A Keralite wearing a type of sari called set sari.

A Malayali politician dressed in a mundu.

Kerala is a southern most state of India. Kerala's culture — its civilization, artistic forms, beliefs, and worldview — are largely Dravidian in origin. Kerala can largely trace its non-prehistoric cultural genesis to its membership (around the 3rd century CE) in a vaguely-defined historical region known as Thamizhagom — a land defined by a common Tamil culture and encompassing the Chera, Chola, and Pandya kingdoms. At that time, the music, dance, language (first Dravida Bhasha — "Dravidian language"^[1] — then Tamil), and Sangam (a vast corpus of Tamil literature composed between 1,500–2,000 years ago) found in Kerala were all similar to that found in the rest of Thamizhagom (today's Tamil Nadu). Later, Keralite culture was elaborated upon by centuries of contact with overseas lands — yet all through this time, its cultural heritage remained defined by its antiquity and organic continuity.^[2] Image File history File links Kerala-girl-left. ... Image File history File links Kerala-girl-left. ... Illustration of a sari-clad woman, c. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (398x802, 50 KB) Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (398x802, 50 KB) Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The mundu is a garment worn around the waist in Kerala related to the Dhoti as well as the Lungi. ... Kerala ( (Anglicised) or (native); Malayalam: േകരളം, — ) is a state on the tropical Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... The Sangam is a collection of Tamil literature composed between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago. ...

Performing arts

Padmasree Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar performing Chakyar Koothu

Native traditions of classical performing arts include koodiyattom, a form of Sanskrit drama or theatre and a UNESCO-designated Human Heritage Art. Kathakali (from katha ("story") and kali ("performance")) is a 500-year-old form of dance-drama that interprets ancient epics; a popularized offshoot of kathakali is Kerala natanam (developed in the 20th century by dancer Guru Gopinath). Meanwhile, koothu is a more light-hearted performance mode, akin to modern stand-up comedy; an ancient art originally confined to temple sanctuaries, it was later popularized by Mani Madhava Chakyar. Other Keralite performing arts include mohiniyaattam ("dance of the enchantress"), which is a type of graceful choreographed dance performed by women and accompanied by musical vocalizations. Thullal, padayani, and theyyam are other important Keralite arts. Kerala also has several tribal and folk art forms; also important are various performance genres that are Islam- or Christianity-themed. These include oppana, which is widely popular among Keralite Muslims and is native to Malabar. Oppana incorporates group dance accompanied by the beat of rhythmic hand clapping and ishal vocalizations. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (975x1152, 157 KB) Summary Transferred to here from en:wiki. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (975x1152, 157 KB) Summary Transferred to here from en:wiki. ... Mani Madhava Chakyar ( 1899 - 1990 ) Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar ( 15 February 1899 - 14 January 1990) was a performance artist and Sanskrit scholar from Kerala, South India, considered to be the greatest Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam artist and authority of modern times. ... The performing arts include theater, motion pictures, drama, comedy, music, dance, opera, magic and the marching arts, such as brass bands, etc. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Koodiyattam. ... The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into theatre. ... It has been suggested that Drama (art form) be merged into this article or section. ... UNESCO logo UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... Kathakali Kathakali is a form of Indian dance-drama. ... For other uses, see Dance (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into theatre. ... Kerala Natanam is a new style of dancing evolved from Kathakali. ... A contemporary dancer rehearsing in a dance studio Dance generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. ... Natana Kala Nidhi Dr. Guru Gopinath (June 24, 1908 - October 9, 1987). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Mani Madhava Chakyar ( 1899 - 1990 ) Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar ( 15 February 1899 - 14 January 1990) was a performance artist and Sanskrit scholar from Kerala, South India, considered to be the greatest Chakyar Koothu and Koodiyattam artist and authority of modern times. ... Mohiniaattam (മൊഹിനിയാട്ടം) (also spelled as mohiniattam or mohiniyattam) is a traditional South Indian dance form from Kerala, India. ... Choreography literally dance-writing, also known as dance composition), is the art of making structures in which movement occurs, the term composition may also refer to the navigation or connection of these movement structures. ... Ottamthullal is a type of performing arts from Kerala, India. ... Padayani or padeni colloquial speech, is one of the most colourful and spectacular ritual art associated with the festivals of certain temples in southern Kerala (Alappuzha, Kollam, Pathanamthitta and Kottayam districts). ... Theyyam a religious art form of North Kerala The Theyyam or Theyyattam is a popular ritual dance of North Kerala, particularly presented in the Kolathunadu(of the present Kannur and Kasargode districts). ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... This is a popular form of social entertainment among the Muslim community of Kerala prevalent all over, especially in the northern districts of Canaonore, Calicut and Malappuram. ... This is a popular form of social entertainment among the Muslim community of Kerala prevalent all over, especially in the northern districts of Canaonore, Calicut and Malappuram. ...

Mohiniaattam performer

However, many of these native art forms largely play to tourists or at youth festivals, and are not as popular among ordinary Keralites. Thus, more contemporary forms — including those heavily based on the use of often risqué and politically incorrect mimicry and parody — have gained considerable mass appeal in recent years. Indeed, contemporary artists often use such modes to mock socioeconomic elites. In recent decades, Malayalam cinema, yet another mode of widely popular artistic expression, have provided a distinct and indigenous Keralite alternative to both Bollywood and Hollywood. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x640, 46 KB) Summary http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x640, 46 KB) Summary http://www. ... Mohiniaattam performers Mohiniaattam performers Mohiniaattam (മൊഹിനിയാട്ടം) (also spelled as mohiniattam or mohiniyattam) is a traditional South Indian dance form from Kerala, India. ... Politically Incorrect was a late-night, half-hour political talk show hosted by Bill Maher that ran from 1995 to 2002. ... A mimic is any species that has evolved to appear similar to another successful species in order to dupe predators into avoiding the mimic, or dupe prey into approaching the mimic. ... In contemporary usage, parody is a form of satire that imitates another work of art in order to ridicule it. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Movie poster of one of the most popular films—Sholay (1975) Bollywood (Hindi: बॉलीवुड, Urdu: بالیوُڈ) is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based Hindi language film industry in India, but has largely become synonymous with Indian cinema in general. ... ...

Music

The ragas and talas of lyrical and devotional carnatic music — another native product of South India — dominates Keralite classical musical genres. Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma, a 19th-century king of Travancore and patron and composer of music, was instrumental in popularising carnatic music in early Kerala.^[3][4] Additionally, Kerala has its own native music system, sopanam, which is a lugubrious and step-by-step rendition of raga-based songs. It is sopanam, for example, that provides the background music used in kathakali. The wider traditional music of Kerala also includes melam (including the paandi and panchari variants), as style of percussive music performed at temple-centered festivals using an instrument known as the chenda. Up to 150 musicians may comprise the ensembles staging a given performance; each performance, in turn, may last up to four hours. Panchavadyam is a differing type of percussion ensemble consisting of five types of percussion instruments; these can be utilised by up to one hundred artists in certain major festivals. In addition to these, percussive music is also associated with various uniquely Keralite folk arts forms. Lastly, the popular music of Kerala — as in the rest of India — is dominated by the filmi music of Indian cinema. Raga (rāg /राग (Hindi), raga (anglicised from rāgaḥ/रागः (Sanskrit)) or rāgam /ராகம் (Tamil)) are the melodic modes used in Indian classical music. ... The term Tala can refer to: A rhythmic pattern in Carnatic or Hindustani (where it is also spelled taal or tal) music. ... Timeline and Samples Genres Classical (Carnatic and Hindustani) - Rock - Pop - Hip hop Awards Bollywood Music Awards - Punjabi Music Awards Charts Festivals Sangeet Natak Akademi – Thyagaraja Aradhana – Cleveland Thyagaraja Aradhana Media Sruti, The Music Magazine National anthem Jana Gana Mana, also national song Vande Mataram Music of the states Andaman and... Maharaja Swathi Tirunal Sri Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma (April 16, 1813 - December 25, 1846) was a South Indian king of the state of Travancore, in India. ... Kathakali Kathakali is a form of Indian dance-drama. ... Kerala is a region of India, musically known for Sopanam. ... Percussion instruments are music instruments played by being struck, shaken, rubbed or scraped, hence the percussive name. ... The Gopuram of temples, in south India, are adorned with colourful icons depicting a particular story surrounding the temples deity. ... Thayambaka performance by Mattanur Sankarankutty using chenda Chenda is a cylindrical wooden drum from Kerala state of India. ... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and mostly distributed commercially. ... Filmi is Indian popular music as written and performed for Indian cinema. ... India is a major regional center for cinema. ...

Martial arts and sports

Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: കളരിപയററ്), a form of martial art dating from 11th–12th century CE Kerala, is experiencing revival. Here, adepts utilise cane staffs (kettukari) in the kolthari style of combat.

Kerala also has its own indigenous form of martial art — Kalarippayattu, derived from the words kalari ("place", "threshing floor", or "battlefield") and payattu ("exercise" or "practice"). Influenced by both Kerala’s Brahminical past and Ayurvedic medicine, kalaripayattu is attributed by oral tradition to Parasurama. After some two centuries of suppression by British colonial authorities, it is now experiencing strong comeback among Keralites while also steadily gaining worldwide attention. Other popular ritual arts include theyyam and poorakkali — these originate from northern Malabar, which is the northernmost part of Kerala. Nevertheless, these have in modern times been largely supplanted by more popular sports such as cricket, kabaddi, soccer, badminton, and others. Kerala is home of the football clubs Viva Kerala and FC Kochin. Image File history File links Neduvati. ... Image File history File links Neduvati. ... Sword fighting in Kalarippayattu. ... Malayalam (മലയാളം ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... The Common Era (CE or C.E.), sometimes known as the Current Era or Christian Era, is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 (the traditional birthdate of Jesus) to the present. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Kalari Puttara The traditional training of Kalarippayattu a martial art of Kerala a small state in south India, is always done inside the Kalari which is specially constructed practicing area. ... Theyyam a religious art form of North Kerala The Theyyam or Theyyattam is a popular ritual dance of North Kerala, particularly presented in the Kolathunadu(of the present Kannur and Kasargode districts). ... Poorakkali is a traditional dance ritual performed by men during the nine day Pooram festival in Bhagavathy temples across Northern Kerala (formerly known as Kolathunadu) The Pooram Festival The Pooram festival begins with the Karthika asterism and concludes with the pooram asterism of the month of Meenam according to the... For the insect, see Cricket (insect). ... Kabaddi (sometimes written Kabbadi or Kabadi) is a team pursuit sport from South Asia. ... Football is a ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent. ... The Danish Olympic badminton player Peter Gade Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles). ... Viva Kerala is a professional football club based in India. ... F. C. Kochin is a football club based in Kochi, Kerala, India. ...

Literature

Malayalam literature is ancient in origin, and includes such figures as the 14th century Niranam poets (Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry. The Triumvirate of poets (Kavithrayam: Kumaran Asan,Vallathol Narayana Menon and Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer) are recognized for moving Keralite poetry away from archaic sophistry and metaphysics and towards a more lyrical mode. Later, such contemporary writers as Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy (whose 1996 semi-autobiographical bestseller The God of Small Things is set in the Kottayam town of Ayemenem) have garnered international recognition. Literature written in Malayalam language. ... Niranam is a small village in Southern Kerala in India. ... N.Kumaran Asan,Vallathol Narayana Menon and Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer are regarded as the triumvirates (Kavithrayam) of modern Malayalam literature. ... N. Kumaran Asan (also known as Mahakavi Kumaran Asan, the name prefix Mahakavi(Awarded by Madras University in the Year 1922) meaning great poet and the suffix Asan meaning scholar or teacher) was a Malayalam poet, philosopher and social reformer. ... Vallathol Narayana Menon (popularly known as Vallathol) was a famous poet in Malayalam. ... Sophism was originally a term for the techniques taught by a highly respected group of philosophy and rhetoric teachers in ancient Greece. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Lyrics are the words in songs. ... The Man Booker Prize for Fiction, also known as the Man Booker Prize, or simply the Man Booker, is one of the worlds most important literary prizes, and awarded each year for the best original novel written by a citizen of the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland in... Arundhati Roy Suzanna Arundhati Roy (Malayalam: അരുന്ധതി റോയ്, Devanagari: अरुंधती राय) (born November 24, 1961) is an Indian novelist, activist and a world citizen. ... An autobiography, from the Greek auton, self, bios, life and graphein, write, is a biography written by the subject or composed conjointly with a collaborative writer (styled as told to or with). The term dates from the late eighteenth century, but the form is much older. ... The God of Small Things is a semi-autobiographical novel by Indian author Arundhati Roy. ...

Calendar

Kerala also has an indigenous ancient solar calendar — the Malayalam calendar — which is used in various communities primarily for timing agricultural and religious activities. The Malayalam calendar is a sidereal solar calendar used in the South Indian state of Kerala. ...

See also

Kerala is well known for its diverse forms of performing arts. ... Thayambaka performance by Mattanur Sankarankutty using chenda Chenda is a cylindrical wooden drum from Kerala state of India. ... Keralas traditional sadya, served on a banana leaf Keralas cusine is linked in all its richness to the history, geography and culture of the land. ... Duff Muttu performance Duff Muttu (also: Dubh Muttu) is an art form prevalent among Muslims in Kerala state of south India. ... Sword fighting in Kalarippayattu. ... Kathakali Kathakali is a form of Indian dance-drama. ... Kolkali is a folk art performed in Kerala a small state in south India. ... Koodiyattam Koodiyattam is a traditional performing artform from Kerala, India. ... Tongue being pierced in Kuthu Ratheeb Kuthu Ratheeb is a religious ritual performed by some sections of the Muslim population in Kerala state of South India. ... The Malayalam calendar is a sidereal solar calendar used in the South Indian state of Kerala. ... Malayalam (മലയാളം ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Mappila Paattukal or Mappila Songs are folklore Muslim devotional songs in the Malayalam language. ... Mohiniaattam performers Mohiniaattam performers Mohiniaattam (മൊഹിനിയാട്ടം) (also spelled as mohiniattam or mohiniyattam) is a traditional South Indian dance form from Kerala, India. ... Kerala is a region of India, musically known for Sopanam. ... Onam ഓണം, the foremost festival among the cultural repertoire of Malayalees, falls in the harvest season of August- September. ... This is a popular form of social entertainment among the Muslim community of Kerala prevalent all over, especially in the northern districts of Canaonore, Calicut and Malappuram. ... Panchari melam is a classic performance (melam) of different musical instruments that are unique to Kerala state in south India. ... Panchavadyam is a classic performance of different musical instruments that are unique to Kerala state of India, where five instruments are involved in a breathtaking-fastmoving act of percussion (Pancha in Sanskrit means five). ... A pooram (the name coming from the Malayalam language used by the people of Kerala state of India) is a temple festival and there will be at least one elephant in the procession. ... Sopanam is a form of Indian classical music developed in the temples of Kerala in the wake of the increasing popularity of the Jayadevas Gita Govinda or Ashtapathi. Sopanasangitham is sung by the side of the steps (Sopanam) of Temple, with the accompaniment of the drum called Idakka. The... Thayambaka performance by Mattanur Sankarankutty Thayambaka is a solo Chenda (Drum) performance that are unique to Kerala state of south India, where the performer uses one stick and the other hand to play the instrument (Chenda) instead of the usual two sticks. ... Theyyam a religious art form of North Kerala The Theyyam or Theyyattam is a popular ritual dance of North Kerala, particularly presented in the Kolathunadu(of the present Kannur and Kasargode districts). ... N.Kumaran Asan,Vallathol Narayana Menon and Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer are regarded as the triumvirates (Kavithrayam) of modern Malayalam literature. ... Vallam Kali (or Vallamkali) literally means boat game (race) in Malayalam. ... ... This article relates to Demographics of Kerala state, south India. ... The Namboothiris (Malayalam :നമ്പൂതിരി) are the Brahmins of Kerala, thought to be the most orthodox brahmins in India. ... Pushpaka Brahmins, commonly known as Ambalavasi Brahmins, is a caste of Semi-Brahmins in Kerala. ... Nair or Nayar (Malayalam: നായ൪) is the name of a martial nobility in the South Indian state of Kerala. ... Ä€divāsÄ«s (आदिवासी) or tribal peoples comprise a substantial minority of the population of India. ... The Syrian Catholic Church is a Christian church in the Levant in full communion with the pope having practices and rite in common with the Jacobites. ... The Latin Church is that part of the Roman Catholic Church where the Latin rites are or were used in the liturgy. ... Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews are the ancient Jews and their descendants of the South Indian erstwhile state of Kingdom of Cochin which includes the present day port city of Kochi. ... The terms Dravidians and Dravidian people or Dravidian race are sometimes given to the people of southern, central and northern India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka who speak Dravidian languages. ... Ezhava is the name of a prominent Hindu caste from Indias southern state of Kerala. ... The Mappilas (historically called Moplahs) are a Muslim community in Kerala and neighbouring states and territories of India. ... It has been suggested that The Keyis of Malabar be merged into this article or section. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Nasrani Menorah or Syrian Cross also known as the Mar Thoma cross The Saint Thomas Christians are a group of Christians from the Malabar coast (now Kerala) in South India, who follow Syriac Christianity. ... This is a full list of Scheduled Tribes in India, as recognised in Indias Constitution. ... The Syrian Kuriz also known as Nasrani Menorah or the Mar Thoma Kurish The Syrian Malabar Nasrani people are an ethnic community in Kerala, South India. ... Chief Ministers of Kerala See Also Kerala Chief Ministers of India Links keralacm. ... Governors of Kerala See Also Kerala Governors of India Links Categories: India-related stubs | Government of India | Indian politicians | Kerala | State political office-holders in India ... The Kerala Legislative Assembly is the legislative branch of the Government of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. ... The Kerala model refers to the economic practices developed in Indias province of Kerala, which are used to assist in disadvantaged areas. ... Left Democratic Front is one of the two major alliances that dominate the political life of the Indian state Kerala. ... Panchayat Elections is a term widely used in Kerala, India, for the polls that are held to select the Local Self-government Representatives. ... // Autonomous Bodies, Cultural & Other Institutions Agency for Development of Aquaculture, Kerala (ADAK) Agency for Non – Conventional Energy and Rural Technology (ANERT) Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology Institute of Land Management Institute of Management in Government Kerala Aviation Training Centre Kerala Books and Publications Society Kerala Bureau of Industrial Promotion... Categories: | ... United Democratic Front (UDF) is an alliance of progressive, pro-development political parties of Kerala state of the Republic of India. ... Anaimalai hills are a trekking destination in the Western Ghats located in the southern indian state of Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, and is known for its abundant wildlife. ... Map of Backwaters The Kerala Backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... A national park located along the Western Ghats in the Idukki district of Kerala in India. ... The Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis). ... Malabar Coast, Kerala Bekal Fort Beach, Kerala The Malabar Coast also known as the Malabarian Coast, is a long and narrow south-western shore line of the mainland Indian subcontinent. ... Map of Kerala State Marayoor is one of the famous tourist spots in the Idukki District of Kerala state, South India. ... Nelliampathi mountains Nelliampathi is a popular hill station 60 Km. ... The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is an International Biosphere Reserve located in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of southern India. ... Map of The Nilgiris district The Nilgiris or Blue Mountains, often called The Queen of Hills are a range of mountains and a district in the south-Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. ... The Palakkad Gap is a low pass through the Western Ghats ranges of southern India, linking Palakkad District of Kerala state with Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. ... Location of Vembanad lake, Kerala Vembanad Lake (Vembanad Kayal or Vembanad Kol) is the largest lake in Kerala, India. ... This article concerns itself with the History of Kerala. ... The ancient Tamil country of the classical era extended from River Krishna to the Cape Comorin(Kanyakumari). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chera dynasty. ... The Kerala School was a school of mathematics and astronomy founded by Madhava in Kerala (in South India) which included as its prominent members Parameshvara, Neelakanta Somayaji, Jyeshtadeva, Achyuta Pisharati, Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri and Achyuta Panikkar. ... The naval Battle of Kulachal took place on 10 August 1741 (31 July OS) [1], when forces of Marthanda Varma, the Raja of the erstwhile Indian State of Travancore (also known as Tiruvitamkur) defeated forces of the Dutch East India Company (also known as VOC), and the allied Rani of... The Anglo-Mysore Wars were a series of eighteenth-century wars fought in India between the Kingdom of Mysore (then a French ally) and the British East-India Company, represented chiefly by the Madras Presidency. ... Vaikom Satyagraham is Satyagraham contact against untouchability in Hinduism in Kerala at the famous Vaikom temple. ... Perumpadapu Swaroopam (also know as Madarajyam, Gosree Rajyam, Kuru Swaroopam) was the name of the Kingdom of Kochi. ...

Notes

^ (Bhagyalekshmy 2004, p. 6). ^ (Bhagyalekshmy 2004, p. 7). ^ (Bhagyalekshmy 2004d, p. 29). ^ (Bhagyalekshmy 2004d, p. 32).

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References