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State of Israel  Geography Land of Israel · Districts · Cities Transport · Mediterranean · Red Sea Judea and Samaria · Sea of Galilee Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Image File history File links Acap. ... For the topic in theoretical computer science, see Formal grammar Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language. ... Image File history File links COA_of_Israel. ... Anthem: Hatikvah (The Hope) Capital  Jerusalem Largest city Jerusalem Official languages Hebrew, Arabic Government Parliamentary democracy  - President Moshe Katsav1  - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert  - Knesset Speaker Dalia Itzik Independence from the League of Nations mandate administered by the United Kingdom   - Declaration 14 May 1948 (05 Iyar 5708)  Area  - Total 20,770... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Kingdom of Israel: Early ancient historical Israel — land in pink is the approximate area under direct central royal administration during the United Monarchy. ... Map of the districts of Israel Population density by geographic region, sub-district and district (thicker border indicates higher tier). ... Cities in Israel, by district: // Northern District See also North District, Israel. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into West Bank. ... The Sea of Galilee is Israels largest freshwater lake. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... Hebrew חֵיפָה Arabic حَيْفَا Founded in 3rd century CE Government City District Haifa Population 267,000 1,039,000 (metropolitan area) Jurisdiction 63,666 dunams (63. ... History Jewish history · Timeline · Zionism · Aliyah Herzl · Balfour · British Mandate 1947 UN Plan · Independence · Austerity This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This is a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. ... Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Theodor Herzl, in his middle age. ... Arthur James Balfour. ... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ... On 29 November 1947 the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, a plan to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly. ... Main article: History of Israel Austerity in Israel: From 1949 to 1959, the state of Israel was, to a varying extent, under a regime of austerity (צנע tsena), during which rationing and similar measures were enforced. ... Arab-Israeli conflict · History 1948 War · 1949 Armistice Jewish exodus · Suez War · Six-Day War Attrition War · Yom Kippur War 1982 Lebanon War · 2006 Lebanon War Peace proposals · Treaties with Egypt, Jordan Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict · Israel-Lebanon conflict · Arab League · Soviet Union / Russia · Israel and the United... The Arab-Israeli conflict is a modern phenomenon, which dates back to the end of the 19th century. ... Combatants  Israel, Foreign Volunteers Egypt, Syria, Transjordan,  Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin John Bagot Glubb, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Hasan Salama, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji, Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi Strength  Israel: 29,677 initially rising to 115,000 by... The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and its neighbors Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Abdel Hakim Amer Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 70,000 Casualties 197 Israeli KIA 56 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 43 French WIA 650 KIA 2... Combatants Israel Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Saudi Arabia Commanders Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan, Uzi Narkiss, Israel Tal, Mordechai Hod, Ariel Sharon Abdel Hakim Amer, Abdul Munim Riad, Zaid ibn Shaker, Hafez al-Assad Strength 264,000 (incl. ... Combatants Israel Egypt Soviet Union Strength unknown Egyptian: unknown Soviet advisors: 10,700–12,300 Casualties 594 soldiers and >127 civilians killed 2,000 soldiers and 700 civilians wounded[1][2] 15–16 aircraft lost[3] 10,000 Egyptian soldiers and civilians killed¹ 3 Soviet pilots killed 101–113 aircraft... Combatants  Israel  Egypt,  Syria, br/>  Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Anwar Sadat, Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy, Abdul... Combatants Israel South Lebanon Army LF (nominally neutral) PLO Syria Amal LCP Commanders Menachem Begin (Prime Minister) Ariel Sharon, (Ministry of Defence) Rafael Eitan, (CoS) Yasser Arafat Strength 76,000 37,000 Casualties 670 17,825 The 1982 Lebanon War (Hebrew: , Milkhemet Levanon), (Arabic: ), called by Israel the Operation Peace... Combatants Hezbollah Amal[1] LCP[2] PFLP-GC[3]  Israel Commanders Hassan Nasrallah Dan Halutz Moshe Kaplinsky[10] Udi Adam Strength 600-1,000 active fighters 3,000-10,000 reservists[4] Up to 10,000 ground troops. ... Geneva Accord October 20, 2003 Road Map for Peace April 30, 2003 The Peoples Voice July 27, 2002 Elon Peace Plan 2002 ... Israeli-Palestinian conflict  · History Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp First Intifada · Oslo · Second Intifada Barrier · Disengagement  · Israeli Apartheid  · Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, who both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land... // The article discusses the history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from the turn of the twentieth century to the present day, disregarding the prior history of Jews and Arabs in the area. ... This is an incomplete timeline of notable events in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... The UN Partition Plan Map of the State of Israel today The Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has taken shape over the years, despite the ongoing violence in the Middle East. ... The Israeli peace camp is a collection of political and non-political movements which desire to promote peace, mainly with the Arab neighbours of Israel (the Palestinians, Syria and Lebanon) and encourage co-existence with the Arab citizens of Israel. ... The First Intifada, or Palestinian uprising refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1990. ... Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ... The barrier route as of July 2006. ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the Disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to remove all... It has been suggested that one solution has to be found for a series of articles including this article. ... Economy Science and technology · Companies Tourism · Wine · Diamonds · Agriculture Military industry · Aerospace industry This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Tourism in Israel includes a rich variety of historical and religious sites in the Holy Land, as well as modern beach resorts, archaeological tourism, heritage tourism and ecotourism. ... The Israeli wine industry is known for its vibrancy, with wineries numbering in the hundreds and ranging in size from small boutique enterprises making a few thousand bottles per year to the largest producing over ten million bottles per year. ... The Israeli Diamond industry is a world leader in producing cut diamonds for wholesale. ... IMI logo Israel Military Industries Ltd. ... IAI new logo The Avocet ProJet with IAI Logo Israel Aerospace Industries (Hebrew: התעשייה האווירית לישראל) or IAI (תעא) is Israels prime aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing aerial systems for both military and civilian usage. ... Demographics · Culture Religion · Israeli Arabs · Kibbutz Music · Archaeology · Universities Hebrew · Literature · Sport · Israelis This article discusses the demographics of Israel. ... Arab citizens of Israel, Arabs of Israel or Arab population of Israel are terms used by Israeli authorities and Israeli Hebrew-speaking media to refer to non-Jewish Arabs who are citizens of the State of Israel. ... Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים; gathering or together) is an Israeli collective intentional community. ... Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Jewish immigrants (see Jewish music) from more than 120 countries around the world, which have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global melting pot. ... The archaeology of Israel is researched intensively in the universities of the region and also attracts considerable international interest on account of the regions Biblical links. ... There are eight official universities in Israel. ... “Hebrew” redirects here. ... Israeli literature is the literature of the people or State of Israel. ... Laws · Politics Law of Return · Jerusalem Law Parties · Elections · PM · President Knesset · Supreme Court · Courts The Basic Laws of Israel are a key component of Israels uncodified constitution. The State of Israel has no formal constitution. ... Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... The Law of Return (Hebrew: חוק השבות, hok ha-shvut) is Israeli legislation that allows Jews and those with Jewish parents or grandparents, and spouses of the aforementioned, to settle in Israel and gain citizenship. ... The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Israeli Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th Av, 5740). ... Political parties in Israel: Israels political system is based on proportional representation which allows for a multi-party system with numerous parties, in which a single party usually has no chance of gaining power by itself, forcing the parties to cooperate and form coalition governments. ... Elections in Israel gives information on election and election results in Israel. ... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... The President of the State of Israel (‎, Nesi HaMedina, lit. ... Type Unicameral Speaker of the Knesset Dalia Itzik, Kadima since May 4, 2006 Deputy Speaker Majalli Wahabi, Kadima since May 4, 2006 Members 120 Political groups Kadima Labour-Meimad Shas Likud Last elections March 28, 2006 Meeting place Knesset, Jerusalem, Israel Web site www. ... The Supreme Court (Hebrew: בית המשפט העליון, Beit Hamishpat Haelyon ) is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. ... It has been suggested that Law of Israel be merged into this article or section. ... Foreign affairs International law · UN · US · Arab League The State of Israel joined the United Nations on May 11, 1949. ... Arguments about the applicability of various elements of international law underlie the debate around the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Israel and the United Nations have had mixed relations since Israels founding on May 14, 1948. ... Israel-United States relations have evolved from an initial United States policy of sympathy and support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in 1947 to an unusual partnership that links a small but militarily powerful Israel with the United States, with the U.S. superpower trying to balance competing... From the time it was established in March 1945, the Arab League took an active role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Security Israel Defense Forces Intelligence Community · Security Council Police · Border Police · Prison Service The Israeli Security Forces are several organizations collectively responsible for Israels security. ... Emblem of the IDF The Israel Defense Forces are part of the Israeli Security Forces. ... The Israeli Intelligence Community (Hebrew: קהילת המודיעין הישראלית) is the designation given to the complex of organizations responsible for intelligence collection, dissemination, and research for the State of Israel. ... The Israeli National Security Council (Hebrew: המועצה לביטחון לאומי) is a council established by the Prime Ministers Office in 1999 during the prime ministership of Binyamin Netanyahu in the framework of drawing lessons from the Yom Kipur War. ... The Israel Border Police (Hebrew: משמר הגבול, Mishmar HaGvul) is the combat branch of the Israeli Police. ... The Israel Prison Service (Hebrew: שירות בתי הסוהר, Sherut Batei HaSohar), commonly known by its acronym, Shabas, is the Israeli prison service. ... Portal:Israel · Categories · Project  v • d • e

The culture of Israel was in development long before the foundation of the State of Israel in 1948 and is a combination of secular-life and religious heritage. Much of the diversity of Israel's culture can be said to come down to the diversity of the Jews who make up Israel. Originating from around the world, they all brought individual cultural rituals from their country, as well as having open horizons which mean that Israeli culture still develops as Israelis see changes in the international world. The culture is also very much based on the history and culture of the Jewish people which developed in different ways over the hundreds of years in which the Jews were in exodus which came together in the ideology of the Zionist movement of the late nineteenth century and which is certainly crucial to understanding modern Israeli culture. Anthem: Hatikvah (The Hope) Capital  Jerusalem Largest city Jerusalem Official languages Hebrew, Arabic Government Parliamentary democracy  - President Moshe Katsav1  - Prime Minister Ehud Olmert  - Knesset Speaker Dalia Itzik Independence from the League of Nations mandate administered by the United Kingdom   - Declaration 14 May 1948 (05 Iyar 5708)  Area  - Total 20,770... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena; above all, it is the culture of secular communities of Jewish people, but it can also include the cultural contributions of individuals who identify as secular Jews, or even those of religious Jews working in cultural areas not generally considered to be connected... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... A bilingual poster in Romanian and Hungarian promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ...

History

Zionism

Prior to establishing the State

The development of the Israeli culture is the development of the immigration to it from different countries with different cultural backgrounds. In the first years of colonization of the Israel, the main influences on the culture in the settlements were mainly from the Shtetls (Jewish towns) from which most of the immigrants came from, and also from the culture of France and Germany, which became more popular after a lot of contributions were made by the Jewish French philanthropist Baron Edmond James de Rothschild. A shtetl (Yiddish: , diminutive form of Yiddish shtot שטאָט, town, pronounced very similarly to the South German diminutiveStädtle, little town) was typically a small town with a large Jewish population in pre-Holocaust Central and Eastern Europe. ... Masterpiece painting by Eugène Delacroix called Liberty Leading the People portrays the July Revolution using the stylistic views of Romanticism. ... Baron Edmond James de Rothschild (born August 19, 1845 - died November 2, 1934) was a philanthropist and activist for Jewish affairs and a member of the prominent Rothschild family. ...

A most dominant effect in particular in that period and until the 1950s was by the Russian culture, which mainly influenced the local poetry and music and also in the theaters. Poets such as Rachel Bluwstein, Nathan Alterman, Leah Goldberg and Alexander Pen, and theater people such as Hanna Rovina, or Shimon Pinkl and musicians such as Sasha Argov expressed this effect in a very prominent way. The "Habima Theatre" which was originally created in Russia immigrated to Israel and habitated theater mainly influenced by the Russian culture and Yiddish culture. The Russian culture is rooted in the early East Slavic culture. ... Rachel Rachel Bluwstein Sela (alternatively: Rahel Blubstein) (September 20, 1890 - April 16, 1931) was a Hebrew lyric poet of the Zionist settlement years, generally referred to by her pseudonym, Rachel (Hebrew: רחל) or Rachel the poet (Hebrew: רחל המשוררת). // Rachel was born in Vyatka in Russia in September 20, 1890, as the eleventh... ... Lea Goldberg (1911-1970) was a Hebrew poet and student of literature who is considered one of Israels classic poets. ... Alexander Penn (1906-April 1972) was an Israeli poet. ... Hanna Rovina (1892-1980), written also Hannah, Hana, or Chana Rovina or Robina, is recognised as the original First Lady of Hebrew Theatre. Categories: Israel-related stubs | Israeli actors ... Habima National Theatre (‎, lit. ... Yiddish (ייִדיש, Jiddisch) is a Germanic language spoken by about four million Jews throughout the world. ...

1930s and 1940s

Since the beginning of the 1930s and more often in the 1940s of the 20th century, development began in Israel on "authentic" Israeli culture, that originated from the Israeli born residents. This culture was influenced a lot by the Arab Palestinian culture, and in particular in folklore, in the way they dressed, in their dancing, in the way they talked, and in the ways of their behavior. An effect more compound, in particular was in the music, which was adopting a lot of eastern elements in the songs.

A prominent effect in those years was also of the British Mandate of Palestine, which elements from its culture and ways of life were absorbed by parts of the rich bourgeoisie in Israel. Another important source of inspiration was the German culture, in particular as it was imported to Israel by the German immigrants. For example, many of the houses in Tel Aviv and the designs of its avenues were inspiration by the Bauhaus movement and as mimicking the main avenues of Berlin. Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... Typography by Herbert Bayer above the entrance to the workshop block of the Bauhaus, Dessau, 2005. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ...

1950s, 1960s and 1970s

The poetry and the Hebrew literature of the first three decades of the state are considered by many as the most praiseworthy achievements of the Israeli culture, in particular in the 1950s and the 1960s, which produced modern creation in modern Hebrew, in contrast to the poetry written previously, like that of Nathan Alterman, Avraham Shlonsky and Leah Goldberg or to the literary style of one of the greatest Hebrew authors, S. Y. Agnon. The central figures of the modern poetry of the first decades were Yehuda Amichai, Nathan Zach and David Avidan. In the field of the literature the people that mostly stood out were Moshe Shamir and Aharon Megged and following them are Amos Oz, A. B. Yehoshua, Meir Shalev and many more. ... Avraham Shlonsky (1900 - 1973), Hebrew אברהם שלונסקי, was an Israeli poet born in Ukraine. ... Lea Goldberg (1911-1970) was a Hebrew poet and student of literature who is considered one of Israels classic poets. ... Shmuel Yosef Agnon (Hebrew: שמואל יוסף עגנון; known as shay agnon, born Shmuel Yosef Czaczkes) (July 17, 1888 – February 17, 1970) was the first Hebrew writer to win the Nobel Prize in literature (1966). ... Yehuda Amichai (1924 - 2000) was an Israeli poet. ... Nathan Zach, Israeli poet, was born in Berlin in 1930 and migrated to the Land of Israel in 1936. ... David Avidan (born February 21, 1934 - May 11, 1995) was an Israeli poet, painter, filmmaker, publicist and playwright (as he often put it). ... Moshe Shamir (September 15, 1921–August 20, 2004) was an Israeli author, playwright, opinion writer, and public figure. ... Aharon Megged (born 1920) is an Israeli author and playwright. ... Amos Oz, November 7 2004 Amos Oz (born May 4, 1939), birth name Amos Klausner, is an Israeli writer, novelist, and journalist. ... Avraham Boolie Yehoshua (born in Jerusalem in 1936) is an Israeli novelist, essayist, and playwright, known publicly as A. B. Yehoshua, and familiarly as Boolie. // Yehoshua was born in the fifth Jerusalem generation of a Sephardi Jewish family. ... Meir Shalev Meir Shalev (born 1948 in Nahalal, Israel) is an Israeli writer. ...

After the founding of the state in 1948 many immigrants rushed to Israel from many different countries, but their influence on the Israeli culture happened only gradually and relatively. In the 1950s the prominent effects on Israel consented in particular from the culture of England, France and United States. Since the start of the 1960s and more prominently in the 1970s, additional dominant effects began to appear. In theater, the Russian dominancy began to weaken gradually and other effects began to permeate, in particular of the European theater of Bertolt Brecht. In music, in spite of the continuance of the French effect they began to weaken. Instead of it came a much more wide variety of effects, such as British music (and in particular The Beatles) and Greek music and the continuation of the influence of more updated Russian culture. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Brecht redirects here. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ...

The effect of culture of the immigrants from the Arab states on Israeli culture was considerable, but until the end of the 1970s it was generally served by means of "middlemen". For example, prominent representatives of the Mizrahi culture on the stages was "HaGashash HaHiver" while the movies which dealt with the world of the Mizrahi Jews ("Bourekas films") were directed almost always by non-Mizrahi Jews (Ephraim Kishon, Boaz Davidson and Menahem Golan) and the actors in those films playing the Mizrahi Jews weren't Mizrahi Jews either (Gila Almagor, Yehuda Barkan, Chaim Topol and Shaike Ofir). Languages Hebrew, Dzhidi, Judæo-Arabic, Gruzinic, Bukhori, Judeo-Berber, Juhuri and Judæo-Aramaic Religions Judaism Related ethnic groups Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardi Jews, other Jewish ethnic divisions and Arabs. ... HaGashash HaHiver (Hebrew: , The Pale Tracker) were an Israeli comedy group. ...   (Hebrew:אפרים קישון) (August 23, 1924 – January 29, 2005) was an Israeli writer, satirist, dramatist, screenwriter, and film director. ... Boaz Davidson (born 11 August 1943) is a film director, producer and scriptwriter. ... Menahem Golan is an Israeli director/producer who is most famous (or infamous) for his association with Cannon films, a company he ran with his cousin Yoram Globus. ... Gila Almagor (b. ... Chaim Topol (Hebrew: חיים טופול) (born September 9, 1935), often billed simply as Topol, is one of the most famous Israeli theatrical and film performers. ... Shaike Ofir (November 4, 1929 - August 17, 1987) (Hebrew: שייקה אופיר) is an Israeli film Actor, mime and Comedian, considered one of the most important entertainers in Israel from the fifties up to the eighties. ...

In part of the cases, like in the one of Zohar Argov, the creations won recognition in retrospect. In other cases the late recognition was followed with mockery, like in the example of the movies Ze'ev Revach, which gained Israeli cult status but still are considered poor in the means of content and cinematography. And other cases, for example the films of George Ovadia (most of them were copied from Iranian, Turkish and Indian dramas) there was no late recognition in their quality. Zohar Argov (July 16, 1955 - November 6, 1987) (born as Zohar Orkabi) was one of Israels most popular and beloved singers, and a distinctive voice in the new wave of Israeli Middle-eastern Mizrahi music. ...

1980s, 1990s and early 2000s

Since the beginning of the mid 1980s, the Israeli cultural arena became much more open and varied by far from previous years. In the field of music, and in particular the popular music, the main influences were from Britain, Europe and South America and in addition to those, gradually, Turkish, Greek and Arab music started to have greater influence as well; in the field of plastic arts the effect was mainly American; in the field of stage arts there was a wide variety of effects, with special place to the renewed Russian effects, due to a significant immigration from Russia. In the field of literature a considerable effect was from creators like Gabriel García Márquez. Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

A big additional change occurred with the rise to the air of Israeli commercial television channel, "Channel 2". This development lead to the very significant prosperity, in the numbers and in the high quality of the dramas and in the creation of Israeli television. The Israeli television, which was controlled from its start mainly by dramas, comedies and imported series from England and in particular from United States, developed in several years local television which pushed all the imported series from the prime time of the big popular channels to the minor channels and cable channels. Commercial broadcasting - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Channel 2 (Israel) is an Israeli commercial television channel that started broadcasting in November 4, 1993 under the Second Israeli Broadcasting Authority. ... Coaxial cable is often used to transmit cable television into the house. ...

Modern Israeli culture

Israeli culture is heterogeneous, dynamic, and very hard to define. Considerable parts of the secular cultural creations is situated in the Tel Aviv area, although many of the official cultural institutions are situated in Jerusalem. But without a doubt, most of the Israeli culture occurs in the these areas, with emphasis on Tel Aviv. Due to population composed from immigrants of five continents and more than 100 different countries, and dure to significant sub-cultures like the Palestinians, the Russians and the Orthodox, that every one of them encounters about a million people and holds independent communities, including their own newspapers and networks in which they distribute their own products of culture, the Israeli culture is exquisite in its richness and wide variety. Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

With the years, the Israeli government supports less and less in the arts. The percentage of support is lower than what is custom in most western countries and arrives less than half percent from the country's budget. Israel's Philharmonic Orchestra have concerts throughout the country and occasionally plays in different countries as well. The Israeli broadcasting authority orchestra performs concerts throughout the world as well. To the local authorities there are many little orchestras, which their players arrive usually from the former Soviet Union. Israel is known world wide in the greatness of it's modern dance, with bands like Batsheva and Batdor which perform around the world. Fredric R. Mann Auditorum (he:Hichal Hatarbot), home of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra The Leonard Bernstein Plaza in front of the Mann Auditorum The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (abbreviation IPO; Hebrew: התזמורת הפילהרמונית הישראלית, ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisreelit) is the leading symphony orchestra in Israel, and one of the top orchestras... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Habima Theatre, Cameri Theater, Beit Lessin Theater, Gesher Theater (which performs in Hebrew and in Russian), Haifa Theater and the Beersheba Theater are considered to be the most important theaters in Israel. The repertoire of their shows cover a variety of appearance of classic and modern drama, and likewise from plays of Israeli playwrights. The national theater is the Habima Theatre, which was founded in 1917. Habima National Theatre (‎, lit. ... Established over 60 years ago, as Israel’s first Hebrew-language repertory theater, the Cameri has been dubbed the “theater of social responsibility. ... Habima National Theatre (‎, lit. ...

Colonies of artists are situated in Safed, Jaffa and in Ein Hod, but are considered less attractive nowadays. Israeli painters and sculptures sell their works throughout the world. In the cities Tel Aviv, Herzlia and Jerusalem there are art museums, and in many towns and kibbutzim there are smaller museums. The Israel Museum of art in Jerusalem consist the Dead Sea scrolls and a comprehensive collection of Jewish religious art and popular art. Safed (Hebrew: צְפַת, Tiberian: , Israeli: Tsfat, Ashkenazi: Tzfas; Arabic: صفد ; KJV English: Zephath) is a city in the North District in Israel. ... Jaffa port Jaffa ( Hebrew: יָפוֹ, Yafo Arabic: يَافَا  ; also Japho, Joppa; also, ~1350 B.C.E. Amarna Letters: Yapu; ), is an ancient port city located in south Tel Aviv, Israel on the Mediterranean Sea. ... Ein Hod was established in Israel by the Dada artist Marcel Janco, next to the abandoned Arab village of Ein Houd, near Mount Carmel, south-east of Haifa. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... Herzliyya (הרצליה; also spelled Herzliyyah or Herzlia or Herzliya) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip in the south of the Sharon region, just north of Tel-Aviv (about 15 minutes drive), and part of the Tel-Aviv metropolitan area in the Tel-Aviv District. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... The road sign The Shrine of the Book The Israel Museum (‎, Muzion Yisrael) in Jerusalem, was founded in 1965 as Israels national museum. ... The Dead Sea scrolls comprise roughly 900 documents, including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1956 in eleven caves in and around the Wadi Qumran (near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea) in the West Bank. ...

Israelis are avid newspaper readers. The main newspapers are in Hebrew, Arabic, Russian and English. There are smaller newspapers in French, Polish, Yiddish, Russian, Hungarian and German. Likewise there are many local newspapers in many towns and culture magazines. The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Yiddish (ייִדיש, Jiddisch) is a Germanic language spoken by about four million Jews throughout the world. ...

Since then 1980s, a well developed Alternative Israeli Culture has developed in Israel, in the fields of music, dance, comics, poetry, art, etc.

Influential causes

The melting pot

The first Israeli prime minister, David Ben Gurion, lead a trend to blend the many immigrants whom arrived at the first years of the state, from Europe, North Africa, Asia into one melting pot, that will not differentiate between the older residents of the country to the new immigrants. The original purpose was to unite the immigrants with the veteran Israelis to the creation of a unitary Israeli culture, in order to build new nation in the new country. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ...

The two central tools that were destined for this effect were the Israel Defense Forces and the education system. Emblem of the IDF The Israel Defense Forces are part of the Israeli Security Forces. ...

• Israel Defense Forces - by the means of its transformation to the army of the nation which will constitute a common ground between all civilians of the country wherever they are.
• The education system - firstly in the method of unitary education, following the cancellation of the method of the currents in education and uniting the education system under the education laws, in order that different student from different sectors would study together at the same schools.

In a gradual process the Israeli society became more pluralistic and the melting pot derided with the years. In the social sciences, pluralism is a framework of interaction in which groups show sufficient respect and tolerance of each other, that they fruitfully coexist and interact without conflict or assimilation. ...

Criticism on the Melting Pot

There are some that see the "Melting Pot" as a means which was necessary in the country in its first years of the state in order to build a mutual society. Nowadays they claim that there is no more need for this and there is a need that the Israeli society have to enable the people to express the differences and the exclusiveness of every stream and sector.

Other, mainly amongst Mizrahi Jews and amongst parts of the holocaust survivors from Europe, criticized severely the "Melting Pot" process that they were compelled to pass in the first years of the state. According to them, they were forced to give up or conceal their original heritage and culture which they brought with them from their homelands and to adopt new "Sabra" culture, that in many times renounced their old culture and their roots. Languages Hebrew, Dzhidi, Judæo-Arabic, Gruzinic, Bukhori, Judeo-Berber, Juhuri and Judæo-Aramaic Religions Judaism Related ethnic groups Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardi Jews, other Jewish ethnic divisions and Arabs. ... Sherit ha-Pletah is a biblical (First Chronicles 4:43) term used by Jewish survivors of the Nazi Holocaust to refer to themselves and the communities they formed following their liberation in the spring of 1945. ... Cultural heritage (national heritage or just heritage) is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. ... Culture (Culture from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultivate,) generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... Sabra (Hebrew: צבר) is a slang term used to describe a native-born Israeli Jew. ...

Poetry and literature

Noted poets

• Hayyim Nahman Bialik
• Nathan Alterman
• Uri Zvi Greenberg
• Shaul Tchernichovsky
• Avraham Shlonsky
• Lea Goldberg
• Avraham Stern
• Yehuda Amichai
• Nathan Zach
• David Avidan
• Yona Wallach
• Rachel (poet)
• Dahlia Ravikovitch
• Aharon Shabtai
• Tawfiq Ziad
• Mahmoud Darwish
• Ibn Gabirol
• Avot Yeshurun
• Zelda
• Abba Kovner
• Dan Pagis

Hayyim Nahman Bialik (January 9, 1873–July 4, 1934), also commonly written as Chaim or Haim Nachman Bialik and in the Hebrew language as חיים נחמן ביאליק, was a Jewish poet who wrote in Hebrew. ... ... Uri Zvi Greenberg, late in life. ... Shaul Tchernichovsky (August 20, 1875 - October 14, 1943), Hebrew שאול טשרניחובסקי, was a poet of the Hebrew language. ... Avraham Shlonsky (1900 - 1973), Hebrew אברהם שלונסקי, was an Israeli poet born in Ukraine. ... Leah Goldberg (1911-1970) was a Hebrew poet and student of literature who is considered one of Israels classic poets. ... Avraham Stern Avraham Stern (Hebrew: אברהם שטרן Avraham Shtern), alias Yair (Hebrew: יאיר) (December 23, 1907 - February 12, 1942) was the founder and leader of the Zionist underground organization later known as Lehi and also known as the Stern Gang. Stern was born in Suwalki, Poland, immigrated to Israel in 1925, and studied... Yehuda Amichai (1924 - 2000) was an Israeli poet. ... Nathan Zach, Israeli poet, was born in Berlin in 1930 and migrated to the Land of Israel in 1936. ... David Avidan (born February 21, 1934 - May 11, 1995) was an Israeli poet, painter, filmmaker, publicist and playwright (as he often put it). ... Yona Wallach (1944-1985), Israeli poet, was proud of her bisexuality and stunned her readers with her daring expressions of sexuality and spirituality combined. ... Rachel Blubstein-Sela (Hebrew: רחל בלובשטיין-סלע) (September 20, 1890 - April 16, 1931), generally referred to simply as Rachel (or Rachel the poet), occasionally spelled Rahel, is one of the most important Hebrew poets of modern times. ... Dalia Rabikovich (born 1936) is an Israeli poet and peace activist, best known for the freedom of expression in her romantic poetry. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Tawfiq Ziad (Arabic: توفيق زيّاد Hebrew: תאופיק זיאד), also transliterated as Tawfik Zayyad, 7 May 1929 – 5 July 1994) was a Palestinian Arab citizen of Israel, well-known for his poetry of protest. He was elected mayor of Nazareth on 9 December 1973, as head of Rakah, a Communist party, a victory that is... Mahmoud Darwish Mahmoud Darwish (Arabic: ; born 1941 in Al-Birwah, British Mandate of Palestine) is a contemporary Palestinian poet and writer of prose. ... Solomon Ibn Gabriol, also Solomon ben Judah, is a Spanish Jewish poet and philosopher. ... Zelda may refer to: // Zelda Fitzgerald (July 24, 1900 – March 10, 1948), born Zelda Sayre, the wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald. ... Abba Kovner Abba Kovner (1918-1987) was a Lithuanian Jewish Hebrew poet, writer, and partisan leader. ... Dan Pagis, Israeli poet, was born in Bukovina in Eastern Europe in 1930. ...

Prose authors

• Shmuel Yosef Agnon (winner of the Nobel prize for literature in 1966)
• Aharon Appelfeld
• David Grossman
• Ram Oren
• Amos Oz
• Meir Shalev
• Moshe Shamir
• A. B. Yehoshua
• Dan Tsalka
• Etgar Keret
• Emil Habibi
• Anton Shammas

Shmuel Yosef Agnon (Hebrew: שמואל יוסף עגנון; known as shay agnon, born Shmuel Yosef Czaczkes) (July 17, 1888 – February 17, 1970) was the first Hebrew writer to win the Nobel Prize in literature (1966). ... The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: ) are awarded for Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Physiology or Medicine. ... Aharon Appelfeld (b. ... David Grossman (born 1954 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli author. ... Ram Oren (born Tel Aviv, 1936) is a popular Israeli author. ... Amos Oz, November 7 2004 Amos Oz (born May 4, 1939), birth name Amos Klausner, is an Israeli writer, novelist, and journalist. ... Meir Shalev Meir Shalev (born 1948 in Nahalal, Israel) is an Israeli writer. ... Moshe Shamir (September 15, 1921–August 20, 2004) was an Israeli author, playwright, opinion writer, and public figure. ... Avraham Boolie Yehoshua (born in Jerusalem in 1936) is an Israeli novelist, essayist, and playwright, known publicly as A. B. Yehoshua, and familiarly as Boolie. // Yehoshua was born in the fifth Jerusalem generation of a Sephardi Jewish family. ... Dan Tsalka (1936-June 15, 2005) was an Israeli writer. ... Etgar Keret (born 1967) is an Israeli writer residing in Tel Aviv. ... Emile Shukri Habibi (August, 1921 - May 3, 1996) was an Israeli Arab writer and politician. ...

Fine Arts

• Nahum Gutman
• Jacob Pichhadze
• Yigal Tumarkin
• Dani Karavan
• Harry Baron (sculptor)
• Reuven Ruben
• Menashe Kadishman
• Mordecai Ardon
• Meir Pichhadze
• Marek Yanai
• Raffi Lavie
• Anna Ticho
• Yehezkel Striechman
• Yossef Zaritsky
• Ziona Tagger
• David Reeb
• Moshe Kupferman
• Yosl Bergner

Nahum Gutman (1898–1980) was an Israeli painter born in what is now Teleneşti, Moldova, then part of the Russian Empire. ... Yigal Tumarkin (born in Dresden, Germany in 1933) is an Israeli painter and sculptor, and winner of the Israel Prize in 2004. ... Dani Karavan (born 1930 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli sculptor best known for site specific memorials and monuments which merge into the environment, though he has made important installations as well as other significant contributions to art and architecture. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Shalechet (Fallen Leaves) by Menashe Kadishman in the Jewish Museum Berlin (b Tel Aviv, 1932). ... Mordecai Ardon (1896-1992) was a Polish-born artist. ... Raffi Lavie (b. ... Anna Ticho (1894-1980) was born in Moravia, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, modern-day Czech Republic. ...

Museums

More than 200 museums are operating in Israel with millions of visitors annually. Israel therefore has the highest number of museums per capita in the world.^[1]

Jerusalem

• Israel Museum
• Rockefeller Museum in East Jerusalem
• Ticho House
• L.A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art
• Tower of David Museum of the History of Jerusalem
• Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel's Holocaust memorial
• Bible Lands Museum

The road sign The Shrine of the Book The Israel Museum (‎, Muzion Yisrael) in Jerusalem, was founded in 1965 as Israels national museum. ... The Rockefeller Museum located in Eastern Jerusalem, houses a vast collection of regional archeology unearthed in excavations conducted in the country mainly during the time of the British Mandate (1919-1948). ... East Jerusalem is that part of Jerusalem which was held by Jordan from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War until the Six-Day War in 1967. ... The Ticho House museum is located in one of the first houses in Jerusalem built outside the Old City Walls at the end of the nineteenth century. ... The L.A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art was established by the late Mrs. ... Tower of David Migdal David in Jerusalem as it appears today The Tower of David is Jerusalems citadel, a historical and archaeological site of world importance. ... An exterior view of the Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial museum in Jerusalem. ...

Tel Aviv

• Tel Aviv Museum of Art
• Eretz Israel Museum, Ramat Aviv
• Beit Hatefutsot (The Diaspora Museum)
• Tel Aviv Contemporary Art Museum
• Nahum Gutman Museum

The Tel Aviv Museum of Art was established in 1932 in Tel Aviv, in the home of Tel Avivs first mayor, Meir Dizengoff. ... The Eretz Israel Museum was established in 1953 in Ramat Aviv. ... Ramat Aviv is the name of several neighbourhoods which are located in the north and the northwestern parts of Tel Aviv, north of the Yarkon River. ... Beth Hatefutsoth (Hebrew for The Diaspora House) - the Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora, was established in 1978, and is located on the Tel Aviv University campus in Ramat Aviv. ... Nahum Gutman (1898–1980) was an Israeli painter born in what is now Teleneşti, Moldova, then part of the Russian Empire. ...

Haifa

• Haifa Museum
• Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art
• National Maritime Museum
• Hecht museum
• National Museum of Science in the old Technion building
• Haifa Railway Museum

The Haifa Museum established in 1949, houses the Museum of Ancient Art, which specializes in archeological finds discovered in Israel and the Mediterranean basin and the Museum of Modern Art. ... The Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art, which stands on Mount Carmel, is devoted entirely to displaying and conserving Japanese art works, and is the only one of its kind in the Middle East. ... The National Maritime Museum was founded in 1953. ... // The Reuben and Edith Hecht Museum at the University of Haifa was inaugurated in 1984. ... The Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (הטכניון - מכון טכנולוגי לישראל) is a university in Haifa, Israel. ...

Other

• Herzliya Museum - Herzliya
• Israeli Air Force Museum - Hatzerim
• Ein Harod museum - kibbutz Ein Harod
• Holon Museum - Holon
• Petah Tikva Museum - Petah Tikva

• Janco Dada Museum, Ein Hod

Kibbutz Dan, near Qiryat Shemona, in the Upper Galilee, 1990s A kibbutz (Hebrew: ; plural: kibbutzim: קיבוצים; gathering or together) is an Israeli collective intentional community. ... The Yanshul, half-cat half-owl, the symbol of Holons Childrens Museum. ... The Coat of Arms of Petah-Tikva Petah-Tikva (Hebrew פֶּתַח-תִּקְוָה opening of hope, Standard Hebrew Pétaḥ-Tiqva, also transliterated as Petach Tikva, Petah Tikvah, Petach Tikvah, Petaḥ Tiqwa or Petach Tiqwa) and nicknamed as Mother of Cities, is a city in the west of the Center District of Israel...

Music

Main article: Music of Israel

Israeli music is very versatile and combines elements of both western and eastern music. It tends to be very eclectic and contains a wide variety of influences from the Diaspora and more modern cultural importation: Hassidic songs, Asian and Arab pop, especially by Yemenite singers, and israeli hip hop or heavy metal. Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Jewish immigrants (see Jewish music) from more than 120 countries around the world, which have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global melting pot. ... For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation). ... Hasidic Judaism (Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות) is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... “Heavy metal” redirects here. ...

Israel is also home to several world-class classical music ensembles such as the Israel Philharmonic, the New Israeli Opera and others. The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (abbreviation IPO; Hebrew: התזמורת הפילהרמונית הישראלית, ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisreelit) is the leading symphony orchestra in Israel, and one of the top orchestras in the world, as it is widely considered the best orchestra in Asia. ...

Also popular are forms of electronic music, including but not limited to trance, hard-trance and goa-trance. Notable artists from Israel popular in this field are limited but a famous example would be the goa-trance duo Infected Mushroom

Dance

The traditional folk dance of Israel is the Hora, originally an Eastern European circle dance. Israeli folk dancing today is choreographed for recreational as well as performance dance groups. Hora is the name of a circle dance in a number of countries. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Palestinian population's folk dance is the Dabke, a dance of community, often performed at weddings and other joyous occasions, with various versions in different villages and cities. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Modern dance in Israel is a flourishing field, and several Israeli choreographers such as Ohad Naharin are considered to be among the most versatile and original international creators working today. Famous Israeli companies include the Batsheva Dance Company and the Bat-Dor Dance Company. Modern dance is a dance form developed in the early 20th century. ... Ohad Naharin (b. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

People come from all over Israel and many other nations for the annual dance festival in Karmiel, usually scheduled in July. First held in 1988, the Karmiel Dance Festival is the largest celebration of dance in Israel, featuring three or four days and nights of dancing with 5,000 or more dancers and a quarter of a million spectators in the capital of the Galilee.^[2][3] Begun as an Israeli folk dance event, the festivities now include performances, workshops, and open dance sessions for a variety of dance forms and nationalities.^[4] Choreographer Yonatan Karmon created the Karmiel Dance Festival to continue the tradition of Gurit Kadman's Dalia Festival of Israeli dance, which ended in the 1960s.^[5][6] Karmiel Karmiel is a city in northern Israel. ... Galilee (Arabic al-jaleel الجليل, Hebrew hagalil הגליל), meaning circuit, is a large area overlapping with much of the North District of Israel. ...

Film and theatre

Repertory theater companies

• Habima National Theater, Tel Aviv
• Cameri Theater, Tel Aviv
• Beit Lessin, Tel Aviv
• Gesher, Jaffa, Tel Aviv
• Khan Theater, Jerusalem
• Haifa Theater
• Beer Sheba Theater

Habima Theater (Hebrew: the stage) in Tel Aviv is Israels national theater and it is one of the first Hebrew theaters. ... Established over 60 years ago, as Israel’s first Hebrew-language repertory theater, the Cameri has been dubbed the “theater of social responsibility. ... Hebrew חֵיפָה Arabic حَيْفَا Founded in 3rd century CE Government City District Haifa Population 267,000 1,039,000 (metropolitan area) Jurisdiction 63,666 dunams (63. ... Beersheba or Beer Sheva (Hebrew באר שבע; Arabic بئر السبع Biʾr as-Sabʿ) is a city in Israel. ...

Filmmakers

• Boaz Davidson - Eskimo Limon
• Assi Dayan - Givat Halfon Eina Ona (Halfon Hill does not respond), The life according to Agfa, A Whale in Sharton beach
• Eytan Fox - Yossi & Jagger, Walk on Water
• Amos Gitai - Kadosh, Kedma, Alila
• Dover Kosashvili - Late Marriage
• Elia Suleiman - Divine Intervention, Chronicle of a Disappearance and Cyber Palestine
• Uri Zohar - Lul, Metzitzim (Peeping Toms), Hor Ba-Levana (A hole in the moon)
• Eytan Fox

Boaz Davidson (born 11 August 1943) is a film director, producer and scriptwriter. ... Eskimo Limon (Hebrew: אסקימו לימון) is a 1978 Israeli cult film directed by Boaz Davidson which led to a series of sequels. ... Assi Dayan, born November 23rd, 1945, is a son of the former Israeli general Moshe Dayan. ... Givat Halfon Eina Ona (Hebrew: גבעת חלפון אינה עונה) is a classic comedy film produced in 1976 in Israel. ... Eytan Fox in promotional photo for Walk on Water Eytan Fox (Hebrew: איתן פוקס) (born on August 21, 1964) is an Israeli film director. ... Based on a true story, Yossi & Jagger (Hebrew: יוסי וגאגר) is a 2002 Israeli movie directed by Eytan Fox about soldiers at the Israel–Lebanon border who try to find some peace and solace from the daily routine of war in their freewheeling sexual relationships. ... Knut Berger, Caroline Peters and Lior Ashkenazi in Walk on Water Walk on Water (original Hebrew title: ללכת על המים; English transliteration: Lalechet al hamaim) is an Israeli film released in 2004. ... Amos Gitai (born 11 October 1950 in Haifa, Israel) is an Israeli film director. ... Kadosh is a 1999 Israeli fim directed by Amos Gitai and starring Yaël Abecassis and Yoram Hattab. ... Kedma is a 2002 Israeli film directed by Amos Gitai and starring Andrei Kashkar and Helena Yaralova. ... Alila is a 2003 Israeli film directed by Amos Gitai and starring Yaël Abecassis, Uri Klauzner, and Hana Laszlo. ... Late Marriage (in Hebrew, Hatuna Meuheret) is a 2001 Israeli film. ... Elia Suleiman (born July 28, 1960 in Nazareth) is a Palestinian film director and actor. ... Divine Intervention DVD cover Divine Intervention (Arabic: yadun ilahi يد إلهي) is a 2002 film by the Israeli Palestinian director Elie Suleiman, which may be described as a surreal black comedy. ... Chronicle of a Disappearance is a 1996 film by Israeli Arab film director and actor Elia Suleiman, his first feature film. ... Wikipedia:Translation/Uri Zohar Uri Zohar (born 1935, Tel Aviv, Israel), is an Israeli film director and actor. ... Eytan Fox in promotional photo for Walk on Water Eytan Fox (Hebrew: איתן פוקס) (born on August 21, 1964) is an Israeli film director. ...

Playwrights

• Hanoch Levin Queen of the Bathtub , Hefetz
• Nissim Aloni
• Yehoshua Sobol
• Hillel Mittelpunkt - Guide For A Visitor To Warsaw
• Edna Mazia - Herodes
• Avraham Shlonsky Utz Li Gutz Li
• Anat Gov

Hanoch Levin (December 18, 1943 - August 18, 1999), in Hebrew חנוך לוין, was an Israeli playwright, theater director, poet, and author. ... Nisim Aloni (1926 - 1998) was an Israeli playwright and translator. ... Yehoshua Sobol (Born Israel, Tel Aviv, 1939) is an Israeli playwright, writer and director at theatres in Israel and abroad. ... Avraham Shlonsky (1900 - 1973), Hebrew אברהם שלונסקי, was an Israeli poet born in Ukraine. ...

Actors

Main article: List of Israeli actors

• Chaim Topol - Tevye, Fiddler on the Roof.
• Yael Abecassis - Kadosh, Alila.
• Gila Almagor -
• Mili Avital -
• Arik Einstein - Lul, Metzitzim.
• Ze'ev Revach Charlie Ve'hetzi, Hagiga B'Snuker
• Yehuda Barkan
• Natalie Portman
• Shuly Ran

This is a list of Israeli actors. ... Chaim Topol (Hebrew: חיים טופול) (born September 9, 1935), often billed simply as Topol, is one of the most famous Israeli theatrical and film performers. ... Tevye is the protagonist of several of Sholom Aleichems stories, originally written in Yiddish and first published in 1894, most famously the fictional memoir Tevye and his Daughters, about a pious Jewish milkman in Tzarist Russia, and the troubles he has with his daughters (Tevye has six daughters — in... For the film, see Fiddler on the Roof (film) Fiddler on the Roof is a well-known Tony Award-winning musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in Tsarist Russia in 1905. ... Yael Abecassis (b. ... Kadosh is a 1999 Israeli fim directed by Amos Gitai and starring Yaël Abecassis and Yoram Hattab. ... Alila is a 2003 Israeli film directed by Amos Gitai and starring Yaël Abecassis, Uri Klauzner, and Hana Laszlo. ... Gila Almagor (b. ... Mili Avital Mili Avital (Hebrew:מילי אביטל) (born 30 March 1972) is an Israeli actress. ... Arik Einstein (January 3, 1939-) is an Israeli singer. ... Slight modifications to the famous London Underground roundel indicate the name of each station on platform and outdoor signs. ... Metzitzim (Hebrew: מציצים. Peeping) is an Israeli comedy 1972 film, that has become a cult film. ... Charlie Vehetzi (aka - Charlie and a Half; Hebrew צארלי וחצי) is a 1974 Israeli DramaComedy cult movie. ... Zeev Revach as Haham Hannukah Hagiga BSnuker (Hebrew: חגיגה בסנוקר) is a 1975 Israeli cult movie which considered by many to be the funniest movie ever made in Israel. ... Natalie Portman (Hebrew: נטלי פורטמן), born Natalie Hershlag (Hebrew: נטלי הרשלג) on June 9, 1981, in Jerusalem, Israel[1] is a Golden Globe-winning, Academy Award-nominated Israeli-American actress. ...

Comedy and satire

• Hagashash Hachiver
• Ephraim Kishon
• Ephraim Sidon
• Orna Banai
• Eli Yatzpan
• Tuvya Tzafir
• Tal Friedman
• Shaike Ofir
• Shlomo Barabba
• Eli & Mariano
• Zippi Shavit
• Hannah Laslo

Hagashash Hachiver הגשש החיוור (lit. ...   (Hebrew:אפרים קישון) (August 23, 1924 – January 29, 2005) was an Israeli writer, satirist, dramatist, screenwriter, and film director. ... Orna Banai, an Israeli actress, comedian and entertainer. ... Eliyahu Yatzpan (born June 6, 1965) is an Israeli television presenter best known as host of Channel 3s late-night talk show/variety show Yatzpan. ... Shaike Ofir (November 4, 1929 - August 17, 1987) (Hebrew: שייקה אופיר) is an Israeli film Actor, mime and Comedian, considered one of the most important entertainers in Israel from the fifties up to the eighties. ...

See also

• List of Israeli musical artists
• Music of Israel
• List of Hebrew language poets
• List of Hebrew language authors
• List of Israeli actors
• List of Hebrew language playwrights
• Science and technology in Israel
• Religion in Israel
• Jewish ethnic divisions
• Secular Jewish culture

List of Israeli musical artists, singers and bands Abstract Adam Moshik Afia Aharit HaYamim (End of Days) Corinne Alal Chava Alberstein Almana Shehora (Black Widow) Jo Ammar Etti Ankri Keren Ann Yardena Arazi Gili Argov Zohar Argov Meir Ariel Ben Artzi Shlomo Artzi Asaf Amdurski Michal Amdurski Yizhar Ashdot Astral... Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Jewish immigrants (see Jewish music) from more than 120 countries around the world, which have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global melting pot. ... List of Hebrew language poets: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... List of Hebrew language authors: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... This is a list of Israeli actors. ... List of Hebrew language playwrights: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Israel is the only country in which Judaism is the religion of the majority of citizens. ... Jewish ethnic divisions refers to a number of distinct Jewish communities within the worlds ethnically Jewish population. ... Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena; above all, it is the culture of secular communities of Jewish people, but it can also include the cultural contributions of individuals who identify as secular Jews, or even those of religious Jews working in cultural areas not generally considered to be connected...

External links

• Israeli Culture Ynetnews

References