (German: Semperoper) or Saxon State Opera Dresden (Sächsische Staatsoper Dresden) is an opera house in Dresden, Germany, and is one of the most famous in the world. ... The Komische Oper Berlin is an opera company in Berlin, Germany, which specializes in German-language productions of opera, operetta and musicals. ... Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz (The State Theatre on the Gärtnerplatz) is an opera house and opera company in Munich. ...

Cuisine

Main article: German cuisine

Berliners are a typical German pastry

German cuisine varies from region to region, but concentrates on meat (especially sausage) and varieties of sweet dessert and cakes (such as Black Forest gateau Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte) and Stollen (a fruit cake). Germans also are famous for rye bread. Germany also produces a large quantity of beer, and (mostly white) wine, particularly Riesling, but also Müller-Thurgau and other varieties. German Cuisine varies greatly from region to region. ... Image File history File links Berliner_(pastry). ... Image File history File links Berliner_(pastry). ... This article is about the prepared meat. ... Black Forest gateau Black Forest gateau (also commonly called Black Forest cake in Canada, the USA and Australia) is the English name for the southern German dessert Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte (literally Black Forest cherry cake). It originated in the Black Forest region of southern Germany, but it is a popular... A stollen can be given as a gift. ... Fruitcake is a heavy cake made of dried or candied fruits and nuts that are soaked in brandy or rum, often used in the celebration of weddings and Christmas. ... For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ... Riesling is a white grape variety and varietal appellation of wines grown historically in Germany (see German wine), Alsace (France), Austria, and northern Italy. ... Müller-Thurgau is a variety of white grape (sp. ...

German cuisine is very similar to English and American cuisine and also to the cooking styles of its immediate neighbors (Holland, France, Austria, Poland). Although sausage is the most famous food product from Germany, one could not gain much understanding of German cuisine by reducing it to sausage. In Germany it is mostly consumed as a snack (Bratwurst), at barbecues and it also appears in a few dishes. A stereotypical German dish contains a type of meat (typically pork, beef or poultry), a type of potatoes (mashed, fried, as dumplings or boiled) and a type of vegetable (typically peas, carrots or cabbage) and sauce. The "home cuisine" differs very much from the "restaurant cuisine". In restaurants you will find more traditional dishes. Cuisine differs also greatly according to regions (in the north you eat fish, in the Rhine region you replace beer with wine, in Bavaria you eat roasted pork) and season (in spring you eat white asparagus with ham and sauce hollandaise, in fall you eat green cabbage with a special kind of sausage and mustard and in winter/for Christmas you eat duck or goose with red cabbage, dumplings and brown gravy).

Sport

Main article: Sport in Germany

Opened in 2005: the Allianz Arena, one of the world's most modern football stadiums.

Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually.^[7] Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fussballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country.^[7] It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television. The other two most popular sports in Germany are marksmanship and tennis represented by the German Marksmen’s Federation and the German Tennis Federation respectively, both including more than a million members. Other popular sports include handball, volleyball, basketball, and ice hockey.^[7] Germany has historically been one of the strongest contenders in the Olympic Games. In the 2004 Summer Olympics, Germany finished sixth overall,^[8] whereas in the 2006 Winter Olympics Germany finished first.^[9] Germany is a leading sporting nation which has had success in a wide range of sports. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (1051 × 701 pixel, file size: 201 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Herzog & de Meuron Culture of Germany... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (1051 × 701 pixel, file size: 201 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Herzog & de Meuron Culture of Germany... Allianz Arena The Allianz Arena is a football stadium located in the north-Munich district of Fröttmaning. ... A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... The Bundesliga is the highest level of Germanys football league system. ... The shooting sports include those competitive sports involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed) using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns (see Archery for more information on shooting sports that make use of bows and arrows). ... For other uses, see Tennis (disambiguation). ... Handball is the name of several different sports: Team handball, or Olympic/European Handball is a game somewhat similar to association football, but the ball is played with the hand, not the foot. ... Volleyball is an Olympic sport in which two teams separated by a high net use their hands, arms or (rarely) other parts of their bodies to hit a ball back and forth over the net. ... This article is about the sport. ... Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... The ceremony for the lighting of the flame is arranged as a pagan pageant, with priestesses dancing. ... Neve and Gliz, the 2006 Olympics mascots, on display in Turin The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were celebrated in Turin, Italy from February 10, 2006, through February 26, 2006. ...

See also

• Bundesliga
• German wine
• German literature
• Goethe-Institut
• List of Germans
• Music of Germany
• Public holidays: German Unity Day
• Science and technology in Germany
• Architecture of Germany

The Bundesliga is the highest level of Germanys football league system. ... German wine from Franken in the characteristic round bottles (Bocksbeutel) German wine is produced in many parts of Germany, and due to the northerly location have produced wines quite unlike any others in Europe, many of outstanding quality. ... German literature comprises those literary texts originating within Germany proper and written in the German language. ... Goethe in der Campagna The Goethe-Institut (GI) is a German non-profit organisation whose mission is to promote German language and culture outside of the German-speaking countries. ... This is a list of famous Germans. ... Forms of German-language music include Neue Deutsche Welle (NDW), Krautrock, Hamburger Schule, Volksmusik, German hip hop, Schlager and multiple varieties of folk music. ... Except for national holidays, public holidays in Germany (gesetzliche Feiertage) are determined by the federal states. ... Alex is the coolest!! day of German Unity (Tag der Deutschen Einheit), October 3, is a national holiday in Germany celebrating the anniversary of German reunification in 1990. ... Germanys achievements in science and technology have been significant and research and development efforts form an integral part of the countrys economy. ... Subcategories There are 9 subcategories in this category, which are shown below. ...

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 21 days before the next year. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Facts about Germany: culture
• German Embassy, Washington, DC: culture
• Goethe Institute
• Authentic German Collectibles

i love german culture it is so real and it makes me feell like im a real person.