Graffiti and street art emerged in New York as part of the Zoo York subculture in the 1970s.

The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries of immigration, the city's size and variety, and its status as the cultural capital of the United States. Many major American cultural movements first emerged in the city. The Harlem Renaissance established the African-American literary canon in the United States, while American modern dance developed in New York in the early 20th century. The city was the epicenter of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s, and the birthplace of hip hop as well as Punk Rock in the 1970s. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1067 pixel, file size: 391 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 534 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1067 pixel, file size: 391 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) http://www. ... For other uses, see Graffiti (disambiguation). ... ZOO YORK is a tao of artistic style and social philosophy inspired by the New York City graffiti art subculture of the 1970s. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... The Harlem Renaissance (also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and New Negro Renaissance) refers to the blooming of African American cultural and intellectual life during the 1920s and 1930s. ... Modern dance is often performed in bare feet. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Jackson Pollock, No. ... Hip hop is a subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ...

New York City is an important international center for music, film, theater, dance and visual art. The city has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries.^[1] Wealthy industrialists in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as Carnegie Hall and the Whitney Museum of American Art, that became internationally established and that sustain cultural life in the city today. Artists have been drawn to the city by opportunity, as well; the city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the National Endowment for the Arts, and New York is a major center of the global art market.^[1] Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ... Night view of Whitney Museum of American Art The Whitney Museum of American Art is an art gallery and museum in New York City founded in 1931 by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. ... The National Endowment for the Arts is a United States federally funded program that offers support and funding for projects that exhibit artistic excellence. ... An art sale is the practice of selling objects of art by auction. ...

Literature

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2007 Brooklyn Book Festival showcases borough's continued literary tradition

Langston Hughes was part of the Harlem Renaissance that flourished in the 1920s.

There have been several important literary movements in New York City. One of the first American writers to gain critical acclaim in Europe, Washington Irving, was a New Yorker whose History of New York (1809) became a cultural touchstone for Victorian New York. Diedrich Knickerbocker, an old-fashioned Dutch New Yorker in Irving's satire of chatty and officious local history, made "knickerbocker" a bye-word for quaint Dutch-descended New Yorkers, with their old-fashioned ways and their long-stemmed pipes and knee-breeches long after the fashion had turned to trousers. Thus the New York Knicks, whose corporate name is the "New York Knickerbockers." Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Langston Hughes photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1936. ... Langston Hughes photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1936. ... Langston Hughes (February 1, 1902 – May 22, 1967) was an American poet, novelist, playwright, short story writer, and columnist. ... Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American author of the early 19th century. ... Look up knickerbockers in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... “Knicks” redirects here. ...

The Harlem Renaissance established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The zenith of this “flowering of Negro literature,” as James Weldon Johnson called it, was between 1924, when Opportunity magazine hosted a party for black writers where many white publishers were in attendance, and the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the start of the Great Depression. African-Americans of the northward Great Migration and African and Caribbean immigrants converged in Harlem, which became the most famous center of Negro life in the United States at that time. A militant black editor indicated in 1920 that "the intrinsic standard of Beauty and aesthetics does not rest in the white race" and that "a new racial love, respect, and consciousness may be created." The work of black Harlem writers sought to challenge the pervading racism of the larger white community and often promoted progressive or socialist politics and racial integration. No singular style emerged; instead there was a mix ranging from the celebration of Pan-Africanism, “high-culture” and “street culture,” to new experimental forms in literature like modernism, to european classical music and improvisational jazz that inspired the new form of jazz poetry. The Harlem Renaissance (also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and New Negro Renaissance) refers to the blooming of African American cultural and intellectual life during the 1920s and 1930s. ... James Weldon Johnson (June 17, 1871 – June 26, 1938) was a leading American author, critic, journalist, poet, anthropologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter, early civil rights activist, and prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance. ... Crowd gathering on Wall Street. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... The states in blue had the ten largest net gains of African-Americans during the Great Migration, while the states in red had the ten largest net losses[1]. The Great Migration was the movement of over 1 million[1] African Americans out of the rural Southern United States from... For other uses, see Harlem (disambiguation). ... This box:      Racism has many definitions, the most common and widely accepted is that members of one race are intrinsically superior or inferior to members of other races. ... This article is about Progressivism. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... Children at a parade in North College Hill, Ohio Racial integration, or simply integration includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation). ... Pan-Africanism is a term which can have two separate, but related meanings. ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Jazz poetry can be defined as poetry that demonstrates jazz-like rhythm or the feel of improvisation, from an article by Pittsburg State University faculty. ...

The mid-20th century saw the emergence of The New York Intellectuals, a group of American writers and literary critics who advocated leftist, anti-Stalinist political ideas and who sought to integrate literary theory with Marxism. Many of the group were students at the City College of New York in the 1930s and associated with the left-wing political journal The Partisan Review. Writer Nicholas Lemann has described the New York Intellectuals as "the American Bloomsbury". Writers often considered among the New York Intellectuals include Robert Warshow, Philip Rahv, William Phillips, Mary McCarthy, Dwight Macdonald, Lionel Trilling, Clement Greenberg, Irving Kristol, Sidney Hook, Irving Howe, Alfred Kazin, and Daniel Bell. The New York Intellectuals were a group of American writers and literary critics who advocated left-wing, anti-Stalinist political ideas in the mid-20th century. ... Literary theory is the theory (or the philosophy) of the interpretation of literature and literary criticism. ... Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... “City College” redirects here. ... Partisan Review was an American political and literary quarterly published from 1934 to 2003. ... Nicholas Lemann graduated from Harvard University in 1976. ... The Bloomsbury Group or Bloomsbury Set or just Bloomsbury, as its adherents would generally refer to it, was an English group of artists and scholars that existed from around 1905 until around World War II. // History The group began as an informal socialwe have been great to society assembly of... Robert Warshow (1917-1955) was an American author and critic who wrote about popular culture in Commentary and The Partisan Review in the mid-20th century. ... Philip Rahv (March 10, 1908 – December 22, 1973) was an American literary critic and essayist. ... There have been a number of people named William Phillips: William Phillips (pirate) (16??-1724) was an English pirate. ... Mary McCarthy may refer to: Mary McCarthy (author), novelist, critic, and memoirist (1912-1989) Mary McCarthy (CIA), a former CIA employee accused of leaking information Mary McCarthy (screenwriter) This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Dwight Macdonald (1906-1982) was an American writer, social critic, philosopher, and political radical. ... Lionel Trilling (July 4, 1905 – November 5, 1975) was an American literary critic, author, and teacher. ... Clement Greenberg (January 16, 1909 - May 7, 1994) was an influential American art critic closely associated with the abstract art movement in the United States. ... Irving Kristol (born January 22, 1920, New York City) is considered the founder of American neoconservatism. ... Sidney Hook (December 20, 1902–July 12, 1989) was a prominent New York intellectual and philosopher who championed pragmatism. ... Irving Howe (1920 – 1993), was born Irving Horenstein in New York, the son of immigrants who ran a small grocery store that went out of business during the Great Depression. ... Alfred Kazin (June 5, 1915 – June 5, 1998) was an American writer and literary critic, many of whose writings depicted the immigrant experience in early twentieth century America. ... Daniel Bell Daniel Bell (born 10 May 1919) is a sociologist and professor emeritus at Harvard University. ...

Parallel and counter to these mainstream groups have been such New York-centered underground movements as the Beat poets and writers, including Alan Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Gregory Corso and others, continuing into the 1980s and beyond with such writers as Kathy Acker and Eileen Myles. Various movements down through the years have centered around avant-garde publishing enterprises such as Grove Press and Evergreen Review, as well as unnumbered zine-style pamphlets and one-off literary productions still available in independent bookstores today. At present the underground continues to thrive in the form of small press literary publishers, including Soft Skull Press, Fugue State Press, Dennis Cooper's Little House on the Bowery/Akashic Press, and many others. Beats redirects here. ... Allen Ginsberg in San Francisco. ... Jack Kerouac (pronounced ) (March 12, 1922 – October 21, 1969) was an American novelist, writer, poet, and artist. ... Gregory Corso (illustration) Gregory Nunzio Corso (March 26, 1930 – January 17, 2001) was an American poet, the fourth member of the canon of Beat Generation writers (with Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs). ... Kathy Acker (18 April 1947 in Manhattan—30 November 1997 in Tijuana, Mexico) was an experimental novelist, prose stylist, playwright, essayist, poète maudit and sex-positive feminist writer. ... Eileen Myles is an acclaimed lesbian poet and novelist. ... Grove Press is an American publishing imprint that was founded in 1951. ... Evergreen Review was a literary magazine published by Grove Press in the late 1950s and 1960s. ... A zine—an abbreviation of the word fanzine, and originating from the word magazine[1][2]—is most commonly a small circulation, non-commercial publication of original or appropriated texts and images. ... The Dun Emer Press in 1903 with Elizabeth Yeats working the hand press Small press is a term often used to describe publishers who typically specialize in genre fiction, or limited edition books or magazines. ... Soft Skull Press is a independent press, founded by Sander Hicks. ... Fugue State Press (established 1992) is an small New York City literary publisher, specializing in the experimental novel. ... Dennis Cooper (born 1953) is a poet, writer and performance artist, most noted for transforming the visual/verbal aesthetic of punk into its written counterpart. ...

Over the years many literary institutions have developed in the city, including the PEN American Center, the largest of the international literary organization's centers. The PEN American Center plays an important role in New York's literary community and is active in defending free speech, the promotion of literature, and the fostering of international literary fellowship. Literary journals, including The Paris Review, The New York Review of Books, n+1, and New York Quarterly are also important in the city's literary scene. PEN American Center (PEN), founded in 1922 and based in New York City, works to advance literature, to defend free expression, and to foster international literary fellowship. ... // The Paris Review is an English-language literary magazine based in New York City. ... This article is about the literary magazine. ... Issue One: Negation n+1 is an American literary journal that publishes social criticism, political commentary, essays, art, poetry, book reviews, and short fiction. ... The New York Quarterly is an American poetry magazine. ...

Contemporary writers based in the city, many of whom live in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, include Norman Mailer, Don DeLillo, Jhumpa Lahiri, Jonathan Safran Foer, Jonathan Lethem, Thomas Pynchon and many others. New York has also been a flourishing scene for Jewish American literature, as well as for Puerto Rican poets and writers, who call themselves "nuyoricans" (a blending of the phrases "New York" and "Puerto Rican"). The landmark Nuyorican Poets Cafe is a bastion of the Nuyorican Movement, an intellectual movement involving poets, writers, musicians and artists of Puerto Rican descent, mostly notably the late Pedro Pietri and Giannina Braschi. A typical Park Slope block in spring. ... Norman Mailer, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1948 Norman Kingsley Mailer (born January 31, 1923) is an American novelist, journalist, playwright, screenwriter and film director. ... Don DeLillo (born November 20, 1936) is an American author best known for his novels, which paint detailed portraits of American life in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. ... Jhumpa Lahiri Vourvoulias (born Nilanjana Sudeshna in 1967) (Bengali: ঝুম্পা লাহিড়ী Jhumpa LahiÅ—i) is a contemporary Indian American author based in New York City. ... Jonathan Safran Foer This American author is not to be confused with the Australian media personality John Safran. ... Jonathan Allen Lethem (born February 19, 1964) is an American writer. ... Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, Jr. ... Jewish American literature holds an essential place in the literary history of the United States. ... Nuyorican Poets Cafe. ... The Nuyorican Poets Cafe is a New York City performance venue, best known for slam poetry, but also presenting theater, stand-up comedy, Latin jazz, hip-hop performance, and screenplay readings, the café is a non-profit organization. ... The Nuyorican Movement is an intellectual movement involving poets, writers, musicians and artists who are Puerto Ricans or of Puerto Rican descent and who live in or near New York City and call themselves or are known as Nuyoricans. The word Nuyorican derives from a combination of the words New... Pedro Pietri (March 21, 1944-March 3, 2004) born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, was a Nuyorican poet and playwright who co-founded the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. ... Cutting-edge poet and novelist Giannina Braschi (b. ...

While New York State has an official poet laureate, New York City does not. Instead, by tradition it hosts an annual "People's Poetry Gathering", curated by the City University of New York and city poetry groups, in which ordinary New Yorkers offer their own lines to an epic poem for the city. This technique was also used in the creation of a spontaneous poetic response by New Yorkers to the September 11, 2001 attacks that became a travelling exhibition called Missing: Streetscape of a City in Mourning. The poems, with 110 lines each for the 110 stories of the destroyed World Trade Center towers, were printed on black, billowing cotton banners over 25 feet in height.^[2] This article is about the state. ... A Poet Laureate is a poet officially appointed by a government and often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events. ... The City University of New York (CUNY; acronym: IPA pronunciation: ), is the public university system of New York City. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ...

Comic Books

The American comic book was invented in New York City in the early 1930s as a way to cheaply repackage and resell newspaper comic strips, which also experienced their major period of creative growth and development in New York papers in the first decades of the 20th century. Immigrant culture in the city was the central topic and inspiration for comics from the days of Hogan's Alley, the Yellow Kid, the Katzenjammer Kids and beyond. Virtually all creators and workers employed in the early comic book industry were based in New York, from publishers to artists, many of them coming from immigrant Jewish families in the Lower East Side and Brooklyn. An American comic book is a small magazine originating in the United States containing a narrative in the comics form. ... This article is about the comic strip, the sequential art form as published in newspapers and on the Internet. ... Hogans Alley may refer to Hogans Alley, an 1890s comic strip that featured the character The Yellow Kid. ... The Yellow Kid Mickey Dugan, better known as The Yellow Kid, was the lead character in Hogans Alley, the first comic strip and the first to be printed in color in mass production. ... Katzenjammer Kids is probably the worlds second oldest comic strip (after The Yellow Kid, which ran from 1895-98) and the oldest one still in syndication. ...

It can be argued that superheroes, the uniquely American contribution to comic books, owe their origin to New York, despite the fact that the first superhero, Superman, was created by two artists from Cleveland, Ohio. Even when not based explicitly in New York, superhero stories often make use of recognizable stand-ins for the city, such as Metropolis or Gotham City (Gotham being a common nick-name for New York). The form and narrative conventions of superhero stories frequently dictate New York-sized cities as the settings, even generically. Superheroes are fictional heroes who possess abilities beyond those of normal human beings. ... Superman is a fictional character and comic book superhero , originally created by American writer Jerry Siegel and Canadian artist Joe Shuster and published by DC Comics. ... Cleveland redirects here. ... Cities with at least 500. ... This article is about the fictional place. ...

Marvel Comics became famous for breaking with convention and setting their stories explicitly in a "real" New York, giving recognizeable addresses for the homes of their major characters. Peter Parker, Spider-Man, lived with his Aunt May in Forest Hills, Queens. The Baxter Building, long-time home of the Fantastic Four, was located at 42nd and Madison Avenue. In 2007, the City of New York declared April 30 May 6 "Spider-Man Week" in honor of the release of Spider-Man 3. Both of the previous Spider-Man movies made heavy use of New York as a backdrop and included crowd scenes filled with "stereotypical New Yorkers." This article is about the comic book company. ... Spider-Man swinging around his hometown, New York City. ... May Parker redirects here. ... The Baxter Building is a fictitious Manhattan 35-story office building whose five upper floors house the Fantastic Fours headquarters in the Marvel Universe. ... The Fantastic Four is Marvel Comics flagship superhero team, created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and debuting in The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. ... Spider-Man 3 is a 2007 American superhero film written and directed by Sam Raimi, with a screenplay by Ivan Raimi and Alvin Sargent. ...

New York also served as an inspiration and home for much of America's non-superhero comic books, famously starting with cartoonist and Brooklyn native Will Eisner's many depictions of everyday life among poor, working-class and immigrant New Yorkers. Today New York's alternative comics scene is thriving, including native New Yorkers Art Spiegelman, Ben Katchor and Dean Haspiel, graduates of the School of the Visual Arts cartooning program (the first accredited cartooning program in the country) and many others. William Erwin Eisner (March 6, 1917 – January 3, 2005) was an acclaimed American comics writer, artist and entrepreneur. ... Art Spiegelman (born February 15, 1948) is an American comics artist, editor, and advocate for the medium of comics, best known for his Pulitzer Prize-winning comic memoir, Maus. ... Ben Katchor (born 1951 in Brooklyn, NY) is an American cartoonist. ... Dean Haspiel (born 1967 in New York City) is a comic book artist living in Brooklyn, New York. ... The School of Visual Arts Main Building, circa 1992. ...

Meanwhile, New York's comic book history has worked its way into other facets of New York City culture, from the Pop Art of Roy Lichtenstein to the recent literary production of Brooklyn-based Jonathan Lethem and Dave Eggers. Roy Fox Lichtenstein (27 October 1923 – 29 September 1997) was a prominent American pop artist, whose work borrowed heavily from popular advertising and comic book styles, which he himself described as being as artificial as possible. // Roy Lichtenstein was born on 27 October 1923 into an upper-middle-class family... Jonathan Allen Lethem (born February 19, 1964) is an American writer. ... Dave Eggers at the 2005 Hay Festival Dave Eggers (born March 12, 1970) is an American writer, editor, and publisher. ...

Theatre

Main article: Broadway theatre

A Phoenix rises to new life at the Village Halloween Parade fifty days after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theatre productions, and in the 1880s New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began to showcase a new stage form that came to be known as the Broadway musical. Strongly influenced by the feelings of immigrants to the city, these productions used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition. For other uses of Broadway, see Broadway. ... Image File history File links Phoenixcrop. ... Image File history File links Phoenixcrop. ... // Volunteers costumed as a deck of playing cards shuffle up Sixth Avenue in New Yorks Village Halloween Parade, directed by artist and producer Jeanne Fleming. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

Many musicals in New York City became seminal national cultural events, like the controversial 1937 staging of Marc Blitzstein's labor union opera The Cradle Will Rock, directed by Orson Welles and produced by John Houseman. Originally to open at the Maxine Elliott Theatre with elaborate sets and a full orchestra, the production was shut down on opening night, and Welles, Housman, and Blitzstein scrambled to rent the Venice Theatre twenty blocks north. The crowds gathered to see the production walked up 7th Avenue, and by nine o'clock the Venice Theatre’s 1,742 seats were sold out. Blitzstein began performing the musical solo, but after beginning the first number he was joined by cast members, who were forbidden by the Actor's Union to perform the piece "onstage", from their seats in the audience. Blitzstein and the cast performed the entire musical from the house. Many who attended the performance, including poet laureate Archibald MacLeish, thought it to be one of the most moving theatrical experiences of their lives. Performances of the musical to this day rarely use elaborate sets or an orchestra in homage to this event. Houseman and Wells went on to found the Mercury Theatre and do radio drama, in which they performed one of the most notable radio broadcasts of all time, The War of the Worlds. Marc Blitzstein (March 2, 1905 – January 22, 1964) was an American composer. ... The 1937 musical The Cradle Will Rock by Marc Blitzstein was originally a part of the Federal Theatre Project. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... John Houseman (September 22, 1902 – October 31, 1988) was a Romanian-born actor and film producer. ... Maxine Elliott Theatre Named after U.S. actress Maxine Elliott (Feb. ... A Poet Laureate is a poet officially appointed by a government and often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events. ... Archibald MacLeish Archibald MacLeish (May 7, 1892 – April 20, 1982) was an American poet, writer and the Librarian of Congress. ... The Mercury Theatre was a theatre company founded in New York City by Orson Welles and John Houseman. ... Radio drama is a form of audio storytelling broadcast on radio. ... For other uses, see The War of the Worlds (disambiguation). ...

Many New York playwrights, including Elia Kazan and Arthur Miller, became icons in American theater. Elia Kazan, (Greek: Ηλίας Καζάν, IPA: ), (September 7, 1909 – September 28, 2003) was a Greek-American film and theatre director, film and theatrical producer, screenwriter, novelist and cofounder of the influential Actors Studio in New York in 1947. ... Arthur Bob Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005) was an American playwright and essayist. ...

Professional Yiddish theatre in New York, a major cultural influence in the city, began in 1882 with a troupe founded by Boris Thomashefsky, an immigrant from Ukraine. The plays in the late 19th century were realistic, while in the beginning of the 20th century, they became more political and artistic in orientation. Some performers were well-respected enough to move back and forth between the Yiddish theatre and Broadway, including Bertha Kalich and Jacob Adler. Some of the major composers included Abraham Goldfaden, Joseph Rumshinsky and Sholom Secunda, while playwrights included David Pinski, Solomon Libin, Jacob Gordin and Leon Kobrin. Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Eastern European Ashkenazaic Jewish community. ... Boris Thomashefsky was founder of the first Yiddish Theater troupe in New York City in 1882. ... Bertha Kalich (May 17, 1874 – April 18, 1939) was a Jewish actress, born in Lemberg, Galicia (now Lviv, Ukraine), primarily known for her roles in Yiddish theater in New York City. ... Categories: People stubs | Jewish film and theatre | 1855 births | 1926 deaths ... Abraham Goldfaden Abraham Goldfaden (July 24, 1840 – January 9, 1908), born Abraham Goldenfoden (first name alternately Avram, Avron, Avrohom, Avrom, or Avrum, last name alternately Goldfadn; the Romanian spelling Avram Goldfaden is common) was a Russian-born Jewish poet and playwright, author of some 40 plays. ... Shalom Secunda (1894-1974) was a Jewish composer, born in the Ukraine and educated in the United States. ... Poster: the Federal Theatre presents Pinskis The Tailor Becomes a Storekeeper (Chicago, 1930s) David Pinski (1872–1959) was a Yiddish language writer, probably best known as a playwright. ... Jacob Gordin, circa 1895 Jacob Michailovitch Gordin (May 1, 1853–June 11, 1909), was a Ukrainian-born Russian Jewish playwright active in the early years of Yiddish theater. ... Leon Kobrin (18731–1946) was a playwright in Yiddish theater, writer of short stories and novels, and a translator. ...

Concurrently with Yiddish theatre was the development of Vaudeville (a term thought to be a corruption of the old French word vaudevire,^[3] meaning an occasional or topical light popular song), a style of multi-act theatre which flourished from the 1880s through to the 1920s. An evening's schedule of performances (or "bill") could run the gamut from acrobats to mathematicians, from song-and-dance duos and Shakespeare to animal acts and opera. The usual date given for the "birth" of vaudeville is October 24, 1881, the night during which variety performer and theatre owner Tony Pastor, in his effort to lure women into the male-dominated variety hall, famously staged the first bill of self-proclaimed "clean" vaudeville in New York City. African American audiences had their own vaudevill circuits, as did speakers of Italian and Yiddish. The Palace Theatre on Broadway, described by its owner, Martin Beck, as "the Valhalla of vaudeville" opened with vaudeville shows from the Keith Circuit and lured the best and brightest in vaudeville. Its shift to a full bill of movies on November 16, 1932 is generally regarded as the death of vaudeville. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For Tony Pastor the saxophonist and bandleader, see Tony Pastor (bandleader). ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Yiddish (ייִדיש, Jiddisch) is a Germanic language spoken by about four million Jews throughout the world. ... Notable theatres called the Palace Theatre include: Palace Theatre, London Palace Theatre, Westcliff-on-Sea, EssexA real play house with Edwardian splendour. ... Martin Beck (1867 – November 16, 1940) was a vaudeville theatre owner. ... For other uses, see Valhalla (disambiguation). ... Benjamin Franklin Keith (1846-1914) in 1902 Keith Memorial Theatre, Boston Benjamin Franklin Keith (January 26, 1846 – March 26, 1914) was an American vaudeville theatre owner. ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Today the 39 largest theatres (with more than 500 seats) in New York are collectively known as "Broadway" after the major thoroughfare through the theatre district, and are mostly located in the Times Square vicinity. Many Broadway shows are world famous, such as the musicals Cats and The Phantom of the Opera. Along with those of London's West End, theaters in New York's Broadway district are often considered to be the most professional in the English language. For other uses of Broadway, see Broadway. ... A view of Broadway in 1909 Broadway, as the name implies, is a wide avenue in New York City, and is the oldest north-south main thoroughfare in the city, dating to the first New Amsterdam settlement. ... For other uses, see Times Square (disambiguation). ... Cats is an award-winning musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on Old Possums Book of Practical Cats and other poems by T. S. Eliot. ... The Phantom of the Opera is a musical based on the novel The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux. ... West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre in London, England, or sometimes more specifically for shows staged in the large theatres of Londons Theatreland. Along with New Yorks Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre...

Smaller theatres, termed off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway depending on their size, have the flexibility to produce more innovative shows for smaller audiences. An important center of the American theatre avant-garde, New York has been host to such seminal experimental theatre groups as The Wooster Group and Richard Foreman's Ontological-Hysteric Theater. Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City in smaller theatres than Broadway, but larger than Off-Off-Broadway, productions. ... Off-Off-Broadway refers to theatrical productions including plays, musicals or performance art pieces performed in New York City in smaller theatres than Broadway productions or off-Broadway productions. ... The Wooster Group is an ensemble of artists who collaborate on the development and production of theatre and media pieces. ... Richard Foreman (born in New York on 10 June 1937) is a playwright and avant-garde theater pioneer; he is the founder of the Ontological-Hysteric Theater. ... Richard Foremans acclaimed experimental theatre began in 1968 with a production of Foremans It performed at various venues in Manhattan before Foreman purchased a theatre at 491 Broadway in 1975. ...

The subways of New York are also occasional venues for beauty pageants and guerrilla theater. The MTA's annual Miss Subways contest ran from 1941 to 1976 and again in 2004 (under the revised name "Ms Subways"). Past Ms Subways winners include Eleanor Nash, an FBI clerk described by her poster that hung in subway cars in 1960 as "young, beautiful and expert with a rifle." The 2004 Ms Subways winner, Caroline Sanchez-Bernat, was an actress who played a role in Sunday Brunch 4. The 35-minute piece of performance art was a full enactment of a Sunday brunch — including crisp white tablecloth, spinach salad appetizer and attentive waiter in black tuxedo — performed aboard a southbound A train in 2000. With subway riders looking on, the actors chatted amiably about Christmas, exchanged gifts and signed for a package delivered by a United Parcel Service delivery man who entered the scene at the West 34th Street stop. This article is about Performance art. ...

Music

Main article: Music of New York City

The Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center.

Beginning with the rise of popular sheet music in the early 20th century, New York's Broadway musical theater and Tin Pan Alley's songcraft, New York became a major center for the American music industry.^[4] Since then the city has served as an important center for many different musical genres. Carnegie Hall, a major music venue in New York The music of New York City is a diverse and important field in the world of music; no American city has as central a place in music history as New York City. ... Image File history File links Metropolitan_Opera. ... Image File history File links Metropolitan_Opera. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ... Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 15 acre (61,000 m²) complex of buildings in New York City which serves as home for 12 arts companies. ... Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... A songwriter is someone who writes either the lyrics or the music for songs. ... The music industry is the industry that creates, performs, promotes, and preserves music. ...

New York's status as a center for European classical music can be traced back to the early 19th century. The New York Philharmonic, formed in 1842, did much to help establish the city's musical reputation. The first two major New York composers were William Fry and George Frederick Bristow, who in 1854 famously criticized the Philharmonic for choosing European composers over American ones.^[5] Bristow was committed to developing an American classical music tradition. His most important work was the Rip Van Winkle opera, which most influentially used an American folktale rather than European imitations.^[5] The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active symphony orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842. ... William Fry may refer to: William Henry Fry (1813–1864), an American composer Sir William Gordon Fry (1909–2000), an Australian politician Category: ... George Frederick Bristow (1825 - 1898) was an American composer. ...

The best-known New York composer, indeed, the best-known American classical composer of any kind, was George Gershwin. Gershwin was a songwriter with Tin Pan Alley and the Broadway theatres, and his works synthesized elements of many styles, including the music of New York's Yiddish theatre, vaudeville, ragtime, operetta, jazz and the post-Romantic music of European composers. Gershwin's work gave American classical music unprecedented international recognition.^[6] Following Gershwin, the next major American composer was Aaron Copland from Brooklyn, who used elements of American folk music and jazz in his compositions. His works included the Organ Symphony, which earned him comparisons to Igor Stravinsky, and the music for the ballet Appalachian Spring and the Piano Variations.^[5] “Gershwin” redirects here. ... Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music, as well as an accomplished pianist. ... The Symphony No. ... Igor Stravinsky. ... Appalachian Spring is a ballet score by Aaron Copland that premiered in October 1944, and achieved widespread popularity as an orchestral suite. ... The Piano Variations of American composer Aaron Copland were written for piano solo from January to October of 1930. ...

The New York blues was a type of blues music characterized by significant jazz influences and a more modernized, urban feel than the country blues. Prominent musicians from this field include Lionel Hampton and Joe Turner. In New York, jazz became fused with stride (an advanced form of ragtime) and became highly evolved. Among the first major New York jazz musicians was Fletcher Henderson, whose jazz orchestra, first appearing in 1923, helped invent swing music. The swing style that developed from New York's big jazz bands was catchy and very danceable, and was originally played largely by black orchestras. Later, white bands led by musicians like Jimmy Dorsey and Benny Goodman began to dominate and produced a number of instrumentalists that had a profound effect on the later evolution of jazz. Star vocalists also emerged, mainly women like the bluesy Billie Holiday and the scat singer Ella Fitzgerald.^[4] The New York blues is a type of blues music, characterized by significant jazz influences and a more modernized, urban feel than the country blues. ... Lionel Hampton with George W. Bush Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908, Louisville, Kentucky – August 31, 2002 New York City), was a jazz bandleader and percussionist. ... Big Joe Turner (May 18, 1911 - November 24, 1985) was an American blues singer from Kansas City, Missouri. ... Stride is a type of piano-playing, used primarily in jazz. ... Look up ragtime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Fletcher Hamilton Henderson, Jr. ... Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of jazz music that developed during the 1920s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United States. ... James Jimmy Dorsey (February 29, 1904 - June 12, 1957) was a prominent jazz clarinetist, saxophonist and big band leader. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Billie Holiday (April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959), born Eleanora Fagan and later nicknamed Lady Day (see Jazz royalty regarding similar nicknames), was an American jazz singer, a seminal influence on jazz and pop singers, and generally regarded as one of the greatest female jazz vocalists. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996), also known as Lady Ella and the First Lady of Song, is considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th Century. ...

Beginning in the 1940s, New York City was the center of a roots revival in American folk music. Many New Yorkers took a renewed interested in blues, Appalachian folk music and other roots styles. Greenwich Village, in Lower Manhattan, became a hotbed of American folk music as well as leftist political activism. The performers associated with the Greenwich Village scene had sporadic mainstream success in the 1940s and 50s; some, like Peter Seeger and the Almanac Trio, did well, but most were confined to local coffeehouses and other venues. Performers like Dave Van Ronk and Joan Baez helped expand the scene by appealing to university students, while Bob Dylan came to national prominence in the local folk music scene in the 1960s. A roots revival (folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors. ... American folk music, also known as Americana, is a broad category of music including Native American music, Bluegrass, country music, gospel, old time music, jug bands, Appalachian folk, blues, Tejano and Cajun. ... Appalachian folk music is a distinctive genre of folk music originating in the Appalachia region of the United States of America. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ... Pete Seeger, 1944 Peter Seeger (born May 3, 1919), almost always known as Pete Seeger, is a folk singer, political activist and major contributor to folk and protest music in 1950s and 1960s. ... The Almanac Singers were a group of folk musicians who achieved brief popularity in the early 1940s. ... Dave Van Ronk (June 30, 1936 – February 10, 2002) was a folk singer born in Brooklyn, New York, who settled in Greenwich Village, New York City, and was nicknamed the Mayor of MacDougal Street. ... Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941) is an American folk singer and songwriter known for her highly individual vocal style. ... This article is about the recording artist. ...

Disco music diverged from the funk, soul and jazz of the 1960s, elevating music from the raw sound of 4-piece garage bands to refined music composed by producers who contracted local symphony and philharmonic orchestras and session musicians. A musical idiom that was strongly associated with minority audiences (especially black audiences and gay audiences), discotheques grew popular in the 1970s and began moving to larger venues. Many of the major disco nightclubs were in New York, including Paradise Garage and Studio 54. This article is about the music genre. ... The former home of the Paradise Garage on King Street. ... The original Studio 54 logo. ...

In the 1970s, punk rock emerged in New York's downtown music scene with seminal bands such as the New York Dolls and Ramones. Anthrax and KISS were the best known heavy metal and glam rock performers from the city. The downtown scene developed into the "new wave" style of rock music at downtown clubs like CBGB's. Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... For the self-titled debut album, visit New York Dolls (album) The New York Dolls are a rock band formed in New York City in 1971. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Kiss is an American rock band formed in New York City in 1972 (see 1972 in music). ... Heavy metals, in chemistry, are chemical elements of a particular range of atomic weights. ... The acronym LAMP (or L.A.M.P.) refers to a set of free software programs commonly used together to run dynamic Web sites or servers: Linux, the operating system; Apache, the Web server; MySQL, the database management system (or database server); Perl, PHP, Python, and/or Primate (mod mono... New Wave was a rock music and pop genre and movement that existed during the late 1970s and the early-to-mid 1980s. ... CBGB (Country, Blue Grass, and Blues) was a legendary music club located at 315 Bowery at Bleecker Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. ...

Hip-hop first emerged in the Bronx in the early 1970s at neighborhood block parties when DJs, like DJ Kool Herc, began isolating percussion breaks in funk and R&B songs and rapping while the audience danced. For many years, New York was the only city with a major hip-hop scene, and all of the early recordings came from New York.^[7] People like Kurtis Blow and LL Cool J brought hip hop to the mainstream for the first time, while so-called East Coast rap was defined in the 1980s by artists including Eric B. & Rakim, Kurtis Blow and Run-D.M.C.. Major New York stars emerged to go on and produce multi-platinum records, including Puff Daddy, Jay-Z and Notorious B.I.G., along with critically acclaimed acts like Wu-Tang Clan, Nas, Big L, and Busta Rhymes. Hip hop is a subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa. ... A block party is a large informal public celebration in which many members of a single neighborhood congregate to observe a positive event of some importance. ... Categories: People stubs | Hip hop musicians | Hip hop DJs | 1955 births ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a musical marketing term introduced in the United States in the late 1940s by Billboard magazine. ... Curtis Kurtis Blow Walker, (born on August 9, 1959, in Harlem, New York) is one of the pioneer rappers in the recording industry, and hip hops first mainstream star. ... LL Cool J (born James Todd Smith III on January 14, 1968 in New York, New York) is a legendary American hip hop artist and actor. ... In the early 1990s, two styles of hip hop were popular. ... Eric Barrier (Eric B.) and William Griffin (Rakim), were a hip-hop duo known as Eric B. & Rakim. ... Curtis Kurtis Blow Walker, (born on August 9, 1959, in Harlem, New York) is one of the pioneer rappers in the recording industry, and hip hops first mainstream star. ... Run-DMC is a famous hip hop crew founded by Jason Mizell (Jam Master Jay) and includes Joseph Run Simmons and Darryl DMC McDaniels, all from Hollis, Queens. ... Sean John Combs (born November 4, 1969 aka P. Diddy, Puff Daddy, Sean Puffy Combs) is an American record producer and CEO and founder of Bad Boy Entertainment, one of the driving forces in hip hop in the mid to late 1990s. ... Jay-Z (aka the Jigga, HOV and Hova, born Shawn Carter on December 4, 1970 in Brooklyn, New York) is an African American rapper/hip hop artist and record label executive; one of the most popular and successful rappers of the late 1990s and early 2000s. ... Christopher Wallace (May 21, 1972 - March 9, 1997), also known as Biggie Smalls (after a stylish gangster in the 1975 comedy, Lets Do it Again), but best known as The Notorious B.I.G. (Business Instead of Game). ... Wu-Tang redirects here. ... For other uses, see Nas (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Big L (disambiguation). ... Trevor Smith (born on May 20, 1972), better known as Busta Rhymes, is an American hip hop musician and actor. ...

New York is also one of only five cities in the United States with permanent professional resident companies in all of the major performing arts disciplines: the New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, New York City Ballet, and the Public Theater. The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, actually a complex of buildings housing 12 separate companies, is the largest arts institution in the world. It is also home to the internationally-renowned Jazz at Lincoln Center. Other notable performance halls include Carnegie Hall, Radio City Music Hall, and the Brooklyn Academy of Music. The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, seen from Lincoln Center Plaza New York State Theater The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, interior, as seen from the stage The New York City Opera (NYCO) is based in Philip Johnsons New York State Theater at Lincoln Center. ... The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active symphony orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842. ... Logo of the New York City Ballet The New York City Ballet is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein originally known as the American Ballet. ... The Public Theater is a New York City arts organization. ... Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 15 acre (61,000 m²) complex of buildings in New York City which serves as home for 12 arts companies. ... Jazz at Lincoln Center is a new addition to the Lincoln Center performing arts complex, located at 60th Street and Broadway in New York City, slightly south of the main Lincoln Center campus and directly adjacent to Columbus Circle. ... Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ... Radio City Music Hall at Christmas 2005 Radio City Music Hall is an entertainment venue located in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) is a major performing arts venue in Brooklyn, a borough of New York City, known as a center for progressive and avant garde performance. ...

With nearly 8 million people riding the city's subway system each day, New York's transit network is also a major venue for musicians. Each week, more than 100 musicians and ensembles - ranging in genre from classical to Cajun, bluegrass, African, South American and jazz - give over 150 performances sanctioned by New York City Transit at 25 locations throughout the subway system.^[8] Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music which has its own roots in Irish, Scottish and English traditional music. ... Hand drumming is significant throughtout Africa The music of Africa is as vast and varied as the continents many regions, nations and ethnic groups. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ...

See also: Tin Pan Alley, East Coast hip hop, and List of songs about New York City

Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... East Coast hip hop is a style of hip hop music that originated in New York City during the early-1970s. ... This is a list of songs about New York City, set there, or named after a location or feature of the city. ...

Visual art

The 1913 Armory show in New York City, an exhibition which brought European modernist artists' work to the U.S., both shocked the public and influenced art making in the United States for the remainder of the twentieth century. The exhibition had a twofold effect of communicating to American artists that artmaking was about expression, not only aesthetics or realism, and at the same time showing that Europe had abandoned its conservative model of ranking artists according to a strict academic hierarchy. This encouraged American artists to find a personal voice, and a modernist movement, responding to American civilization, emerged in New York. Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946), photographer, Charles Demuth (1883–1935) and Marsden Hartley (1877–1943), both painters, helped establish an American viewpoint in the fine arts. Stieglitz promoted cubists and abstract painters at his 291 Gallery on 5th Avenue. The Museum of Modern Art, founded in 1929, became a showcase for American and international contemporary art. By the end of World War II, Paris had declined as the world's art center while New York emerged as the center of contemporary fine art in both the United States and the world. Armory Show poster. ... For other uses, see Realism (disambiguation). ... American studies or American civilization is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of the United States. ... He was a loser. ... Charles Demuth (November 9, 1883 - October 23, 1935) was an American precisionist painter. ... Marsden Hartley (January 4, 1877 - September 2, 1943) was an American painter and poet in the early 20th century. ... This article is about the museum in New York City. ...

Roy Lichtenstein's Drowning Girl (1963), an example of the pop art movement.

In the years after World War II, a group of young New York artists known as the New York School formed the first truly original school of painting in America that exerted a major influence on foreign artists: abstract expressionism. Among the movement's leaders were Jackson Pollock (1912-1956), Willem de Kooning (1904-1997), and Mark Rothko (1903-1970). The abstract expressionists abandoned formal composition and representation of real objects to concentrate on instinctual arrangements of space and color and to demonstrate the effects of the physical action of painting on the canvas. Image File history File links Roy_Lichtenstein_Drowning_Girl. ... Image File history File links Roy_Lichtenstein_Drowning_Girl. ... Roy Fox Lichtenstein (27 October 1923 – 29 September 1997) was a prominent American pop artist, whose work borrowed heavily from popular advertising and comic book styles, which he himself described as being as artificial as possible. // Roy Lichtenstein was born on 27 October 1923 into an upper-middle-class family... Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing? (1956) is one of the earliest works to be considered pop art. ... The New York School (synonymous with abstract expressionist painting) was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s in New York City. ... Jackson Pollock, No. ... Controversy swirls over the alleged sale of No. ... Willem de Koonings Woman V (1952-53), National Gallery of Australia Willem de Kooning (April 24, 1904 – March 19, 1997) was an abstract expressionist painter, born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. ... Mark Rothkos painting 1957 # 20 (1957) Mark Rothko born Marcus Rothkowitz (September 25, 1903 – February 25, 1970) was a Latvian-born American painter and printmaker who is classified as an abstract expressionist, although he rejected not only the label but even being an abstract painter. ...

New York's vibrant visual art scene in the 1950s and 1960s also defined the American pop art movement. Members of this next artistic generation favored a different form of abstraction: works of mixed media. Among them were Jasper Johns (1930- ), who used photos, newsprint, and discarded objects in his compositions. Pop artists, such as Andy Warhol (1930-1987), Larry Rivers (1923-2002), and Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997), reproduced, with satiric care, everyday objects and images of American popular culture—Coca-Cola bottles, soup cans, comic strips. Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing? (1956) is one of the earliest works to be considered pop art. ... Jasper Johnss Map, 1961 Jasper Johnss Flag, Encaustic, oil and collage on fabric mounted on plywood,1954-55 Detail of Flag (1954-55). ... Andrew Warhola (August 6, 1928 — February 22, 1987), better known as Andy Warhol, was an American artist who became a central figure in the movement known as Pop art. ... Larry Rivers (August 17, 1923 - August 14, 2002) was a Jewish American musician, artist and actor. ... Roy Fox Lichtenstein (27 October 1923 – 29 September 1997) was a prominent American pop artist, whose work borrowed heavily from popular advertising and comic book styles, which he himself described as being as artificial as possible. // Roy Lichtenstein was born on 27 October 1923 into an upper-middle-class family...

Today New York is a global center for the international art market. The industry is clustered in neighborhoods known for their art galleries, such as Chelsea and DUMBO, where dealers representing both established and up-and-coming artists compete for sales with bigger exhibition spaces, better locations, and stronger connections to museums and collectors. Wall Street money and funds from philanthropists flow steadily into the art market, often prompting artists to move from gallery to gallery in pursuit of riches and fame. Converted townhouses along 23rd Street. ... Dumbo is a 1941 animated feature film produced by Walt Disney and first released on October 23, 1941 by RKO Radio Pictures. ...

Enriching and countering this mainstream commercial movement is the constant flux of underground movements, such as hip-hop art and graffiti, which engendered such artists as Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat, and continue to add visual texture and life to the atmosphere of the city. Harings Radiant Baby Keith Haring (May 4, 1958 - February 16, 1990) was a pre-eminent artist and social activist whose work responded to the New York street culture of the 1980s. ... Publicity photo of Jean-Michel Basquiat by photographer William Coupon Jean-Michel Basquiat (IPA: ) (December 22, 1960, Brooklyn - August 12, 1988, New York, New York) was an American artist. ...

See also: New York School

Long Island City (LIC) in Queens is rapidly flourishing art scene in New York City, serving as home to the largest concentration of arts institutions outside of Manhattan. Its abundance of industrial warehouses provide ample studio and exhibition space for many renowned artists, museums and galleries. The New York School (synonymous with abstract expressionist painting) was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s in New York City. ... Long Island City, New York, often abbreviated L.I.C., is an area in the borough of Queens in New York City. ... For other uses, see Queens (disambiguation) and Queen. ...

See also: SculptureCenter

SculptureCenter is a contemporary art museum that is located in Long Island City in the borough of Queens in New York City. ...

Public art

The Gates in Central Park, by Christo.

New York City has a law that requires no less than 1% of the first twenty million dollars of a building project, plus no less than one half of 1% of the amount exceeding twenty million dollars be allocated for art work in any public building that is owned by the city. The maximum allocation for any site is $400,000. Image File history File links Gates_opened. ... Image File history File links Gates_opened. ... A section of The Gates between the Great Lawn oval and the 86th Street Transverse (Feb. ...

Many major artists have created public works in the city, including Jeff Koons, Louise Bourgeois and Nam June Paik. Anish Kapoor's Sky Mirror, a highly reflective stainless steel dish nearly three stories tall, will be on view at Rockefeller Center in September and October 2006. Jeff Koons (born January 21, 1955), is an American artist. ... Louise Bourgeois (born December 25, 1911, Paris) is an artist and sculptor, whose work has been strongly influenced by the surrealists, abstract expressionism and minimalism. ... Pre-Bell-Man, statue in front of the Museum für Kommunikation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ... 1000 Names, 1985 Anish Kapoor (born 1954) is a sculptor. ...

In 2005 Christo and Jeanne-Claude installed The Gates, a site-specific art project inspired by traditional Japanese torii gates. The installation consisted of 7,503 metal "gates" along 23 miles (37 km) of pathways in Central Park. From each gate hung a flag-shaped piece of saffron-colored nylon fabric. Christo and Jeanne-Claude. ... A section of The Gates between the Great Lawn oval and the 86th Street Transverse (Feb. ... A famous floating torii at Itsukushima Shrine Multiple torii at Fushimi Inari-taisha, Kyoto Torii are widespread in Japan, to the extent that modern architecture sometimes emulates their form, such as at Kanazawa Station. ...

The subway system also hosts several public art projects, including intricate tile mosaics and station signage.

Subversive public art trends have also coursed through New York City. Toward the end of the 1960s the modern American graffiti subculture began to form in Philadelphia, 95 miles south of New York.^[9] By 1970, the center of graffiti innovation moved from Philadelphia to New York City, where the graffiti art subculture inspired an artistic style and social philosophy dubbed "Zoo York."^[9] The name originated from a subway tunnel running underneath the Central Park Zoo that was the haunt of very early "oldschool" graffiti writers like ALI (Marc André Edmonds), founder of The Soul Artists. The subway tunnel became a scene where crews of Manhattan graffiti artists gathered at night. With greater law enforcement and aggressive cleaning of subway trains in the 1980s and 1990s, the graffiti movement in New York eventually faded from the subway. For other uses, see Graffiti (disambiguation). ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... ZOO YORK is a tao of artistic style and social philosophy inspired by the New York City graffiti art subculture of the 1970s. ... The Central Park Zoo is located in Central Park in New York City and run by the Wildlife Conservation Society. ... ALI was the graffiti name of pioneer artist and musician Marc André Edmonds, also known as J. Walter Negro, “The Playin’ Brown Rapper. ...

See also: The Gates, Public art, and Public Art Fund

A section of The Gates between the Great Lawn oval and the 86th Street Transverse (Feb. ... The term public art properly refers to works of art in any media that has been planned and executed with the specific intention of being sited or staged in the public domain, usually outside and accessible to all. ... Public Art Fund project at Lincoln Center: Nancy Rubinss Big Pleasure Point, August 2006 The Public Art Fund is a non-profit organization founded in 1977 by Doris Freedman (d. ...

Dance

Twyla Tharp in a poster for a performance at the Winter Garden Theatre.

New York State Theater

The early 20th century saw the emergence of modern dance in New York, a new, distinctively American art form. Perhaps the best known figure in modern dance, Martha Graham, was a pupil of pioneer Ruth St. Denis. Many of Graham's most popular works were produced in collaboration with New York's leading composers -- Appalachian Spring with Aaron Copland, for example. Merce Cunningham, a former ballet student and performer with Martha Graham, presented his first New York solo concert with John Cage in 1944. Influenced by Cage and embracing modernist ideology using postmodern processes, Cunningham introduced chance procedures and pure movement to choreography and Cunningham technique to the cannon of 20th century dance techniques. Cunningham set the seeds for postmodern dance with his non-linear, non-climactic, non-psychological abstract work. In these works each element is in and of itself expressive, and the observer determines what it communicates. George Balanchine, one of the 20th century's foremost choreographers and the first pioneer of contemporary ballet, formed a bridge between classical and modern ballet. Balanchine used flexed hands (and occasionally feet), turned-in legs, off-centered positions and non-classical costumes to distance himself from the classical and romantic ballet traditions. Balanchine also brought modern dancers in to dance with his company, the New York City Ballet; one such dancer was Paul Taylor, who in 1959 performed in Balanchine's piece Episodes. Another significant modern choreographer, Twyla Tharp, choreographed Push Comes To Shove for the American Ballet Theatre under Mikhail Baryshnikov's artistic directorship in 1976; in 1986 she created In The Upper Room for her own company. Both these pieces were considered innovative for their use of distinctly modern movements melded with the characteristics of contemporary ballet such as the use of pointe shoes and classically-trained dancers. Image File history File links Twyla_Tharp_poster. ... Image File history File links Twyla_Tharp_poster. ... Twyla Tharp (born July 1, 1941) is an American dancer and choreographer. ... The Winter Garden Theatre is a Broadway theatre. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x1584, 2841 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Theatre Opera house Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts New York City Ballet New York City Opera Culture... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x1584, 2841 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Theatre Opera house Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts New York City Ballet New York City Opera Culture... , The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, seen from the Lincoln Center Plaza. ... Modern dance is often performed in bare feet. ... For the supercentenarian, see Martha Graham (supercentenarian). ... Ruth St. ... Merce Cunningham (born April 16, 1919 in Centralia, Washington, United States) is an American dancer and choreographer. ... For the Mortal Kombat character, see Johnny Cage. ... This article focuses on the cultural movement labeled modernism or the modern movement. See also: Modernism (Roman Catholicism) or Modernist Christianity; Modernismo for specific art movement(s) in Spain and Catalonia. ... Postmodernity (also called post-modernity or the postmodern condition) is a term used by philosophers, social scientists, art critics and social critics to refer to aspects of contemporary art, culture, economics and social conditions that are the result of the unique features of late 20th century and early 21st century... Postmodern dance is a 20th century concert dance form. ... George Balanchine (January 9 (O.S.) = January 22 (N.S.), 1904–April 30, 1983) was one of the 20th centurys foremost choreographers, and one of the founders of American ballet. ... Dancer Drew Jacoby of contemporary ballet company Alonzo Kings LINES Ballet. ... Logo of the New York City Ballet The New York City Ballet is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein originally known as the American Ballet. ... Twyla Tharp (born July 1, 1941) is an American dancer and choreographer. ... Angel Corella as Aminta in the 2006 production of Ashtons ballet Sylvia. ... For the Russian athlete, see Aleksandr Baryshnikov. ...

New York has also historically been a center for African-American modern dance. Alvin Ailey, a student of Lester Horton (and later Martha Graham), spent several years working in both concert and theatre dance. In 1930 Ailey and a group of young African-American dancers formed the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, which is now the resident company at New York City Center. Ailey drew upon his memories of Texas, the blues, spirituals and gospel as inspiration. Bill T. Jones, winner of a MacArthur "Genius" Award in 1994, choreographed for the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, among others. Another significant African-American dancer, Pearl Primus, made her debut on February 24th, 1943 at the 92nd Street Y as a social-protest dancer. Her concerns and expression fit into the landscape of the ongoing Harlem renaissance and gained much public support, and was immediately graced with attention after her first professional solo debut. Her dances were inspired by revolutionary African-American choreographer Katharine Dunham. Primus became known for her singular ability to jump very high while dancing. She focused on matters such as oppression, racial prejudice, and violence. New York was the birthplace of other dance forms, as well. Breakdance became an influential street dance style that emerged as part of the hip hop movement in African-American communities in the South Bronx in the early 1970s. It is arguably the best known of all hip hop dance styles. Popular speculations of the early 1980s suggest that breakdancing, in its organized fashion seen today, began as a method for rival gangs of the ghetto to mediate and settle territorial disputes.^[10] In a turn-based showcase of dance routines, the winning side was determined by the dancers who could outperform the other by displaying a set of more complicated and innovative moves.^[10] It later was through the highly energetic performances of the late funk legend James Brown and the rapid growth of dance teams, like the Rock Steady Crew of the Bronx, that the competitive ritual of gang warfare evolved into a pop-culture phenomenon receiving massive media attention. Parties, disco clubs, talent shows, and other public events became typical locations for breakdancers, including gang members for whom dancing served as a positive diversion from the threats of city life. Alvin Ailey, Jr. ... Lester Horton (January 23, 1906 – 1953) was an American dancer, choreographer, and teacher. ... The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater is a modern dance company based in New York, New York. ... New York City Center Logo New York City Center is a 2,750-seat performing arts venue located on West 55th Street between 6th and 7th Avenues in Manhattan, New York City. ... Bill T. Jones is an American artistic director, choreographer and dancer. ... Pearl Primus (29 November 1919, Port of Spain, Trinidad - 29 October 1994) dancer, choreographer and anthropologist. ... The 92nd Street Y is a multifaceted cultural institution and community center located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A boy hitting (holding) a pike Breakdance (media coined phrase), also known as breaking, b-girling or b-boying, is a street dance style that evolved as part of the hip hop movement that originated among African American youths in the South Bronx of New York City during the early... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... For other persons named James Brown, see James Brown (disambiguation). ... The Rock Steady Crew circa 1981. ...

See also: American Ballet Theatre

Angel Corella as Aminta in the 2006 production of Ashtons ballet Sylvia. ...

Film

New York's film industry is smaller than that of Hollywood, but its billions of dollars in revenue makes it an important part of the city's economy and places it as the second largest center for the film industry in the United States.^[11] ...

New York was an epicenter of filmmaking in the earliest days of the American film industry, but the better year-round weather of Hollywood eventually saw California becoming the home of American cinema. The Kaufman-Astoria film studio in Queens, built during the silent film era, was used by the Marx Brothers and W.C. Fields. As cinema moved west, much of the motion picture infrastructure in New York was used for the burgeoning television industry. Kaufman-Astoria eventually became the set for The Cosby Show and Sesame Street. A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ... This article is about the comedian siblings. ... W. C. Fields (January 29, 1880 - December 25, 1946) was an American comedian and actor. ... The Cosby Show is an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, first broadcast on September 20, 1984 and ran for eight seasons on the NBC television network, until April 30, 1992. ... Sesame Street is an American educational childrens television series for preschoolers and is a pioneer of the contemporary educational television standard, combining both education and entertainment. ...

New York City has recently seen a renaissance in filmmaking; 276 independent and studio films were in production in the city in 2006, an increase from 202 in 2004 and 180 in 2003.^[12] More than a third of professional actors in the United States are based in New York.^[1]

Martin Scorsese at the Tribeca Film Festival

One of the filmmakers most associated with New York is Woody Allen, whose films include Annie Hall and Manhattan. Other New Yorkers in film include the actor Robert De Niro, who started the Tribeca Film Festival after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and the directors Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola, Spike Lee, Jim Jarmusch, Joel and Ethan Coen, and many others. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 578 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2034 × 2108 pixel, file size: 3. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 578 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2034 × 2108 pixel, file size: 3. ... Martin Marcantonio Luciano Scorsese (IPA: AmE: ; Ita: []) (born November 17, 1942) is an American film director, writer and producer and founder of the World Cinema Foundation. ... Robert De Niro and Jane Rosenthal 2005 The TriBeCa Film Festival was founded in 2002 by Jane Rosenthal and Robert De Niro in a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the consequent loss of vitality in the TriBeCa neighborhood in Manhattan. ... Woody Allen (born Allen Stewart Königsberg on December 1, 1935) is a three-time Academy Award-winning American film director, writer, actor, jazz musician, comedian, and playwright. ... Annie Hall is a 1977 romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen from a script he co-wrote with Marshall Brickman. ... Manhattan is a 1979 romantic comedy film. ... Robert De Niro in 1988 Robert De Niro (born August 17, 1943) is a two-time Academy Award and Golden Globe-winning American film actor, director, and producer. ... Robert De Niro and Jane Rosenthal 2005 The TriBeCa Film Festival was founded in 2002 by Jane Rosenthal and Robert De Niro in a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the consequent loss of vitality in the TriBeCa neighborhood in Manhattan. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... Martin Marcantonio Luciano Scorsese (IPA: AmE: ; Ita: []) (born November 17, 1942) is an American film director, writer and producer and founder of the World Cinema Foundation. ... Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award winning American film director, producer, and screenwriter. ... Shelton Jackson Lee (born March 20, 1957, in Atlanta, Georgia), better known as Spike Lee, is an Emmy Award - winning, and Academy Award - nominated American film director, producer, writer, and actor noted for his films dealing with controversial social and political issues. ...

While major studio productions are based in Hollywood, New York has become a capital of independent film. The city is home to a number of important film festivals, including the Tribeca Film Festival, the New York Film Festival and the Human Rights Watch Film Festival, as well as major independent film companies like Miramax Films. New York is also home to the Anthology Film Archives, the earliest surviving collective of avant-garde filmmakers, which preserves and exhibits hundreds of underground works from the entire span of film history. The New York Film Festival is the one of the United Statess most prestigious film festivals, first held in 1962 in New York. ... Miramax Films is a film production and distribution brand that was a Big Ten film motion picture distribution and production company headquartered in New York City before being bought out by The Walt Disney Company. ... The Anthology Film Archives Building, New York City. ...

The oldest public access channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, well known for its eclectic local programming that ranges from a jazz hour to discussion of labor issues to foreign language and religious programming. There are eight other public access channels in New York, including Brooklyn Cable Access Television. Look up public access television in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Manhattan Neighborhood Network (MNN) is a non-profit organization that broadcasts programming on four public access stations in Manhattan, New York. ...

New York City's municipally-owned broadcast television service, NYCTV, creates original programming that includes Emmy Award-winning shows like Blue Print New York and Cool in Your Code, as well as coverage of New York City government. Other popular programs on NYCTV include music shows; New York Noise showcases music videos of local, underground, and indie rock musicians as well as coverage of major music-related events in the city like the WFMU Record Fair, interviews of New York icons (like The Ramones and Klaus Nomi), and comedian hosts (like Eugene Mirman, Rob Huebel, and Aziz Ansari). The Bridge, similarly, chronicles old school hip hop. The channel has won 14 New York Emmys and 14 National Telly awards. nyctv is the publicly-owned broadcast service of New York City run by the NYC Media Group. ... New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a strong mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1898. ... WFMU is a listener supported, noncommercial radio station in Jersey City, New Jersey, broadcasting at 91. ... The Ramones (L-R, Johnny, Tommy, Joey, Dee Dee) on the cover of their debut self-titled album (1976), cementing their place at the dawn of the punk movement. ... Klaus Nomi (January 24, 1944 - August 6, 1983) was a German countertenor noted for remarkable vocal performances and an unusual, elfin stage persona. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Rob Huebel, (born June 4, 1972 in Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A.) is an American comedian. ... Aziz Ansari (born on February 23, 1983) is an American stand-up comedian of South Indian Tamil heritage. ...

See also: List of films set in New York City

The following is a partial list of films set in New York City. ...

Museums

SUR by Xefirotarch at the P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center in Queens.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is one of the world's largest and most important art museums, and is located on the eastern edge of Central Park. It also comprises a building complex known as "The Cloisters" in Fort Tryon Park at the north end of Manhattan Island overlooking the Hudson River which features medieval art. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is often considered a rival to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Brooklyn Museum is the second largest art museum in New York and one of the largest in the United States. One of the premier art institutions in the world, its permanent collection includes more than one-and-a-half million objects, from ancient Egyptian masterpieces to contemporary art, and the art of many other cultures. Image File history File links SUR_P.S.1. ... Image File history File links SUR_P.S.1. ... The P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center is one of the largest and oldest museums in the United States dedicated solely to contemporary art. ... Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Elevation The Metropolitan Museum of Art, often referred to simply as the Met, is one of the worlds largest and most important art museums. ... This article is about the museum in New York City. ... The Brooklyn Museum, located at 200 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, New York, is the second largest art museum in New York City, and one of the largest in the United States. ...

There are many smaller important galleries and art museums in the city. Among these is the Frick Collection, one of the preeminent small art museums in the United States, with a very high-quality collection of old master paintings housed in 16 galleries within the former mansion steel magnate Henry Clay Frick. The collection features some of the best-known paintings by major European artists, as well as numerous works of sculpture and porcelain. It also has furniture, enamel, and carpets. Frick Collection Holbeins portrait of Thomas More is one of the highlights of the Frick Collection. ... Henry Clay Frick Henry Clay Frick (December 19, 1849 – December 2, 1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. ...

The Yoshio Taniguchi building at the Museum of Modern Art.

The Jewish Museum of New York was first established in 1904, when the Jewish Theological Seminary received a gift a 26 Jewish ceremonial art objects by Judge Mayer Sulzberger. The museum now boasts a collection 28,000 objects including paintings, sculpture, archaeological artifacts, and many other pieces important to the preservation of Jewish history and culture. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (768x1024, 402 KB) Description: Museum of Modern Art, New York City, USA File links The following pages link to this file: Museum of Modern Art ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (768x1024, 402 KB) Description: Museum of Modern Art, New York City, USA File links The following pages link to this file: Museum of Modern Art ... This article is about the museum in New York City. ... Jewish Museum in New York seen from Fifth Avenue The Jewish Museum of New York was first established in 1904, when the Jewish Theological Seminary received a gift of 26 Jewish ceremonial art objects from Judge Mayer Sulzberger. ...

Founded in 1969 by a group of Puerto Rican artists, educators, community activists and civic leaders, El Museo del Barrio is located at the top of Museum Mile in East Harlem, a neighborhood also called 'El Barrio'. Originally, the museum was a creation of the Nuyorican Movement and Civil Rights Movement, and primarily functioned as a neighborhood institution serving Puerto Ricans. With the increasing size of New York's Latino population, the scope of the museum is expanding. Founded in 1969 by a group of Puerto Rican artists, educators,community activists and civic leaders, El Museo del Barrio is located at the top of Museum Mile in New York City (USA), in East Harlem a neighborhood also called El Barrio and is the only museum dedicated to the... The Nuyorican Movement is an intellectual movement involving poets, writers, musicians and artists who are Puerto Ricans or of Puerto Rican descent and who live in or near New York City and call themselves or are known as Nuyoricans. The word Nuyorican derives from a combination of the words New...

The American Museum of Natural History and its Hayden Planetarium focus on the sciences. There are also many smaller specialty museums, from the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum to the International Center of Photography and The Museum of Television and Radio. There is even a Museum of the City of New York. A number of the city's museums are located along the Museum Mile section of Fifth Avenue. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hayden Planetarium is a public planetarium located on Central Park West, New York City, next to the famous American Museum of Natural History. ... The Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum is the only museum in the United States dedicated to contemporary design and design history. ... The Museum of the City of New York is an art gallery and history museum founded in 1923 to present the history of New York City and its people. ... Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue, an avenue in Manhattan in the City of New York, running from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side in a neighborhood known as Carnegie Hill. ... Street sign at Fifth Avenue and East 57th street Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in New York City. ...

Facade of SculptureCenter, 2003.

In recent years New York has seen a major building boom among its cultural institutions. Long Island City in Queens is an increasingly thriving location for the arts, home to P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center and SculptureCenter for example. SculptureCenter, New York City's only non-profit exhibition space dedicated to contemporary and innovative sculpture, re-located from Manhattan's Upper East Side to a former trolley repair shop in LIC, renovated by artist/designer Maya Lin in 2002. The museum commissions new work and presents challenging exhibits by emerging and established, national and international artists and hosts a diverse range of public programs including lectures, dialogues, and performances. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Long Island City, New York, often abbreviated L.I.C., is an area in the borough of Queens in New York City. ... SculptureCenter is a contemporary art museum that is located in Long Island City in the borough of Queens in New York City. ...

In 2006 more than 60 arts institutions spread across the five boroughs, from smaller community organizations like the Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts in Brooklyn to major institutions like the Morgan Library, were undergoing or recently completed architectural renovations or new construction. In aggregate the projects represented more than $2.8 billion in investment.^[13] The New York City Department of Cultural Affairs budget for building projects was the largest in the city's history: $865 million from 2006 through 2010, up from a $339.6 million planned budget for the 2001-4 period.^[13] The Alliance for the Arts, a nonpartisan, nonprofit arts advocacy and research group, reported in 2003 that the economic impact of cultural construction projects in New York — including factors like jobs created and collateral spending in the city — between 1997 and 2002 was $2.3 billion, with an anticipated impact of $2.7 billion for the period from 2003 through 2006.^[13] The Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts, or MoCADA, is a museum of contemorary art by black artists in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. ... The Pierpont Morgan Library is a research library in New York City. ...

See also: List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City

New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites, many of which are internationally known. ...

Department of Cultural Affairs

The Department of Cultural Affairs (DCLA), a branch of the government of New York City, is the largest public funder of the arts in the United States. DCLA's funding budget is larger than the National Endowment for the Arts, the Federal government's national arts funding mechanism.^[1] DCLA provides funding and support services to about 1,400 art and cultural organizations in the five boroughs, including 375 museums, 96 orchestras, 24 performing arts centers, 7 botanical gardens, 5 zoos and 1 aquarium.^[14] Recipients span many disciplines, including the visual, literary and performing arts; public-oriented science and humanities institutions including zoos, botanical gardens and historic and preservation societies; and creative artists at all skill levels who live and work within the City's five boroughs. DCLA also administers the Percent for Art program, which funds public art at building sites. In fiscal year 2007, DCLA's expense budget, used for funding programming at non-profits, was $151.9 million. Its capital budget, used to support projects at 196 cultural organizations throughout the city ranging from roof replacement to new construction, is roughly $867 million for the period between 2007 and 2011.^[15] New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a strong mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1898. ... The National Endowment for the Arts is a United States federally funded program that offers support and funding for projects that exhibit artistic excellence. ...

See also: Government of New York City

New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a strong mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1898. ...

Cultural diversity

To some observers, New York, with its large immigrant population, seems more of an international city than something specifically "American". But to others, the city's very openness to newcomers makes it the archetype of a "nation of immigrants". The term "melting pot" derives from the play The Melting Pot, by Israel Zangwill, who in 1908 adapted Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet to a setting in the Lower East Side, where droves of immigrants from diverse European nations in the early 1900s learned to live together in tenements and row houses for the first time. In 2000, 36% of the city's population was foreign-born. Among American cities this proportion was higher only in Los Angeles and Miami.^[16] While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin dominates. The seven largest countries of origin are the Dominican Republic, China, Jamaica, Russia, Italy, Poland and India. Eid ul-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى) is second in the series of Eid festivals that Muslims celebrate. ... Chinese New Year (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), or Spring Festival or the Lunar New Year (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. ... In the Western Christian calendar, Ash Wednesday is the first day of Lent. ... Purim (Hebrew: פורים Pûrîm lots, from Akkadian pÅ«ru) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance from Hamans plot to annihilate all the Jews of the Persian Empire, who had survived the Babylonian captivity, after Persia had conquered Babylonia who in turn had destroyed the First Temple... Pasch redirects here. ... Good Friday is the Friday before Easter (Easter always falls on a Sunday). ... Shavuot, also spelled Shavuos (Hebrew: שבועות (Israeli Heb. ... According to Catholic theology and the traditions of the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, the body of Mary, the mother of Jesus, venerated by these denominations as the Blessed Virgin Mary or Theotokos, respectively, was taken into Heaven along with her soul after her death. ... Look up Rosh Hashanah in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Yom Kippur (Hebrew:יוֹם כִּפּוּר ) is a Jewish holiday, known in English as the Day of Atonement. ... Sukkot (סוכות or סֻכּוֹת sukkōt, booths) or Succoth is an 8-day Biblical pilgrimage festival, also known as the Feast of Booths, the Feast of Tabernacles, or Tabernacles. ... This article is about the festival. ... The Islamic holiday of Eid ul-Fitr (Arabic: عيد الفطر) marks the end of Ramadan. ... This article is about the Christian holiday. ... Eid ul-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى) is second in the series of Eid festivals that Muslims celebrate. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ... The Melting Pot is a play by Israel Zangwill, first staged in 1908. ... Israel Zangwill (February 14, 1864 - August 1, 1926) was an English-born Zionist, humourist and writer. ... Romeo and Juliet in the famous balcony scene by Ford Madox Brown For other uses, see Romeo and Juliet (disambiguation). ...

The cultural diversity of New York can be seen in the range of official city holidays. With the growth of New York's South Asian community, Diwali, the Hindu Festival of Lights, was recently added to the calendar. This article is about the festival. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ...

The West Indian Labor Day Parade is an annual carnival along Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn.

As in many major cities, immigrants to New York often congregate in ethnic enclaves where they can talk and shop and work with people from their country of origin. Throughout the five boroughs the city is home to many distinct communities of Irish, Italians, Chinese, Koreans, Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, Caribbeans, Hasidic Jews, Latin Americans, Russians and many others. Many of the largest city-wide annual events are parades celebrating the heritage of New York’s ethnic communities. Attendance at the biggest ones by city and state politicians is politically obligatory. These include the St Patrick's Day Parade, probably the top Irish heritage parade in the Americas; the Puerto Rican Day Parade, which often draws up to 3 million spectators; the West Indian Labor Day Parade, among the largest parades in North America and the largest event in New York City; and the Chinese New Year Parade. New Yorkers of all stripes gather together for these spectacles. Other significant parades include the Gay Pride Parade, Greenwich Village Halloween Parade and the Coney Island Mermaid Parade, all icons in the city’s counter-culture pantheon. Image File history File linksMetadata Westindiandayparadepartier. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Westindiandayparadepartier. ... A parade-goer waves a Bajan flag The Labor Day Carnival, or West Indian Carnival, is an annual celebration held in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... “West Indian” redirects here. ... This article is about the Hasidic movement originating in Poland and Russia. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... St. ... This article is about the NYC parade. ... A parade-goer waves a Bajan flag The Labor Day Carnival, or West Indian Carnival, is an annual celebration held in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. ... View of 2003 Gay Pride Parade in Greenwich Village. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

New York City has a larger Jewish population than any other city in the world, larger than even Jerusalem. Approximately one million New Yorkers, or about 13%, are Jewish.^[17] As a result, New York City culture has borrowed certain elements of Jewish culture, such as bagels. The city is also home to the Jewish Theological Seminary, the headquarters of Orthodox Jewish movements, one of three American campuses of Hebrew Union College of Reform Judaism, Yeshiva University , and the home of the Anti-Defamation League. Temple Emanu-El, the largest Jewish house of worship in the world, became the first Reform congregation in America in 1845. For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Bagel (disambiguation). ... The Jewish Theological Seminary of America The Jewish Theological Seminary of America, known in the Jewish community simply as JTS, is the academic and spiritual center of Conservative Judaism, and is the movements main rabbinical seminary. ... Orthodox Judaism is one of the three major branches of Judaism. ... Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (also known as HUC or HUC-JIR) is the oldest Jewish seminary in the New World and the main seminary for training rabbis, cantors, educators and communal workers in Reform Judaism. ... Reform Judaism can refer to (1) the largest denomination of American Jews and its sibling movements in other countries, (2) a branch of Judaism in the United Kingdom, and (3) the historical predecessor of the American movement that originated in 19th-century Germany. ... Yeshiva University is a private Jewish university in New York City whose first component was founded in 1886. ... The Anti-Defamation League (or ADL) is an advocacy group founded by Bnai Brith in the United States whose stated aim is to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A synagogue (from ancient Greek: , transliterated synagogē, assembly; ‎ beit knesset, house of assembly; Yiddish: or Template:Lanh-he beit tefila, house of prayer, shul; Ladino: , esnoga) is a Jewish house of worship. ...

See also: Demographics of New York City

Population growth (blue) and population loss (red) from 1990 to 2000. ...

Festivals and parades

Street vendors at the Feast of San Gennaro in Manhattan's Little Italy.

New York, with its many ethnic communities and cultural venues, has a large number of major parades and street festivals. Summerstage in Central Park is one of about 1,200 free concerts, dance, theater, and spoke word events citywide sponsored by the City Parks Foundation. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 1210 KB) Summary Street vendors at the annual Feast of San Gennaro in Little Italy, New York City. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1704x2272, 1210 KB) Summary Street vendors at the annual Feast of San Gennaro in Little Italy, New York City. ... Facing south on Mulberry Street during the 2006 Festival. ... Food vendors line the streets of Little Italy. ... Summerstage now in its 20th season is New Yorks Premiere outdoor concert stage in Central Park (New York City, USA) that provides a series of free and paid performances of music, dance, performance art,reading and spoken word throughout the summer months . ... City Parks Foundation is a New York City-based non-profit dedicated to the enrichment of urban parks and neighborhoods through programming in parks, including athletic instruction for youth and seniors, performing arts, and education programs, all offered free of charge. ...

The Village Halloween Parade is an annual holiday parade and street pageant presented the night of every Halloween (October 31) in Greenwich Village. Stretching more than a mile, this cultural event draws two million spectators, fifty thousand costumed participants, dancers, artists and circus performers, dozens of floats bearing live bands and other musical and performing acts, and a world-wide television audience of one hundred million. // Volunteers costumed as a deck of playing cards shuffle up Sixth Avenue in New Yorks Village Halloween Parade, directed by artist and producer Jeanne Fleming. ... This article is about the holiday. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Feast of San Gennaro, originally a one-day religious commemoration, is now an 11-day street fair held in mid-September in Manhattan's Little Italy. Centered on Mulberry Street, which is closed to traffic for the occasion, the festival generally features parades, street vendors, sausages and zeppole, games, and a religious candlelit procession which begins immediately after a celebratory mass at the Church of the Most Precious Blood. Another festival is held with the same attractions at New York's other Little Italy, in the Fordham/Belmont community in the Bronx. The streets are closed to traffic and the festivities begin early in the morning and proceed late into the night. Facing south on Mulberry Street during the 2006 Festival. ... Food vendors line the streets of Little Italy. ... For other uses of Mass, see Mass (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Bronx (disambiguation). ...

Other major parades include the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, presented by Macy's Department Store and lasting three hours on Thanksgiving Day, which features enormous inflatable balloons. “Macys Day Parade” redirects here. ... Thanksgiving is a holiday celebrated in much of North America, generally observed as an expression of gratitude, usually to God. ...

A crowd in Times Square awaits the countdown to the start of 2006.

A major component of New Year's Eve celebrations in the United States is the "ball dropping" on top of One Times Square that is broadcast live on national television. A 1,070-pound, 6-foot-diameter Waterford crystal ball, high above Times Square, is lowered starting at 23:59:00 and reaching the bottom of its tower at the stroke of midnight (00:00:00). The custom derives from the time signal that used to be given at noon to ships in New York Harbor. From 1982 to 1988, New York City dropped a large apple in recognition of its nickname, "The Big Apple." Dick Clark has hosted televised coverage of the event since 1972 with his show, Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve. For about four decades, until one year before his death in 1977, Canadian violinist and bandleader Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians serenaded the United States from the ballroom of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel on Park Avenue. Their recording of the traditional song Auld Lang Syne still plays as the first song of the new year in Times Square. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 613 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 613 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... For other uses, see Times Square (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other articles with similar names, see New Year (disambiguation). ... The world-famous Waterford Crystal Ball is lowered in Times Square, New York City, on New Years Eve Each year on New Year’s Eve celebration in Times Square in Manhattan, New York City, a Ball made of crystal and electric lights is raised to the top of a... An up close image of the East face of One Times Square. ... The world-famous Waterford Crystal Ball is lowered in Times Square, New York City, on New Years Eve Waterford Crystal is a trademark brand of crystal glassware produced in Waterford, Ireland, by the company Waterford Wedgwood plc. ... For other uses, see Times Square (disambiguation). ... New York Harbor, a geographic term, refers collectively to the rivers, bays, and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City. ... For other persons named Dick Clark, see Dick Clark (disambiguation). ... Dick Clarks New Years Rockin Eve is a television program, which airs every New Years Eve on ABC. It has been hosted by American television legend Dick Clark since its first airing on December 31, 1972. ... Guy Lombardo, photographed by William P. Gottlieb, 1947 Gaetano Alberto Guy Lombardo (June 19, 1902 – November 5, 1977) was a Canadian bandleader and violinist. ... The hotels name with a single hyphen is engraved and gilded over the entrance. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The city in popular culture

Taxi Driver showed a violent, if not totally realistic, vision of the New York of the 1970s.

Because of its sheer size and cultural influence, New York has been the subject of many different, and often contradictory, portrayals in mass media. From the sophisticated and worldly metropolis seen in many Woody Allen films, to the hellish and chaotic urban jungle depicted in such movies as Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver, New York has served as the unwitting backdrop for virtually every conceivable viewpoint on big city life. A film poster for Taxi Driver, contended as fair use. ... A film poster for Taxi Driver, contended as fair use. ... This article is about the 1976 American film. ... Woody Allen (born Allen Stewart Königsberg on December 1, 1935) is a three-time Academy Award-winning American film director, writer, actor, jazz musician, comedian, and playwright. ... Martin Marcantonio Luciano Scorsese (IPA: AmE: ; Ita: []) (born November 17, 1942) is an American film director, writer and producer and founder of the World Cinema Foundation. ... This article is about the 1976 American film. ...

In the early years of film New York City was characterized as urbane and sophisticated. By the city's crisis period in the 1970s, however, films like Midnight Cowboy, The French Connection, and Death Wish showed New York as full of chaos and violence. With the city's renaissance in the 1980s and 1990s came new portrayals on television; Friends, Seinfeld, and Sex and the City showed life in the city to be glamorous and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate number of crime dramas, such as Law & Order, continue to make criminality in the city as their subject even as New York has become the safest large city in the United States in the last two decades.^[18] This article is about the 1969 film. ... The French Connection is a 1971 Hollywood film directed by William Friedkin. ... Death Wish is a 1974 film based on the 1972 novel by Brian Garfield. ... For friendship, see friendship. ... Seinfeld is an Emmy Award-winning, American sitcom that originally aired on NBC from July 5, 1989, to May 14, 1998, running a total of 9 seasons. ... Sex and the City is a popular American cable television program. ... This article is about the original television series. ... The following table of 2005 homicides is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics that initially became available in September 2006. ...

An essay appearing in the Arts section of the New York Times in April 2006 quoted several filmmakers, including Sidney Lumet and Paul Mazursky, describing how modern cinema shows the city as far more "teeming, terrifying, exhilarating, unforgiving" than contemporary New York actually is, and the consequential challenge this poses for filmmakers.^[19] The article quotes Robert Greenhut, Woody Allen's producer, as saying that despite the increased sanitization of modern New York, "New Yorkers' personalities are different to Chicago. There's a certain kind of vibrancy and tone that you can't get elsewhere. The labor pool is more interesting than elsewhere — the salesgirl with one line, or the cop. That's who directors are looking for." Portrait of Sidney Lumet, May 7, 1939. ... Paul Mazursky (born April 25, 1930) is an American actor and film director. ... Woody Allen (born Allen Stewart Königsberg on December 1, 1935) is a three-time Academy Award-winning American film director, writer, actor, jazz musician, comedian, and playwright. ...

James Sanders, editor of Scenes From the City: Filmmaking in New York, 1966-2006, is quoted in the article as predicting that future films in New York City will move away from the well-worn setting of upper-middle class Manhattan neighborhoods to the outer boroughs, where they will begin examining the crosscurrents emanating from ethnic neighborhoods in Brooklyn, Queens and the Bronx.

See also: Category:New York City in popular culture

See also

• Media of New York City
• List of famous New Yorkers
• Public Art Fund
• New York City arts organizations
• Culture of The Bronx
• Culture of Brooklyn
• Culture of Manhattan
• Culture of Queens
• Culture of Staten Island

The media of New York City is internationally influential, with some of the most important newspapers, largest publishing houses, most prolific television studios, and biggest record companies in the world. ... This is a list of famous people from New York City. ... Public Art Fund project at Lincoln Center: Nancy Rubinss Big Pleasure Point, August 2006 The Public Art Fund is a non-profit organization founded in 1977 by Doris Freedman (d. ... The City of New York is home to many arts organizations. ... For other uses, see Bronx (disambiguation). ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Queens (disambiguation) and Queen. ... This article is about the borough in New York City. ...

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Center for an Urban Future. "Creative New York", 2005-12. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. 
2. ^ People's Poetry. The 9/11 poem can be read here.
3. ^ Dictionary.com. See here
4. ^ ^{a b} Unterberger, Richie (1999). The Rough Guide to Music USA. Rough Guides. ISBN 9781858284217. , pgs. 1-65
5. ^ ^{a b c} Struble, John Warthen (1996). The History of American Classical Music. Checkmark Books. ISBN 0816034931. 
6. ^ Struble, John Warthen (1996). The History of American Classical Music. Checkmark Books. ISBN 0816034931. , p 122.
7. ^ Toop, David (1992). Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop. Serpents Tail. ISBN 1852422432. 
8. ^ Metropolitan Transportation Authority. "Music Under New York", 2007. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. 
9. ^ ^{a b} "A History of Graffiti in Its Own Words", New York Magazine, 2006-07-10. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. 
10. ^ ^{a b} National Public Radio. "Present at the Creation", 2002-10-14. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. 
11. ^ Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre, and Broadcasting. "New York City Film Statistics". Retrieved on 2007-02-19. 
12. ^ Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre and Broadcasting. "New York City sets Record in 2006 for Highest Number of Film Production Days Ever", 2007-01-18. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. 
13. ^ ^{a b c} The New York Times. "Build Your Dream, Hold Your Breath", 2006-08-06. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. 
14. ^ Gotham Gazette. "Arts Funding, Transformed", 2007-01. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. 
15. ^ New York City Department of Cultural Affairs. "FY07 Budget for the Department of Cultural Affairs". Retrieved on 2007-02-14. 
16. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
17. ^ MSNC. "The City that can Never Sleep", 2004-08-02. Retrieved on 2007-02-16. 
18. ^ Federal Bureau of Investigation. "Offense Tabluations: Crime in the United States", 2004. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. 
19. ^ The New York Times. "New York City as Film Set: From Mean Streets to Clean Streets", 2006-04-30. Retrieved on 2006-05-02. 

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ...

External links

• 1970s SoHo nightlife Alan Tannenbaum's photography of New York's nightlife in the 1970s. Warning: some photos are graphic.

Partial list of major international cultural centers in New York City

• Scandinavia House
• Tenri Cultural Institute
• French Institute Alliance Francaise
• Goethe-Institut New York
• Swiss Institute
• New York Chinese Cultural Center
• The Ukrainian Museum
• Polish Cultural Institute
• Italian Cultural Institute
• Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
• Instituto Cervantes-Nueva York

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