The Culture of Poland is closely connected with its intricate 1000 year history. The culture of Poland has a lot to do with everything in Poland.^[1] Its unique character developed at the crossroads of the Latinate and Byzantine worlds, in continual dialog with the many ethnic groups living in Poland.^[2] The people of Poland have always been hospitable to artists from abroad and eager to follow cultural and artistic trends popular in other countries. In the 19th and 20th centuries the Polish focus on cultural advancement often took precedence over political and economic activity. These factors have contributed to the versatile nature of Polish art, with all its complex nuances.^[2] For other uses, see Culture (disambiguation). ... Humans have lived on the lands of todays Poland for the past half a million years or more, highly developed agricultural people for the last 7500 years, the Slavic people have settled in this territory for over 1500 years. ... Latin is the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Byzantine redirects here. ...

Customs

Dialog and the interpenetration of cultures have been a major characteristic of Polish tradition for centuries. Customs, manners, and style of clothing have reflected the influences of East and West. The traditional costumes worn by the nobility in the 16th and 17th centuries were inspired by rich Eastern ornamental style with its Islamic influences. The style of clothing is called Goral (Pronounced GOO-RAL)^[2]. Polish cuisine is yet another aspect of Poland's cultural identity. Distinctive Polish foods include kielbasa, pierogi (pierożki), pyzy (meat-filled dough balls), kopytka, gołąbki (pronounced Go-waunm-b-ki), śledzie (sh-ledje-eh), bigos, kotlety (schabowy and mielony) and much more.^[3] StanisÅ‚aw Antoni Szczuka, a Polish nobleman Szlachta ( ) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the two countries that later jointly formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Polish cuisine (Polish: kuchnia polska) is a mixture of Slavic, Jewish and foreign culinary traditions. ... For the Polish officer, see WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw KieÅ‚basa. ... Pierogi frying A plateful of Pierogi Pierogi (also perogi, perogy, pirohi, piroghi, pirogi, pirogen, piroshke or pyrohy), from the Proto-Slavic pir (festivity) is the name most commonly used in English speaking areas to refer to a variety of Slavic semicircular (or, in some cuisines, square) stuffed dumplings of unleavened... Kopytka (literally little hooves) are a kind of Polish potato dumpling. ... GoÅ‚Ä…bki is a hearty traditional Polish dish consisting of boiled cabbage leaves stuffed with ground beef, chopped onions, and rice, baked in a spicy tomato sauce. ... Bigos is a traditional stew typical of Polish and Lithuanian cuisine that many consider as Polands national dish. ...

Architecture

Main article: Architecture of Poland

Polish cities and towns reflect the whole spectrum of European styles. Poland's Eastern frontiers used to mark the outermost boundary of the influences of Western architecture on the continent. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...   Table of architecture, Cyclopaedia, 1728 Architectural history studies the evolution and history of architecture across the world through a consideration of various influences- artistic, cultural, political, economic and technological. ...

History has not been good to Poland's architectural monuments. However, a number of ancient structures have survived: castles, churches, and stately buildings, often unique in the regional or European context. Some of them have been painstakingly restored, like Wawel Castle, or completely reconstructed after being destroyed in the Second World War, including the Old Town and Royal Castle in Warsaw, as well as the Old Towns of Gdańsk and Wrocław. The centre of Kazimierz Dolny on the Vistula is a good example of a well-preserved medieval town. Poland's ancient capital, Kraków, ranks among the best-preserved Gothic and Renaissance urban complexes in Europe. Meanwhile, the legacy of the Kresy Marchlands of Poland's eastern regions with Wilno and Lwów (now Vilnius and Lviv) as two major centres for the arts, played a special role in these developments with Roman-Catholic church architecture deserving special attention.^[2] In Vilnius (Lithuania) there are about 40 baroque and Renaissance churches. In Lviv (Ukraine) there are Gothic, Renaissance, and baroque urban complexes with influences of the orthodox and Armenian church. The Wawel Castle (Polish: Zamek wawelski) is in Kraków, Poland, and served as a royal residence and the site where the countrys rulers governed Poland for five centuries from 1038 until 1596. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Panorama: Old Town Market Place, Warsaw (Rynek Starego Miasta). ... Royal Castle in Warsaw Royal Castle after the Warsaw Uprising Royal Castle in Warsaw (Polish Zamek Królewski), is the royal palace and official residence of the Polish monarchs, in Warsaw. ... For alternative meanings of GdaÅ„sk and Danzig, see GdaÅ„sk (disambiguation) and Danzig (disambiguation) Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (No rashness, no timidness) Coordinates: , Country Voivodeship Powiat city county Gmina GdaÅ„sk Established 10th century City Rights 1263 Government  - Mayor PaweÅ‚ Adamowicz Area  - City 262 km²  (101. ... Motto: Miasto spotkaÅ„ (the meeting place) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lower Silesian Powiat city county Gmina WrocÅ‚aw Established 10th century City Rights 1262 Government  - Mayor RafaÅ‚ Dutkiewicz Area  - City 292. ... Categories: Poland-related stubs ... For other uses, see Vistula (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Krakow (disambiguation). ... The western facade of Reims Cathedral, France. ... This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ... Polish voivodeships 1922-1939. ... The Roman Catholic Church believes its founding was based on Jesus appointment of Saint Peter as the primary church leader, later Bishop of Rome. ... Not to be confused with Vilnius city municipality. ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... The western facade of Reims Cathedral, France. ... This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ...

One of the best-preserved examples of the Modernist architecture in Europe is located in Katowice, Upper Silesia, designed and built in the 1930s. Interesting buildings were also constructed during the Communist era in the style of Socialist Realism; while some remarkable examples of modern architecture were erected more recently. Modern architecture is a broad term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament, that first arose around 1900. ... Osiedle TysiÄ…clecia at night Coordinates: , Country Voivodeship Powiat city county Gmina Katowice Established 16th century City Rights 1865 Government  - Mayor Piotr Uszok Area  - City 164. ... Map of Upper Silesia, 1746 Upper Silesia (Czech: ; German: ; Latin: Silesia Superior; Polish: ; Silesian: Gůrny Åšlůnsk) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Lower Silesia is to the northwest. ... Roses for Stalin, Boris Vladimirski, 1949 For other meanings of the term realism, see realism (disambiguation). ...

Art

Stańczyk, painted by Jan Matejko.

Polish art has always reflected European trends while maintaining its unique character. The Kraków school of Historicist painting developed by Jan Matejko produced monumental portrayals of customs and significant events in Polish history. Stanisław Witkiewicz was an ardent supporter of Realism in Polish art, its main representative being Jozef Chełmoński. The Młoda Polska (Young Poland) movement witnessed the birth of modern Polish art, and engaged in a great deal of formal experimentation led by Jacek Malczewski (Symbolism), Stanisław Wyspiański, Józef Mehoffer, and a group of Polish Impressionists. Artists of the twentieth-century Avant-Garde represented various schools and trends. The art of Tadeusz Makowski was influenced by Cubism; while Władysław Strzemiński and Henryk Stażewski worked within the Constructivist idiom. Distinguished contemporary artists include Roman Opałka, Leon Tarasewicz, Jerzy Nowosielski, Wojciech Siudmak, and Mirosław Bałka and Katarzyna Kozyra in the younger generation. The most celebrated Polish sculptors include Xawery Dunikowski, Katarzyna Kobro, Alina Szapocznikow and Magdalena Abakanowicz. Since the inter-war years, Polish art and documentary photography has enjoyed worldwide recognition. In the sixties the Polish Poster School was formed, with Henryk Tomaszewski and Waldemar Świerzy at its head.^[2] Image File history File links Stanczyk_Matejko. ... Image File history File links Stanczyk_Matejko. ... StaÅ„czyk by Jan Matejko The jester is the only person at a royal ball to become worried after the news that the city of Smolensk was captured by the Russians reaches the court. ... Jan Matejko , self-portrait. ... For other uses, see Krakow (disambiguation). ... Jan Matejko , self-portrait. ... Spring Fog, 1893. ... For other uses, see Realism (disambiguation). ... Autoportrait, Józef CheÅ‚moÅ„ski Józef Marian CheÅ‚moÅ„ski (1849–1905) was a Polish painter. ... Young Poland (Polish Młoda Polska) is a modernist period in Polish art, literature and music, covering roughly the years between 1890 and 1918. ... Jacek Malczewski (b. ... Self-portrait of StanisÅ‚aw WyspiaÅ„ski An old Polish banknote StanisÅ‚aw WyspiaÅ„ski (January 15, 1869, Kraków – November 28, 1907, Kraków) was a Polish dramatist, poet, painter, architect. ... Wawel Cathedral in Krakow, Jozef Mehoffer Józef Mehoffer (1869-1946) was a Polish painter and decorative artist, one of the leading artists of the Young Poland movement and one of the most revered Polish artists of his time. ... See also Impressionist (entertainment): A girl with a watering can by Renoir, 1876 Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, which began as a private association of Paris-based artists who exhibited publicly in 1874. ... Self Portrait Tadeusz Makowski (1882-1932) was a prominent Polish painter active in France for most of his life. ... Georges Braque, Woman with a guitar, 1913 Cubism was a 20th century art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. ... Wladyslaw Strzeminski (1893-1952) was a Polish avante-garde painter of international renown. ... Henryk Stażewski (1894-1988) was a Polish painter, considered to be a pioneer of the classical avant-garde of the 1920s and 1930s. ... Roman OpaÅ‚ka (1931-) is a famous French painter of Polish origin. ... Jerzy Nowosielski (b. ... MirosÅ‚aw BaÅ‚ka (1958-) is a famous contemporary Polish painter and sculptor. ... Katarzyna Kozyra is one of main Polish video artists. ... Xawery Dunikowski (December 24, 1875-January 26, 1964) was a Polish sculptor and artist best known for his Neo-Romantic sculptures and Auschwitz inspired art. ... Katarzyna Kobro (1898-1951) was a Russian sculptor of Polish descent, considered to be one of the greatest female Polish sculptors. ... Alina Szapocznikow (sometimes called Szaposznikow) (1926-1973) - Polish sculptor As Jewish imprisoned in Pabianice and Łódź ghettos and in Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen and Theresienstadt Nazi concentration camps. ... Abakany in Poznan Magdalena Abakanowicz (born June 20, 1930) is an abstract Polish sculptor. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Literature

Monument at Main Market Square in Kraków of Adam Mickiewicz, one of the greatest Polish poets.

The origins of Polish literature written in the first language go back beyond the 14th century. In the 16th century the poetic works of Jan Kochanowski established him as a leading representative of European Renaissance literature. Baroque and Neo-Classicist belle letters made a significant contribution to the cementing of Poland's peoples of many cultural backgrounds. The early 19th century novel "Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse" by Count Jan Potocki, which survived in its Polish translation after the loss of the original in French, became a world classic. Wojciech Has' film based on it, a favourite of Luis Buñuel, later became a cult film on university campuses. Poland's great Romantic literature flourished in the 19th century when the country had lost its independence. The poets Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki and Zygmunt Krasiński, the "Three Bards", became the spiritual leaders of a nation deprived of its sovereignty, and prophesied its revival. The novelist Henryk Sienkiewicz, who won the Nobel Prize in 1905, eulogised the historical tradition. It is difficult to grasp fully the detailed tradition of Polish Romanticism and its consequences for Polish literature without a thorough knowledge of Polish history.^[2] Download high resolution version (522x800, 72 KB)(With permission, Author: Marek i Ewa Wojciechowscy, http://www. ... Download high resolution version (522x800, 72 KB)(With permission, Author: Marek i Ewa Wojciechowscy, http://www. ... Rynek Główny. ... Adam Mickiewicz. ... Poets who wrote or write much of their poetry in the Polish language. ... Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. ... “Native Language” redirects here. ... Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (1530 - August 22, 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet and writer. ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ... The Manuscript Found in Saragossa (original French title Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse, also known in English as Saragossa Manuscript), by the Polish author Jan Potocki (1761-1815), is a frame tale novel from the period of the Napoleonic Wars. ... Noble Family Potocki Coat of Arms PiÅ‚awa Parents StanisÅ‚aw Potocki Anna Teresa OssoliÅ„ska Consorts Julia Lubomirska Konstancja Potocka Children with Julia Lubomirska Alfred Wojciech Potocki Artur Potocki with Konstancja Potocka Bernard Potocki Irena Potocka Teresa Potocka Date of Birth March 3, 1761 Place of Birth Leżajsk... Wojciech Jerzy Has (born April 1, 1925 in Kraków - died October 3, 2000 in Łódź, Poland) was a Polish director, screenwriter and producer. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Adam Mickiewicz. ... Juliusz SÅ‚owacki. ... Noble Family KrasiÅ„ski Coat of Arms Åšlepowron Parents Wincenty KrasiÅ„ski Maria Urszula RadziwiÅ‚Å‚. Consorts Eliza Branicka Children with Eliza Branicka Wladyslaw KrasiÅ„ski Zygmunt Jerzy Krasinski Maria Beatrix Krasinska Eliza Krasinska Date of Birth February 19, 1812 Place of Birth Paris Date of Death February 23, 1859 Place... The Three Bards (Polish trzej wieszcze) are the three national poets of Polish literature. ... Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (IPA: [], artistic name: “Litwos”, IPA: []) ( May 5, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Congress Poland, - November 15, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland), Oszyk Coat of Arms, was a Polish novelist and publicist. ... The Nobel Prize (Swedish: ) was established in Alfred Nobels will in 1895, and it was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. ... Romanticism in Poland was eventually followed with the period known as positivism in Poland. ... Humans have lived on the lands of todays Poland for the past half a million years or more, highly developed agricultural people for the last 7500 years, the Slavic people have settled in this territory for over 1500 years. ...

In the early 20th century many outstanding Polish literary works emerged from the new cultural exchange and Avant-Garde experimentation. The legacy of the Kresy Marchlands of Poland's Eastern regions with Wilno and Lwów (now Vilnius and Lviv) as two major centres for the arts, played a special role in these developments. This was also a region in which Jewish tradition and the mystic movement of Hasidism thrived. The Kresy were a cultural trysting-place for numerous ethnic and national groups whose achievements were inspiring each other. The works of Bruno Schulz, Bolesław Leśmian, and Józef Czechowicz were written there. In the south of Poland, Zakopane was the birthplace of the avant-garde works of Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy). And, last but not least, there was Władysław Reymont awarded 1924 Nobel prize in literature for his novel Chłopi (The Peasants). Polish voivodeships 1922-1939. ... Vilnius Old Town Vilnius (sometimes Vilna; Polish Wilno, Belarusian Вільня, Russian Вильнюс, see also Cities alternative names) is the capital city of Lithuania. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... Hasidic Judaism (Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות) is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. ... Bruno Schulz (July 12, 1892 – November 19, 1942) was a Polish writer, literary critic and graphic artist, widely considered to be one of the greatest Polish prose stylists of the 20th century. ... BolesÅ‚aw LeÅ›mian (born BolesÅ‚aw Lesman; 1878-1937) was a Polish poet, artist and member of the Polish Academy of Literature. ... Coordinates: , Country Voivodeship Powiat Tatra County Gmina Zakopane Estabilished 17th century City Rights 1933 Government  - Mayor Janusz Majcher Area  - Town 84 km²  (32. ... Self-portrait of Witkacy, 1938 StanisÅ‚aw Ignacy Witkiewicz, a. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw StanisÅ‚aw Reymont WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw StanisÅ‚aw Reymont (May 7, 1867 – December 5, 1925) (the actual name was Rejment) was a Polish writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1924. ...

After the Second World War many Polish writers found themselves in exile, with many of them clustered around the Paris-based "Kultura" publishing venture run by Jerzy Giedroyc. The group of emigre writers included Witold Gombrowicz, Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, Czesław Miłosz, and Sławomir Mrożek. Jerzy Giedroyc in his office, France, 1997. ... Witold Marian Gombrowicz (August 4, 1904 in MaÅ‚oszyce, near Kielce, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – July 24, 1969 in Vence, near Nice, France) was a Polish novelist and dramatist. ... Gustaw Herling GrudziÅ„ski (b. ... CzesÅ‚aw MiÅ‚osz  ; (June 30, 1911 – August 14, 2004), was a Polish poet, writer, academic, and translator. ... SÅ‚awomir Mrożek, Warsaw (Poland), 20. ...

Zbigniew Herbert, Tadeusz Różewicz, Czesław Miłosz, and Wisława Szymborska are among the most outstanding 20th century Polish poets, including novelists and playwrights Witold Gombrowicz, Sławomir Mrożek, and Stanisław Lem (science fiction). The long list includes Hanna Krall whose reportage focuses mainly on the war-time Jewish experience, and Ryszard Kapuściński with books translated into many languages. Young Zbigniew Herbert Herberts family Zbigniew Herbert (29 October 1924 in Lwów - 28 July 1998 in Warsaw) was an influential Polish poet, essayist and moralist. ... Tadeusz Różewicz and Günter Grass, 2006 Tadeusz Różewicz (b. ... CzesÅ‚aw MiÅ‚osz  ; (June 30, 1911 – August 14, 2004), was a Polish poet, writer, academic, and translator. ... WisÅ‚awa Szymborska WisÅ‚awa Szymborska (IPA: [], born July 2, 1923, Bnin - now a district of Kórnik), Poland) is a Polish poet, essayist and translator. ... A novel is an extended work of written, narrative, prose fiction, usually in story form; the writer of a novel is a novelist. ... A playwright is an author of plays for performance in the theater. ... Witold Marian Gombrowicz (August 4, 1904 in MaÅ‚oszyce, near Kielce, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – July 24, 1969 in Vence, near Nice, France) was a Polish novelist and dramatist. ... SÅ‚awomir Mrożek, Warsaw (Poland), 20. ... StanisÅ‚aw Lem ( , September 12, 1921 – March 27, 2006) was a Polish science fiction, philosophical and satirical writer. ... List of Polish language authors This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Hanna Krall (born 1937 in Warsaw) is a Polish writer. ... Ryszard KapuÅ›ciÅ„ski   (March 4, 1932 - January 23, 2007) was a popular Polish journalist, author, publicist and poet both at home and abroad. ...

• Polish Nobel Prize in Literature laureates
  • Henryk Sienkiewicz (1905)
  • Władysław Reymont (1924)
  • Czesław Miłosz (1980)
  • Wisława Szymborska (1996)

René-François-Armand Prudhomme (1839–1907), a French poet and essayist, was the first person to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1901, in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart... Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (IPA: [], artistic name: “Litwos”, IPA: []) ( May 5, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Congress Poland, - November 15, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland), Oszyk Coat of Arms, was a Polish novelist and publicist. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw StanisÅ‚aw Reymont WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw StanisÅ‚aw Reymont (May 7, 1867 – December 5, 1925) (the actual name was Rejment) was a Polish writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1924. ... CzesÅ‚aw MiÅ‚osz  ; (June 30, 1911 – August 14, 2004), was a Polish poet, writer, academic, and translator. ... WisÅ‚awa Szymborska WisÅ‚awa Szymborska (IPA: [], born July 2, 1923, Bnin - now a district of Kórnik), Poland) is a Polish poet, essayist and translator. ...

Music

Fryderyk Chopin was the most important Polish composer.

The music of Fryderyk Chopin, inspired by Polish tradition and folklore, conveys the quintessence of Romanticism. Since 1927, the International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition has been held every five years in Warsaw. Polish classical music is also represented by composers like Karol Szymanowski, Mieczysław Karłowicz, Witold Lutosławski, Wojciech Kilar, Henryk Mikołaj Górecki, and Krzysztof Penderecki - all of whom rank among the world's most celebrated composers. (An album of Górecki's Symphony No. 3, subtitled Symphony of Sorrowful Songs, has sold over 700,000 copies.) Contemporary Polish jazz with its special national flavour has fans and followers in many countries. The best-known jazzmen are Krzysztof Komeda, Michał Urbaniak, Adam Makowicz, and Tomasz Stańko. Successful composers of film music include Jan A.P. Kaczmarek, Wojciech Kilar, Czesław Niemen and Zbigniew Preisner, Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2536x3391, 757 KB) Description: Title: de: Porträt des Frédéric Chopin Technique: de: Leinwand Dimensions: de: 46 × 38 cm Country of origin: de: Frankreich Current location (city): de: Paris Current location (gallery): de: Musée du Louvre Other notes... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2536x3391, 757 KB) Description: Title: de: Porträt des Frédéric Chopin Technique: de: Leinwand Dimensions: de: 46 × 38 cm Country of origin: de: Frankreich Current location (city): de: Paris Current location (gallery): de: Musée du Louvre Other notes... Chopin redirects here. ... List of Polish composers: 19th century Frederic Chopin, (1810-1849) Stanislaw Moniuszko 20th century Mieczyslaw Karlowicz (Mieczysław Karłowicz) Karol Szymanowski, (1882-1937) Krzysztof Komeda Witold Lutoslawski (Witold Lutosławski) Andrzej Panufnik Krzysztof Penderecki, (born 1933) Henryk Górecki (Henryk Mikołaj Górecki) Zygmunt Konieczny Wojciech Kilar Zbigniew Preisner See also: List of famous... Chopin redirects here. ... The International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition is one of the oldest and the most prestigious piano competition in the world, organized in Warsaw since 1927 and held every 5 years since 1955. ... For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Karol Szymanowski Karol Szymanowski Karol Maciej Korwin-Szymanowski (October 6, 1882–March 28, 1937) was a Polish composer and pianist. ... MieczysÅ‚aw KarÅ‚owicz (December 11, 1876 - February 8, 1909) was a Polish composer, born in the Polish province of Vilna. ... Witold LutosÅ‚awski at his home. ... Photograph of Wojciech Kilar. ... Henryk Górecki. ... Krzysztof Penderecki. ... Cover of the 1992 release of , conducted by David Zinman Symphony No. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... Krzysztof Komeda Krzysztof Komeda (b. ... MichaÅ‚ Urbaniak (b. ... Adam Makowicz is a Polish pianist, who plays mostly jazz. ... Tomasz StaÅ„ko (born 11 July 1942 in Rzeszów) is a renowned Polish jazz trumpet player, composer, and pioneer of the jazz avant-garde. ... Jan A. P. Kaczmarek Jan A.P. Kaczmarek (b. ... Photograph of Wojciech Kilar. ... CzesÅ‚aw Niemen (real name CzesÅ‚aw Juliusz Wydrzycki) (February 16, 1939 - January 17, 2004) was one of the most important and original Polish rock musicians, singing mainly in the Polish language. ... Zbigniew Preisner (born May 20 in Bielsko-BiaÅ‚a, 1955) is one of Polands leading film score composers, best known for his work with director Krzysztof KieÅ›lowski. ...

Film

Graduates of the famous Łódź Film School include many celebrated directors, among them Roman Polański (Knife in the Water, Rosemary's Baby, Frantic, The Pianist) and Krzysztof Zanussi, a leading director of the cinema of moral anxiety of the 70s. Andrzej Wajda's films offer an insightful analysis of what is universal in the Polish experience - the struggle to maintain human dignity under circumstances which hardly allow it. His major films describe the identity of many of Poland's generations. In 2000 Wajda was awarded an Oscar for his contribution to cinema. In the 90s the films of Krzysztof Kieślowski, such as The Decalogue (made for television), The Double Life of Véronique and the Three Colors trilogy, won great popularity. Other Polish film directors such as Agnieszka Holland and Janusz Kamiński have worked in Hollywood as well. Polish animated films - represented by Jan Lenica and Zbigniew Rybczyński (awarded an Oscar in 1983) - have a long tradition, and derivie inspiration from Poland's graphic arts. The National Film School in Lodz - Poland () - one of the most famous film schools on the world. ... Roman Raymond PolaÅ„ski (born August 18, 1933) is an Academy Award-winning Polish–French film director and actor. ... Knife in the Water is a 1962 film directed by Roman Polanski. ... Rosemarys Baby is an Academy Award-winning 1968 horror film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Mia Farrow. ... This is a trivia section. ... The Pianist is a 2002 film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Adrien Brody. ... Krzysztof Zanussi, (b. ... Andrzej Wajda (born March 6, 1926 in SuwaÅ‚ki) is a Polish film director. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Krzysztof KieÅ›lowski   (June 27, 1941 Warsaw, Poland – March 13, 1996 Warsaw, Poland) was an influential Oscar-nominated Polish film director and screenwriter, known internationally for his film cycles Three Colors and The Decalogue. ... Dekalog (The Decalogue) (1988) is a Polish film series, originally made as a television miniseries, directed by Krzysztof KieÅ›lowski and co-written by KieÅ›lowski with Krzysztof Piesiewicz, with music by Zbigniew Preisner. ... La Double vie de Véronique (The Double Life of Véronique; Polish title, Podwójne życie Weroniki) is a 1991 French- and Polish-language film directed by Krzysztof KieÅ›lowski, co-written by KieÅ›lowski and Krzysztof Piesiewicz, starring Irène Jacob, with music by Zbigniew Preisner. ... Three Colors is the collective title of three films directed by Krzysztof KieÅ›lowski, two made in French and one primarily in Polish: Trois couleurs: Bleu (Blue) (1993), Trzy kolory: BiaÅ‚y (White) (in French: Blanc) (1994), and Trois couleurs: Rouge (Red) (1994). ... Agnieszka Holland (born November 28, 1948 in Warsaw, Poland) is a film and TV director and screenplay writer. ... Janusz Zygmunt KamiÅ„ski (born June 27, 1959) is an Oscar winning cinematographer and film director who has photographed all of Steven Spielbergs movies since 1993s Schindlers List. ... ... Jan Lenica (1928-2001) was a Polish poster illustrator. ... Zbigniew RybczyÅ„ski is a filmmaker who has won numerous prestigious industry awards internationally. ...

Theatre

The Polish avant-garde theatre is world-famous, with Jerzy Grotowski as its most innovative and creative representative. One of the most original twentieth-century theatre personalities was Tadeusz Kantor, painter, theoretician of drama, stage designer, and playwright, his ideas finding their culmination in the theatre of death and his most recognised production being "Umarła klasa" (Dead Class). There is no strict division in Poland between theatre and film actors, therefore many stage artists are known to viewers the world over, for instance from the films of Andrzej Wajda (e. ... Jerzy Grotowski (11 August 1933 – 14 January 1999) was a Polish theatre director and a leading figure in avant garde theatre of the 20th century. ... Tadeusz Kantor (April 6, 1915 – December 8, 1990) was a Polish painter, scene designer and theatre director. ...

Museums and Festivals Poland offers a wide spectrum of cultural experience. Those interested in high culture will enjoy the renowned music festivals like Wratislavia Cantans and the Warsaw Autumn. Polish museums exhibit remarkable art collections - masterpieces including Leonardo da Vinci's Lady with an Ermine at the Czartoryski Museum in Kraków; the Veit Stoss High Altar in St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków; and the Last Judgement by Hans Memling (The National Museum in Gdańsk). Ethnographic museums and open-air site-seeing museums also hold attractive collections. The panorama of Polish culture is completed by a medley of local festivals The Wratislavia Cantans is an international music and fine arts festival in WrocÅ‚aw, Poland organised since 1966. ... Cover for the CD of the 2001 Warsaw Autumn festival. ... “Da Vinci” redirects here. ... Lady with an Ermine, Czartoryski Museum, Kraków | title=Lady with an Ermine | artist=Leonardo da Vinci | year=1485 | type=oil on wood panel | height=54 | width=39 | museum=Czartoryski Museum]], Kraków}} The Lady with an Ermine is a 1485 painting by Leonardo da Vinci. ... Entry to Czartoryski Museum, Kraków, early June 2005 The Czartoryski Museum was founded in 1796 by Princess Izabela Czartoryska to preserve Polish heritage in keeping with the Princess motto: The Past to the Future. The first objects in the so-called Temple of Memory were trophies commemorating the victory... Veit Stoss painted by Jan Matejko Veit Stoss (Polish: Wit Stwosz) (ca. ... St. ... St Ursula Shrine by Hans Memling (1489) Gilded and painted wood, 87 x 33 x 91 cm Memlingmuseum, Sint-Janshospitaal, Bruges Hans Memling (Memlinc) (c. ... For alternative meanings of GdaÅ„sk and Danzig, see GdaÅ„sk (disambiguation) and Danzig (disambiguation) Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (No rashness, no timidness) Coordinates: , Country Voivodeship Powiat city county Gmina GdaÅ„sk Established 10th century City Rights 1263 Government  - Mayor PaweÅ‚ Adamowicz Area  - City 262 km²  (101. ...

Main areas of interest

// Directors Józef Arkusz StanisÅ‚aw Bareja Aleksander Ford Wojciech Has Agnieszka Holland Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Kawalerowicz Krzysztof KieÅ›lowski -- The Three Colors trilogy, The Decalogue Jan Jakub Kolski Kazimierz Kutz Juliusz Machulski Andrzej Munk Marek Piwowski Roman PolaÅ„ski Ladislas Starevich Wladyslaw Starewicz Andrzej Wajda Krzysztof Zanussi Andrzej Zulawski... Education in Poland starts at the age of 7 years of primary school (Polish szkoÅ‚a podstawowa). ... Holidays in Poland are regulated by the Non-working Days Act of 18 January 1951 (Ustawa z dnia 18 stycznia 1951 o dniach wolnych od pracy) — Journal of Laws, No. ... This is a partial list of famous Polish, Polish-speaking/writing people, and people born in Poland. ... There are a number of radio stations broadcasting in the Polish language, both inside Poland and in the United States. ... // Poland has instituted freedom of press since the fall of communism. ... Polish cuisine (Polish: kuchnia polska) is a mixture of Slavic, Jewish and foreign culinary traditions. ... This is a list of ethnic, folk, traditional, regional, or otherwise traditionally assiciated with a particular ethnicity, dances , grouped by ethnicity, country or region. ... Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. ... Polish Radio and Television (Polish: Polskie Radio i Telewizja) is a public-service broadcaster in Poland. ... There is no strict division in Poland between theatre and film actors, therefore many stage artists are known to viewers the world over, for instance from the films of Andrzej Wajda (e. ... The constitution of Poland provides for freedom of religion, and the Polish government generally respects this right in practice. ... Slavic mythology and Slavic religion evolved over more than 3,000 years. ... Sports in Poland Football in Poland Poland national football team Polish Championship in Football Polish Cup Polish SuperCup Polish Cup in women football Polish womens national football team Basketball in Poland Era Basket Liga (EBL) - Polish Basketball League (=Polska Liga Koszykówki, PLK) Torell Basket Liga (TBL) - Polish Women...

Specific articles

Smigus Dyngus (shming-oos-ding-oos) is an unusual tradition of Easter Monday. ... Dziady was an ancient Slavic feast to commemorate the dead. ... A plate of Polish pączki A queue outside a sweets bakery in Poland on Fat Thursday Fat Thursday (Polish Tłusty czwartek, German Fettdonnerstag or Schmutziger Donnerstag) is a traditional Polish and German feast marking the last Thursday before Lent. ... Chopins Polonaise - a Ball in Hôtel Lambert in Paris, water colour and gouache, 1849-1860, painted by Teofil Kwiatkowski, National Museum in Poznań. Hôtel Lambert is a palace on Île Saint-Louis in Paris and the name-sake of a Polish 19th century political faction. ... Palace on the Water, Lazienki Park, Warsaw. ... Wigilia (pronounced: /vi. ... Zaduszki in Poland Zaduszki (also dzień zaduszny) is a Polish tradition of lighting candles (znicze) and visiting the graves of the relatives on All Souls Day. ... Poezja śpiewana (meaning sung poetry in Polish) is a broad and inprecise music genre, used mostly in Poland to describe songs consisting of a poem (most often a ballad) and music written specially for that text. ... Stanisław Lem is the most famous of Polish science fiction and fantasy writers. ... There are thirteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Poland. ...

See also

• Culture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1567-1795)
• Positivism in Poland in the 19th century
• Young Poland Period (1890-1914)
• Culture of Kraków
• Polonia
• Polonization
• Slavic mythology

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other meanings of positivism, see Positivism. ... Young Poland (Polish Młoda Polska) is a modernist period in Polish art, literature and music, covering roughly the years between 1890 and 1918. ... Kraków is considered by many to be Poland’s capital of culture. ... For other uses, see Polonia (disambiguation). ... Polonization (Polish: ) is the assumption (complete or partial), of the Polish language or another real or supposed Polish attribute. ... Slavic mythology and Slavic religion evolved over more than 3,000 years. ...

References

External links

• Commonwealth of Diverse Cultures: Poland's Heritage
• Polish Culture Website
• http://www.culture.pl
• http://www.polishculture.co.uk