The culture of Portugal is rooted in the Latin culture of Ancient Rome, with a Celtiberian background (a mixture of pre-Roman Celts and Iberian). Portugal has a rich traditional folklore (Ranchos Folclóricos), with great regional variety. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Main language areas in Iberia circa 200 BC. The Celtiberians (or Celt-Iberians)[1] were a Celtic people of late La Tène culture living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain and northern Portugal, before and during the Roman Empire. ... “Celts” redirects here. ... The Lady of Baza, made by Iberians The Iberians were an ancient, Pre-Indo-European people who inhabited the east and southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in prehistoric and historic times. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Arts

Architecture

Main article: Architecture of Portugal

Since the 2nd millennium BC, there has been important construction in the area where Portugal is situated today. ...

Dance

Folk dances include: Circle dance, Fandango (of the Ribatejo region), Two Steps Waltz, Schottische (Chotiça), Corridinho (of the Algarve and Estremadura regions), Vira (of the Minho region), Bailarico, Vareirinha, Malhão, Vareira, Maneio, Vira de Cruz, Vira Solto, Vira de Macieira, Sapatinho, Tau-Tau, Ciranda, Zé que Fumas, Regadinho, O Pedreiro and Ó Ti Tirititi. There are also variations of these dances called the Xama-Rita in the Azores. Dance apparel is highly varied, ranging from work clothes to the Sunday best, with rich distinguished from the poor. Folk dancers in Prague Folk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances, mostly of European origin, that tend to share the following attributes: They were originally danced in about the 19th century or earlier (or are, in any case, not currently copyrighted); Their performance is... Circle dance, is the most common name for a style of traditional dance usually done in a circle without partners to musical accompaniment. ... Fandangos is a style of flamenco music and dance, probably derived from the jota[]. Philologists link it to the ancient Roman erotic dance known as the cordax (called iconici motus by the poet Horace and the playwright Plautus). ... Ancient province of Ribatejo The Tagus river crossing Ribatejo. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The corridinho is danced with the pairs always embraced, forming a circle, girls inside and the boys outside the circle. ... Algarve NUTS II region, and the district of Faro in Portugal. ... Estremadura Estremadura is a historical province of Portugal. ... In the English language, the normal plural of virus is viruses. This form of the plural is correct, and used most frequently, both when referring to a biological virus and when referring to a computer virus. ... Miño/Minho designates both the river as well as an adjacent Portuguese region Miño/Minho River The river is the longest in Galicia with an extension of 340 km. ... Bailarico (also known as bailharico) is a Portuguese folk dance. ...

Cinema

In the 1990’s around 10 full length fictional works were produced per annum, Portugals s filmmakers tend to be artisans. Financing of Portuguese cinema is by state grants and the from television stations. The internal market is very small and Portuguese penetration of international markets is fairly precarious. A film is considered success when it draws an audience of more than 150,000 which few Portuguese films manage.. An artisan, also called a craftsman,[1] is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ...

Director Manoel de Oliveira continues to make films at the age of ninety three and since 1990 has made an average of one film per annum. He has received international recognition awards and won the respect of the cinematography community all over the world. Retrospectives of his works have been shown at the Los Angles Film Festival (1992), the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC (1993), the San Francisco Film Festival and the Cleveland Museum of Art (1994). Despite his international recognition, the films of Oliveira (and that of other Portuguese directors) is neglected locally. Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira is a Portuguese film director born in Oporto on December 12, 1908. ... The West building of the National Gallery of Art with the East building visible behind and to to the left The National Gallery of Art is an art museum, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The museum was established in 1937 by the Congress, with funds for... Flag Seal Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location Location of Washington, D.C., with regard to the surrounding states of Maryland and Virginia. ... The San Francisco International Film Festival, first held in March of 1957 in San Francisco, was the first North American film festival. ... The Cleveland Museum of Art, South View from Wade Lagoon Located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, the Cleveland Museum of Art has a permanent collectionof more than 40,000 objects in 70 galleries. ...

João César Monteiro, a member of the generation that founded the "New Portuguese Cinema" in the 1960’s, a provocative film maker in the 1990’s made "O Último Mergulho" (1992), "A Comédia de Deus" (1995), "Le Bassin de John Wayne" (1997) and "As Bodas de Deus" (1998). "A Comédia de Deus" won the Jury’s Special Prize at the Venice Film Festival in 1995. João César Monteiro was a Portuguese film director. ... The Venice Film Festival (it: Mostra Internazionale dArte Cinematografica) is the oldest Film Festival in the World (began in the 1932) and takes place every year in late August/early September on the Lido di Venezia in the historic Palazzo del Cinema on the Lungomare Marconi, in Venice, Italy. ...

Teresa Villa Verde is a younger film maker and in the 1990s she surfaced as a director, her film (Três Irmãos, 1994) won the best actress award at the Venice Film Festival.

Comedy

A Canção de Lisboa: (lit. Lisbon Song) is a Portuguese film comedy from 1933, directed by José Cottinelli Telmo, and starring Vasco Santana and Beatriz Costa. Manoel de Oliveira had a minor role in this film.

It was the second Portuguese sound feature film (the first was A Severa, a 1931 documentary by Manoel de Oliveira, was originally filmed without soundtrack, which was added afterwards), and still is one of the best loved films in Portugal. Several of its lines and songs are still quoted today!

O Pai Tirano: (lit. The Tyrant Father) is a Portuguese film comedy from 1941, directed by António Lopes Ribeiro, starring Vasco Santana, Francisco Ribeiro and Leonor Maia. It’s one of the best known comedies of the Golden Age of Portuguese Cinema. Still popular six decades after its release. Vasco Santana (full name: Vasco António Rodrigues Santana; Lisbon, 28 January 1898 - 13 June 1958) was a Portuguese actor, one of the most renowned of the classical era of Portuguese cinema. ... Ribeirinho, stage name of Francisco Carlos Lopes Ribeiro (Lisbon, 21 September 1911 — 7 February 1984) was a Portuguese actor and director. ...

Pátio das Cantigas: (lit. The Courtyard of Songs) A comedy/ musical from 1942 directed by Francisco Ribeiro, with Vasco Santana (as Narciso), António Silva (as Evaristo), Francisco Ribeiro (as Rufino) and others. It’s a portrait of the relations between neighbours in a Lisbon courtyard. A story made of small episodes of humor, friendship, rivalry and love. António Maria da Silva (Lisbon, August 15, 1886 — Lisbon, March 3, 1970) was a great Portuguese actor. ...

Recent films

O Crime do Padre Amaro: (lit. The Crime of Father Amaro) it’s a Portuguese film (2005) adapted from a book of Eça de Queiroz, directed by Carlos Coelho da Silva. This was a low quality production sponsored by SIC (television Channel). Even so this film beat all the records of box- office of all the Portuguese films in Portugal. The main characters are Jorge Corrula as Padre Amaro and Soraia Chaves as Amélia, and the main ingredients of this film are the sex and the nudity. Soraia Chaves (born June 22, 1982 in Lisbon) is a Portuguese actress and model. ...

Zona J:is a Portuguese drama/romance film directed by Leonel Vieira in 1998, starring Sílvia Alberto as Fátima, Ana Bustorff as Conceição.

Sorte Nula: (lit. The Trunk) directed by Fernando Fragata, starring Helder Mendes, António Feio, Adelaide de Sousa, Rui Unas, Isabel Figueira, Bruno Nogueira, Carla Matadinho, Tânia Miller and Zé Pedro. Some people say that it wasn’t a good film and others affirm that was the best Portuguese film. The opinions about this film differ a lot!

Literature

Portuguese literature has developed since the 12th century from the lyrical works of João Soares de Paiva and Paio Soares de Taveirós. They wrote mostly from Portuguese oral traditions known as "cantigas de amor e amigo" and "cantigas de escárnio e maldizer" which were sung by troubadours.

Following chroniclers such as Fernão Lopes after the 14th century, fiction has its roots in chronicles and histories with theatre following Gil Vicente, whose works was critical of the society of his time. This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Gil Vicente (c. ...

Classical lyrical texts include Os Lusíadas, by Luís de Camões with other authors including Antero de Quental, Almeida Garrett and Camilo Pessanha. Monument to Luís de Camões, Lisbon Luís Vaz de Camões (pron. ... Antero de Quental, old spelling Anthero,(April 18, 1842 - September 11, Portuguese poet, was born on São Miguel Island, in the Azores. ... João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett, 1st Viscount Almeida Garrett, pron. ... Camilo Pessanha (September 7, 1867, Coimbra—March 1, 1926, Macau) was born the illegitimate son of a law student and a maid on September 7, 1867 in Coimbra, Portugal. ...

Portuguese modernism is found in the works of Fernando Pessoa. Fernando Pessoa Fernando António Nogueira de Seabra Pessoa (pron. ...

Following the Carnation Revolution the Portuguese people, after several decades of repression, had freedom of speech. The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese, Revolução dos Cravos) was an almost bloodless, leftist, military-led coup détat, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, that effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship to a liberal democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC...

José Saramago received the Nobel Prize for Literature. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Nobel Prize in literature is awarded annually to an author from any country who has produced the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency. The work in this case generally refers to an authors work as a whole, not to any individual work, though individual works are sometimes...

Music

Portuguese musical traditions are diverse and dynamic, they reflect multifarious historical, cultural, and political processes with influences from non-European cultures from both North and sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil.

Polyphonic music, employing multiple vocal parts in harmony, was developed in the 15th century. The Renaissance fostered a rich output of compositions for solo instruments and ensembles as well as for the voice.

The 1960s started a period of expansion and innovation with pop, rock and jazz introduced and evolving, political song developed, the fado of Lisbon and the Coimbra were revitalized. Music from the former African colonies and Brazil occupied an increasingly important place in the capital’s musical life and local styles of rap and hip hop emerged. Fado (translated as destiny or fate) is a music genre which can be traced from the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. ...

The modern revival of academic music was primarily work of Luís de Freitas Branco, and continued by Joly Braga Santos. Composers like António Victorino d'Almeida, Jorge Peixinho, Miguel Azguime, Pedro Amaral, and João Pedro Oliveira are known internationally. Orchestras include the Orquestra Sinfónica Portuguesa and the Gulbenkian Orchestra. Oporto has had its own symphony orchestra since 1962, when the Chamber Orchestra was set up by the Gulbenkian Foundation. Lisbon also has a metropolitan orchestra, and the National Theatre of São Carlos in Lisbon, which was built in the late 18th century, has its own orchestra and ballet company. Among notable pianists, Maria João Pires has won worldwide acclaim. The Gulbenkian Orchestra (Portuguese: Orquestra Gulbenkian) is a major symphony orchestra in Portugal, based in the capital Lisbon. ... A modern view of the ancient city of Porto, the city that gave the name to the country. ...

Cultural centres such as the Belém Cultural Centre and the Culturgest, both in Lisbon, have expanded opportunities for major concerts. Madredeus is among the most successful popular music groups. Singer Dulce Pontes is also widely admired, and Carlos Paredes is considered by many to be Portugal's finest guitarist. Folk music and dancing and the traditional fado remain the country's fundamental forms of musical expression.

Fado

Main article: Fado

Fado (translated as destiny or fate) is a music genre which can be traced from the 1820s, but probably with much earlier origins. It is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor. The music is usually linked to the Portuguese word saudade, a unique word with no accurate translation in any other language . (Home-sickness has an approximate meaning. It is a kind of longing, and conveys a complex mixture of mainly nostalgia, but also sadness, pain, happiness and love). Some enthusiasts claim that Fado's origins are a mixture of African slave rhythms with the traditional music of Portuguese sailors and Arabic influence. Fado (translated as destiny or fate) is a music genre which can be traced from the 1820s in Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. ... For other uses of Fate, see Fate Destiny refers to a predetermined course of events. ... Look up fate, Fates in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827). ... Saudade (pron. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Slave redirects here. ... Arabic music includes several genres and styles of music ranging from Arab classical to Arabic pop music and from secular to sacred music. ...

There are two main varieties of fado, namely those of the cities of Lisbon and Coimbra. The Lisbon style is the most popular, while Coimbra's is the more refined style. Modern fado is popular in Portugal, and has produced many renowned musicians. According to tradition, to applaud fado in Lisbon you clap your hands, in Coimbra you cough as if clearing your throat. Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Lisboa  - Subregion Grande Lisboa  - District or A.R. Lisbon Mayor Carmona Rodrigues  - Party PSD Area 84. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Centro  - Subregion Baixo Mondego  - District or A.R. Coimbra Mayor Carlos Encarnação  - Party PSD Area 319. ... This is a list of fado musicians. ...

Mainstream fado performances during the 20th century included only a singer, a Portuguese guitar player and a classical guitar player but more recent settings range from singer and string quartet to full orchestra. The Portuguese guitar was developed based on the English guitar, which was created in England in the late 18th century out of a Renaissance instrument called cittern. ...

The ingredients of Fado are a shawl, a guitar, a voice and heartfelt emotion.

Themes include: destiny, deep-seated feelings, disappointments in love, the sense of sadness and longing for someone who has gone away, misfortune, the ups and downs of life, the sea, the life of sailors and fishermen, and last but not least "Saudade" (one of the main themes used in fado, that means a kind of longing).

Fado is probably the oldest urban folk music in the world and represents the heart of the Portuguese soul, and for that matter fado performance is not successful if an audience is not moved to tears.

Portuguese rock

Main article: Portuguese rock

The Portuguese rock scene hit mainstream in 1980 with the release of Ar de Rock by Rui Veloso, which was the first popular Portuguese rock song. ...

Traditional music

In all the times and all places mankind always showed great ingenuity making sound and music from existing materials in its natural environment. The voice and the clapping of hands can certainly be considered the first instrumental forms used by man.

The Iberian Peninsula was home to a lot of different people and cultures so its normal to these cultures to influence the others but still retain a little of their aspects, this happened with the Portuguese music. Even in the present you can find types of instruments from different places, such as the bagpipes and the Arab adufe, but they are now and forever a part of the Portuguese culture. From the Pauliteiros of Miranda to the Corridinho in Algarve the traditional music and songs transpire a poetic character that tells the history of a community to other people and generations to come.

See also: List of Portuguese traditional instruments

This is a list of Portuguese Traditional Instruments. ...

Popular music

The 1980s and 1990s were marked by the search for a new musical discourse in urban popular music, the increase, commodification and industrialization of musical production, and the mediatization and expansion of music consumption. The boom in Portuguese musical production was accompanied by both the diversification of the musical domains and styles produced and consumed in Portugal and the emergence of new styles which are increasingly taking the global market into account. The denominated Pop music uses melodies easily to memorize, becoming very popular and commercial; it’s also characterized by the amount of publicity made (through videos, magazines, appealing clothing, etc).

It is possible to note two stylistic tendencies in the popular music of the 1980s and 1990s:

• A musical discourse created by Portuguese musicians that is integrated within the major international developments experienced by commercial popular music;
• A new musical style that vindicates its Portugueseness by both drawing upon various musical elements which musicians and audiences alike identify as Portuguese and emphasizing the Portuguese language.

Folk

Folk music is the joint of the traditional songs of a community that express through a poetic character their beliefs and tell their history to other people and generations. The danças do vira (Minho), Pauliteiros de Miranda (Miranda), Corridinho do Algarve or Bailinho (Madeira), are some examples of dances created by the sound of folk. Some of the typical instruments used are a little guitar, bagpipes, accordion, violin, drums, Portuguese guitar and an enormous variety of wind and percussion instruments.

Philharmonic music

In the popular culture the philharmonic bands represent each locality and play different types of music, from popular to classical. Lidia Costa, Carlos Marques, Alberto Madurai, José Caminos and Railcar Morays are some of the most important names in philharmonic music.

Canções de intervenção (political songs)

Political songs (canções de intervenção) played an important part in the protests against the totalitarian regime that ruled Portugal from 1926 up to the 1974 revolution. Once it was created as an object to criticize what was wrong, mainly in a political point of view. One of its main protagonists was José (Zeca) Afonso (1929-1987) but others also contributed to its development, for example Adriano Correia de Oliveira, José Mário Branco, Luís Cilia, Francisco Fanhais, José Jorge Letria, José Barata Moura and Sérgio Godinho. They traced a new course for urban popular music and influenced a further generation of musicians, some of whom also participated in the protest movement and are still active, including Fausto, Vitorino, Janita Salomé and Júlio Pereira, among others.

This musical style reflects a confluence of influences from traditional music, French urban popular songs of the 1960s, African music and Brazilian popular music. By the late 1970s the revolutionary climate had subsided and the need to express political militancy through song was no longer felt by poets, composers and singers, who subsequently redefined both their role and their creative contribution.

Classical music

In classical music notable Portuguese musicians are the piano players Artur Pizarro, Maria João Pires e Sequeira Costa, and the composers: Fernando Lopes-Graça, Emmanuel Nunes, Jorge Peixinho, Constança Capdeville, Clotilde Rosa, Fernando Corrêa de Oliveira, Cláudio Carneyro, Frederico de Freitas, Joly Braga Santos and Isabel Soveral.

Hip hop

Main article: Hip hop Tuga

Hip hop has been important since the 1980s with areas like Chelas, Amadora, Cacém and the South Bank of the Tagus are considered to be the cradle of Hip Hop Tuga. Portuguese hip hop (Hip hop português) mostly known as Hip Hop Tuga is the Portuguese variety of hip hop music, although different because it is mixed with African music from Lusophone Africa and reggae. ... Hip hop is a cultural movement that began amongst urban African American youth in New York and has since spread around the world. ... Portuguese hip hop (Hip hop português) mostly known as Hip Hop Tuga is the Portuguese variety of hip hop music, although different because it is mixed with African music from Lusophone Africa and reggae. ...

The album called "Rapublica" released in 1994 by Black Company established hip hop in Portugal. The refrain from a song called "Não sabe nadar, yo" ("Cant swim, yo!") was used by the president of Portugal, Mario Soares in a speech about the cave painting in Foz Côa saying that "As gravuras não sabem nadar, yo!" ("The paintings can’t swim, yo!"). The Black Company or the Black Troops was a unit of Franconian mercenaries during the Peasants Revolt in 1520s during the Protestant Reformation in Germany. ... Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (born December 7, 1924), Portuguese politician, was born in Lisbon, and graduated in history, philosophy and law from the University of Lisbon. ...

There are two showcase events, Flowfest and Hip Hop Porto. Flowfest, in Coimbra, started in 2005. Hip Hop Porto is a free event held at Casa da Música, in September. It features mainly the northern hip hop names as headliners, drawing a very local audience. Its first edition in 2005 carded Rodney P, NBC, Blackmastah, Bomberjack, Rui Miguel Abreu, etc. Usually the event is held outdoors, but in 2006 the heavy rains made the event relocate to the parking lot of the building, causing a really "underground" look.

Summer musical festivals

Summer festivals include: Vilar de Mouros, Sudoeste, Rock in Rio, Super Bock Super Rock, Paredes de Coura, Ilha do Ermal, etc. Queen at Rock in Rio (1985) Rock in Rio was the biggest rock festival held in Brazil and also in Portugal. ...

List of Portuguese musicians

Musicians cannot always be classified only as performers of only one type of music, because they evolve and their music also evolves. Below is a list of a few well known Portuguese bands and solo singers in alphabetical order.

A-H

• Amália Rodrigues;
• António Variações;
• Blind Zero;
• Carlos Do Carmo;
• Clã;
• Cool Hipnoise;
• David Fonseca;
• Dulce Pontes;
• Fingertips;
• GNR;
• Hands on Approach;
• Heróis do Mar;

I-Q Amália Rodrigues Amália Rodrigues, pron. ... António Joaquim Rodrigues Ribeiro, (December 3, 1944 – July 13, 1984) was a Portuguese singer and songwriter. ... Blind Zero are a Portuguese rock band from the city of Porto. ... Clã is a Portuguese pop-rock band of a mixed nature in terms of style, ranging from moments of pure balladry, through jazzy details, to enthusiastic pop songs, which is currently widely regarded as one of the best Portuguese bands in the present musical context. ... Cool Hipnoise is a Portuguese musical group. ... David Fonseca // David Fonseca was born in Leiria, Portugal, in 1973. ... Lágrimas - album from 1993 Dulce Pontes is a Portuguese musician, songwriter and vocalist who writes and performs in many music styles, including pop, folk and classical music. ... Fingertips, Pt. ... GNR may be: Railways: Great Northern Railway of Great Britain. ...

• José Afonso;
• Madredeus;
• Mafalda Arnauth;
• Mafalda Veiga;
• Mão Morta;
• Mariza;
• Mediterrânic Ensemble;
• Moonspell;
• Monica Sintra.
• Nem Truz Nem Muz;
• Ornatos Violeta;
• Paco Bandeira;
• Paulo Gonzo;
• Pluto;
• Pólo Norte;
• Primitive Reason.
• Quim Barreiros;

R-Z José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos, known as Zeca Afonso José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos, better-known as Zeca Afonso or only Zeca (August 2, 1929 - February 23, 1987) was born in Aveiro, Portugal, son of José Nepomuceno Afonso, a judge, and Maria das Dores. ... Madredeus (pron. ... Mafalda Arnauth, born in Lisbon, Portugal, in October of 1974, was at the time one of the latest revelations in fado. ... Mafalda Veiga was born in 24 December 1965 in Lisbon. ... Mão Morta is a portuguese avant-garde rock band that started its activities in 1984 in Braga. ... Mariza, 2004 Mariza Nunes, pron. ... José Carlos Severino (Mandolin), Mário Bacelar (Nylon String Guitar) and Pedro Glória (Drums and Percussions) are join in the Spring of 2004 and with them the Mediterrânic Ensemble, original World/Folk Fusion Music is born. ... Moonspell is a Portuguese Gothic Metal band, formed in 1992 and released their first EP Under the Moonspell in 1994, a year before of the release of their first album Wolfheart. ... Ornatos Violeta were a Portuguese alternative rock group whose music included some other influences, such as jazz and ska. ... Paulo Gonzo, born Alberto Ferreira, Paulo (1 November 1956), is a Portuguese singer and songwriter. ... Pólo Norte (North Pole, in english) is a portuguese band started in 1991. ... Quim Barreiros is a Portuguese pimba music writer and singer. ...

• Rádio Macau;
• RAMP;
• Rao Kyao;
• Sérgio Godinho;
• Sétima Legião;
• The Gift;
• Toranja;
• UHF.
• Victorino d'Almeida;
• Xutos e Pontapés

Sérgio Godinho is a Portuguese poet, composer, and singer. ... The Gift is The Gift (movie) - an American movie, directed by Sam Raimi in 2000. ... Superscript text ... Ultra high frequency (UHF) designates a range (band) of electromagnetic waves whose frequency is between 300 MHz and 3. ... Xutos & Pontapés is regarded as the most famous portuguese rock act of all times. ...

Painting

Portuguese art was very restricted in the early years of nationality, during the reconquista, to a few paintings in churches, convents and palaces. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

St. Vicent Panels (detail) by Nuno Gonçalves

It was after the 15th century, with national borders established and with the discoveries, that Portuguese art expanded. Some kings, like John I already had royal painters. It is during this century that Gothic art was replaced by a more humanistic and Italian-like art. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (744x1250, 181 KB) Licensing This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (744x1250, 181 KB) Licensing This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... John of Portugal is the name of several Portuguese Kings and Princes of the Portuguese Royal Family: Kings John I of Portugal (1357-1433) John II of Portugal (1455-1495) John III of Portugal (1502-1557) John IV of Portugal (1603-1656) John V of Portugal (1689-1750 John VI...

During the reign of King Alfonso V, an important Portuguese artist Nuno Gonçalves shaped Portuguese art, leading it to gain local characteristics (Escola Nacional, National School). His influence on Portuguese art continued after his death. He was the royal painter for the famous Retábulo do Altar das Relíquias de São Vicente in the Cathedral of Lisbon (Sé de Lisboa). The painting caught fire and was replaced by a Baroque structure. Parts of his work still exist and can be found in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga National (Museum of Ancient Art). Afonso V of Portugal, the African, thirteenth king of Portugal was born in Sintra in January 15, 1432 and died in the same city in August 28, 1481. ... Nuno Gonçalves was a 15th century Portuguese artist credited for the painting of the paineis de São Vicente de Fora (Saint Vincent Panels). ...

During the Golden Age of Portugal, in the late 15th century and early 16th century, Portuguese artists were influenced by Flemish art, and were in turn influential on Flemish artists of the same period. During this period, Portuguese art became internationally well-known, mostly because of its very original and diverse characteristics, but little is known about the artists of this time due to the medieval culture that considered painters to be artisans. The anonymous artists in the Portuguese "escolas" produced art not only for metropolitan Portugal but also for its colonies, namely Malacca or Goa and even Africa, gratifying the desires of local aristrocatic clients and religious clients. (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh State anthem: Melaka Maju Jaya Capital Malacca Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Yang di-Pertua Negeri Mohd Khalil Yaakob  - Ketua Menteri Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam History    - Malacca Sultanate 13th century   - Portuguese control 24 August 1511   - Dutch control 14 January 1641   - British control 17 March 1824   - Japanese occupation... , Goa   (Konkani: गोंय goṃya; Marathi: govā; Portuguese: ) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

In the 19th century naturalist and realist painters like Columbano, Henrique Pousão and Silva Porto revitalized painting against a decadent academic art. Self portrait, oil on canvas, undated Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (Lisbon, 21 November 1857- Lisbon 6 November 1929), who is usually referred to as Columbano, was a Portuguese painter. ... Henrique Pousão (Vila Viçosa, 1859 - 1884) was a Portuguese painter. ... Harvest - Harvesters, c. ...

In the early 20th century Portuguese art increased both in quality and quantity, mainly due to members of the Modernist movement like Amadeo de Souza Cardoso and Almada Negreiros. In the post-war years the abstractionist painter Vieira da Silva settled in Paris and gained widespread recognition, as did his contemporary Paula Rego. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... This article focuses on the cultural movement labeled modernism or the modern movement. See also: Modernism (Roman Catholicism) or Modernist Christianity; Modernismo for specific art movement(s) in Spain and Catalonia. ... Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (Manhufe, Amarante, November 24, 1887 -Espinho, October 25, 1918) was a Portuguese painter. ... Almada Negreiros São Tomé and Príncipe, April 7, 1893-Lisbon, July 15, 1970 was a Portuguese painter,poet and writer. ... Maria Helena Vieira da Silva (1908-1992) is a Portuguese-French abstractionist painter. ... Paula Figueiroa Rego, GCSE, pron. ...

Theatre

Portugal never developed a great Dramatic theatre tradition due primarily to the fact that the Portuguese were more passionate about lyric or humorous works than dramatic art. Gil Vicente is often seen has the father of Portuguese theatre - he was the leading Portuguese playwright in the 16th century. During the 20th century, theatre found a way to reach out to the people, specially the middle class, through what in Portugal is known as "Revista" - a form of humorous and cartoonish theatre designed to expose and criticize social (and political) issues, but in a way that entertains and amuses the audience. Gil Vicente (c. ... A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or drama. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...

Gil Vicente (1435-1536) is considered the first great Portuguese playwright. Frequently called the father of Portuguese theatre, he portrays the society of the 16th century. Anticipating the seventeenth-century French writer Santeuil's well-known phrase "castigat ridendo mores", Gil Vicente became famous for his satirical plays such as the "Triologia das Barcas" ("Auto da Barca do Inferno" (1517), "Auto da Barca do Purgatório" (1518); "Auto da Barca da Glória" (1518)). In these plays, he creates some characters who are representative of their social group. This results in not only comical, but also strong critical situations. Gil Vicente also wrote other important plays such as "Auto da Índia" (1509), "Auto da Fama" (1510), and "Farsa de Inês Pereira" (1523).

Another relevant playwright of the 16th century is António Ferreira (1528-1569), who wrote "A Castro" (1587), a well-known tragedy about the forbidden love between D. Pedro I and D. Inês de Castro. António Ferreira is considered the father of Renaissance culture in Portugal.

One of the most famous playwrights of the 18th century is António José da Silva (1705-1739), commonly known as "O Judeu" because of his Judaic origins. He wrote several plays such as "Os Encantos de Medeia" (1735), "As Variedades de Proteu" (1737) and "Precipício de Faetonte" (1738).

Almeida Garrett (1799-1854) was a turning point in Portuguese literature as far as the themes are concerned. His most outstanding play is "Frei Luís de Sousa" (1844), which became a classic of Portuguese theatre. Garrett also wrote "Um Auto de Gil Vicente" (1838), "Filipa de Vilhena" (1846) and "O Alfageme de Santarém" (1842). These three plays as well as "Frei Luís de Sousa" are somehow connected with Portuguese history. Furthermore, Garrett is also the founder of the "Conservatório Geral de Arte Dramática" as well as of the "Teatro Nacional D. Maria II".

As far as the 20th century is concerned, it’s worth noticing Bernardo Santareno’s (1920-1980) work. His most famous play is "O Judeu", based upon the life of António José da Silva, mentioned above. Santareno also wrote "A Promessa" (1957), "O Crime da Aldeia Velha" (1959) and "Anunciação" (1962). Most of his plays deal with universal questions such as liberty, oppression and discrimination.

Born in 1926, Luís de Sttau Monteiro (1926-1993) wrote several plays, some of them portraying and criticising Portuguese society of his time. His most famous play is "Felizmente Há Luar" (1961), which is a strong criticism of the political context of that time (dictatorship – Estado Novo). "O Barão" (1965), "A Guerra Santa" (1967) and "Sua Excelência" (1971) were also written by Sttau Monteiro.

In the 20th century theatre in Portugal became more popular with the "Revista" – a comical and satirical form of theatre. It is a creative way of expressing one’s ideas as well as criticising political and social problems. The most important actors who performed this form of theatre in the 20th century were Vasco Santana (1898-1958), Beatriz Costa (1907-1996) and Ivone Silva (1935-1987). Nowadays it is worth mentioning Maria João Abreu, José Raposo and Fernando Mendes, who perform this form of theatre at the well known "Parque Mayer" (a theatre in Lisbon where the "Revista" used to be performed).

Other outstanding Portuguese actors are Ruy de Carvalho, Eunice Muñoz, Rui Mendes, Irene Cruz and Luís Miguel Cintra.

Cuisine

Food

Main article: Portuguese cuisine

Each region of Portugal has its traditional dishes, including various kinds of meat, seafood, fresh fish (including 1001 ways of making cod dishes, the national dish; and grilled sardines) and the famous "Cozido à Portuguesa". Portuguese cuisine is characterised by rich, filling and full-flavoured dishes and is a prime example of Mediterranean diet. ... the world is coming to the end!!!!! cod is going to eat up alive and do us hard up the emmm. ...

Wine

Main article: Wines of Portugal

Portugal is the country for wine lovers, known since the Roman Empire; the Romans immediately associated Portugal with its God of Wine and Feasts, Bacchus. Today, many Portuguese wines are known as some of the world's best: Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho Verde, and the sweet: Port Wine (Vinho do Porto, literally Porto's wine), Madeira wine, Moscatel of Setúbal and Moscatel of Favaios. One of the boats used to transport Port Wine from the Douro Valley to the cellars near the city of Porto. ... A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... Dionysus with a leopard, satyr and grapes on a vine, in the Palazzo Altemps (Rome, Italy) Dionysus or Dionysos (from the Ancient Greek Διώνυσος or Διόνυσος, associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its social and beneficial influences. ... The Douro wine (or Vinho do Douro), from the same region of Port Wines, were bitter wines, but the relation between Portugal and England, had toke the English to enrich this wine with a kind of Portuguese Brandy known has aguardente for it to support a voyage from Portugal to... Vinho do Alentejo (Alentejo Wines) are wines produced in the Alentejo region of Portugal. ... Dão Wine (or Vinho do Dão) is from the Região Demarcada do Dão, a region demarcated in 1908, but already in 1390 there were taken some measures to protect this wine. ... Vinho Verde is Portuguese and literally means Green Wine. There are red, white and, more rarely, rosé varieties of the appellation Vinho Verde, but only the white wines are exported. ... A glass of tawny port. ... Madeira is a fortified wine made in the Madeira Islands of Portugal, which is prized equally for drinking and cooking; the latter use including the dessert plum in Madeira. ... The muscat family of grapes grow widely for wine, raisins and table grapes. ... The muscat family of grapes grow widely for wine, raisins and table grapes. ...

Festivals

During the summer, in the month of June, festivities dedicated to three saints known as Santos Populares take place all over Portugal. Why the populace associated the saints to these pagan festivities is not known. But they are possibly related to Roman or local deities from the time before Christianity spread in the region. The three saints are Saint Anthony, Saint John and Saint Peter. Common fare in these festivities are wine, água-pé (mostly grape juice), and traditional bread along with sardines. During the festivities are many weddings, traditional street dances and fireworks. Saint Anthony of Padua, also venerated as Saint Anthony of Lisbon, is a Catholic saint who was born in Lisbon, Portugal, as Fernando de Bulhões to a wealthy family and who died in Padua, Italy. ... John the Apostle (Hebrew: Johanan ;Greek Ιωάννης, see names of John) was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. ... The Apostle Peter, also known as Saint Peter, Shimon Keipha Ben-Yonah/Bar-Yonah, Simon Peter, Cephas and Keipha—original name Shimon or Simeon (Acts )—was one of the Twelve Apostles whom Jesus chose as his original disciples. ...

Saint Anthony is celebrated on the night of 12th-13th of June, especially in Lisbon (where that saint was born and lived most of his life), with Marchas Populares (a street carnival) and other festivities. In the meantime, several marriages known as Casamentos de Santo António (Marriages of Saint Anthony) are made. But the most popular saint is Saint John, he is celebrated in many cities and towns throughout the country on the night of the 23rd-24th, especially in Porto and Braga, where the sardines, Caldo Verde (traditional soup) and plastic hammers to hammer in another person's head for luck are indispensable. The final saint is Saint Peter, celebrated in the night of 28th-29th, especially in Póvoa de Varzim and Barcelos, the festivities are similar to the others, but more dedicated to the sea and with an extensive use of fire (fogueiras). In Póvoa de Varzim, there is the Rusgas in the night, another sort of street carnival. Each festivity is a municipal holiday in the cities and towns where it occurs. Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Lisboa  - Subregion Grande Lisboa  - District or A.R. Lisbon Mayor Carmona Rodrigues  - Party PSD Area 84. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Norte  - Subregion Grande Porto  - District or A.R. Porto Mayor Rui Rio  - Party PSD Area 41. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Norte  - Subregion Cávado  - District or A.R. Braga Mayor Mesquita Machado  - Party PS Area 183. ... Póvoa de Varzim (pron. ... Barcelos is a city located in Braga district in the north of Portugal the city population is 22,207 in 7 parishes the municipality has 121,245 in 89 parishes. ...

Carnival is also widely celebrated in Portugal, some traditional carnivals date back several centuries. Loulé, Alcobaça, Mealhada and above all Ovar hold several days of festivities, with parades where social and political criticism abound, music, dancing in an environment of euphorya. On January 6, Epiphany is celebrated by some families, especially in the North, where the family gathers to eat "Bolo-Rei" (literally, King Cake, a cake made with crystallized fruits); this is also the time for the traditional street songs - "As Janeiras" (The January ones). Saint Martin Day, is celebrated on November 11. This day is the peak of three days, often with very good weather, it is known as Verão de São Martinho ("Saint Martin summer"), the Portuguese celebrate it with jerupiga (a sweet liqueur wine) and roasted Portuguese chestnuts (castanhas assadas), and it is called Magusto. Carnival or Carnivale is a festival season. ... Coat of Arms Ovar is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 147. ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Christian feast. ... Saint Martin of Tours (Latin: Martinus), (316/317 – November 11, 397 in Candes) was a bishop of Tours whose shrine became a famous stopping-point for pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Species Castanea alnifolia - Bush Chinkapin* Castanea crenata - Japanese Chestnut Castanea dentata - American Chestnut Castanea henryi - Henrys Chestnut Castanea mollissima - Chinese Chestnut Castanea ozarkensis - Ozark Chinkapin Castanea pumila - Allegheny Chinkapin Castanea sativa - Sweet Chestnut Castanea seguinii - Seguins Chestnut * treated as a synonym of by many authors Chestnut (Castanea), including...

National holidays

Portuguese popular song: (English Translation) is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about January 1 in the Gregorian calendar. ... Computus (Latin for computation) is the calculation of the date of Easter in the Christian calendar. ... Carnival or Carnivale is a festival season. ... Computus (Latin for computation) is the calculation of the date of Easter in the Christian calendar. ... Good Friday is the Friday before Easter (Easter always falls on a Sunday). ... Computus (Latin for computation) is the calculation of the date of Easter in the Christian calendar. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Easter, the Sunday of... A godparent, in many denominations of Christianity, is someone who sponsors a childs baptism. ... Palm Sunday is a moveable feast in the Christian calendar which falls on the Sunday before Easter. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese, Revolução dos Cravos) was an almost bloodless, leftist, military-led coup détat, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, that effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship to a liberal democracy after two years of a transitional period known as PREC... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Labour Day Parade in Toronto in early 1900s A Labour Day is an annual holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of the labour union movement, to celebrate the economic and social achievements of workers. ... Computus (Latin for computation) is the calculation of the date of Easter in the Christian calendar. ... Corpus Christi Procession in Germany This article is about the Catholic feast of Corpus Christi. ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Flag of Portugal. ... Monument to Luís de Camões, Lisbon Luís Vaz de Camões (pron. ... Os Lusíadas (The Lusiads) is considered one of the finest and most important works in Portuguese literature. ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Assumption has been a subject of Christian art for centuries. ... is the 278th day of the year (279th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Republic Day is the name of a public holiday in several countries to commemorate the day when they first became republics. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Christian holiday. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events December 1 - Portugal regains its independence from Spain and João IV of Portugal becomes king. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 6 days remaining in the year. ... Joseph and Mary with baby Jesus, at the first Christmas Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a holiday in the Christian calendar, usually observed on December 25, which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... Species Gadus morhua Gadus macrocephalus Gadus ogac Cod is the common name for the genus Gadus of fishes, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety of other fishes. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... A glass of tawny port. ...

• "Santo António já se acabou. (Saint Anthony is over)
• O São Pedro está-se a acabar. (Saint Peter is ending)
• São João, São João, São João, (Saint John, Saint John, Saint John)
• Dá cá um balão para eu brincar." (Give me a balloon, for me to play)

Sports and games

Football is the most popular and practised sport in Portugal. A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ...

Football started to become well known in our country in the final decades of the 19th century, brought by Portuguese students who returned from England.

The first person responsible for its implementation would have been Guilherme Pinto Basto (according to some people, his brothers Eduardo and Frederico would have brought the first ball from England). It was he who had the initiative to organise an exhibition of the new game, which took place in October of 1888, and it was also him who organized the first football match in January of the following year. The match, played where today the Campo Pequeno bullring is located, involved opposing teams from Portugal and England. The Portuguese won the game 2-1. Consequently, football started attracting the attention of the high society, being distinguished by the Luso-British rivalry.

Later, the game spread, being practised in colleges and leading to the foundation of clubs all over the country. Until the end of the century, associations such as Clube Lisbonense, Carcavelos, Braço de Prata, the Real Ginásio Clube Português, the Estrela Futebol Clube, the Futebol Académico, the Campo de Ourique, the Oporto Cricket, and the Sport Clube Vianense were founded to practise this sport or created sections for competing.

The first match, between Lisbon and Porto, took place in 1894, attended by King D. Carlos.

The Clube Internacional de Futebol (founded in 1902) was the first Portuguese team to play abroad defeating, in 1907, the Madrid Futebol Clube in the Spanish capital.

Currently, of the most important teams of the sport in Portugal, the oldest is the Boavista Futebol Clube, which was founded in 1903. The Futebol Clube do Porto, after an unsuccessful attempt in 1893, appeared in 1906, stimulated by José Monteiro da Costa, among others. The Sporting Clube de Portugal was founded in 1906 by the Viscount of Alvalade and his grandson José de Alvalade. Sport Lisboa e Benfica, was born in 1908 from the fusion of the Sport Lisboa (founded in 1904) with the Grupo Sport Benfica. They are all clubs that traditionally have several sports activities but they give great distinction to football, making use of teams of professional players, which frequently participate in European competitions.

In May 2006, the Portuguese national team was ranked 7th out of 205 countries by FIFA. The legendary Eusébio is still a symbol of Portuguese football. Luís Figo was voted 2001 Player of the Year by FIFA, after finishing 2nd in 2000. Rui Costa and Cristiano Ronaldo are also noteworthy and Vítor Baía is the player in history with most titles won, including all European club cups. Moreover, José Mourinho is regarded as one of the most successful and well-paid football managers in football's history. The main domestic football competition is the Superliga where the dominating teams are SL Benfica, FC Porto and Sporting CP. Portugal hosted and nearly won EURO 2004, getting defeated in the final by surprise winner Greece. The Portuguese national team also reached the semi-finals of the FIFA World Cup twice, in 1966, when Eusebio was the top scorer, with 9 goals, and also in 2006. The year 2006 was the year that Portugal nearly won the FIFA World Cup tournament, ranking 4th overall after being defeated by France and Germany's football teams. This was the first time since 1966 that the Potuguese football team had advanced to a such a high qualifying round in a World Cup tournament. The team was welcomed back proudly from its country. First international  Spain 3 - 1 Portugal  (Madrid, Spain; 18 November 1921) Biggest win  Portugal 8 - 0 Liechtenstein  (Lisbon, Portugal; 18 November 1994)  Portugal 8 - 0 Liechtenstein  (Coimbra, Portugal; 9 June 1999)  Portugal Portugal 8 - 0 Kuwait  (Leiria, Portugal; 19 November 2003) Biggest defeat {{{Largest loss}}} World Cup Appearances 4 (First... The FIFA World Rankings is a ranking system for mens national teams in football (soccer). ... The International Federation of Football Association (French: ), commonly known by its acronym, FIFA, is the international governing body of association football. ... Eusébio da Silva Ferreira, GCIH, GCM (pron. ... Luís Filipe Madeira Caeiro Figo, born November 4, 1972 in Lisbon, Portugal) is a Portuguese football player who is widely regarded as one of the worlds top players of recent years. ... Rui Manuel César Costa, usually referred to simply as Rui Costa (born March 29, 1972 in Lisbon), is a Portuguese football player. ... Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro, OIH (pron. ... Vítor Manuel Martins Baía, (aka Vítor Baliza (Portuguese for goalmouth)) (born 15 October 1969 in São Pedro da Afurada, Portugal) is a professional footballer. ... José Mourinho, GOIH (pron. ... A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... The Portuguese Liga (pron. ... Benfica redirects here. ... FC Porto emblem (Larger version) Futebol Clube do Porto (short: FC Porto, FCP) is a Portuguese sports club, best known for its football section. ... Sporting Clube de Portugal, often known outside Portugal as Sporting Lisbon, is a sports club that is best known for having one of the best football teams in Portugal. ... Euro 2004 Logo The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly called EURO 2004, was held in Portugal between 12 June and 4 July 2004. ... The International Federation of Football Association (French: ), commonly known by its acronym, FIFA, is the international governing body of association football. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Other than football, many other professional and well organized sport competitions take place every season in Portugal, including basketball, swimming, athletics, tennis, gymnastics, futsal, rink hockey, team handball, volleyball, and rugby championships among the hundreds of sports played in this country. Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by throwing a ball through a high hoop (the basket) under organized rules. ... This article concentrates on human swimming. ... A womens 400m hurdles race on a typical outdoor red rubber track. ... Arthur Ashe Stadium at Flushing Meadows, New York Tennis is a game played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players (doubles). ... Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of sequences of movements requiring physical strength, flexibility, balance, endurance, and kinesthetic awareness, such as handsprings, handstands, split leaps, aerials and cartwheels. ... Futsal in Germany Futsal is an indoor version of football (soccer). ... Rink hockey is a variant of Roller hockey and is one of the three most popular hockey variants, along with Field hockey and Ice Hockey. ... Handball player leaps towards the goal prior to throwing the ball, while the goalkeeper extends himself trying to stop it. ... Volleyball is an Olympic sport in which two teams separated by a high net use their hands, arms or (rarely) other parts of their bodies to hit a ball back and forth over the net. ... A rugby union scrum. ...

Cycling, with Volta a Portugal being the most important race, is also popular. Police officer on a bicycle Cycling is a recreation, a sport and a means of transport across land. ... The Volta a Portugal is a long distance road bicycle race for professionals held in Portugal. ...

In rink hockey Portugal is the country with most world titles: 15 World Championships and 20 European Championships, and in rugby sevens the Portuguese team has won many international trophies, having as of July 2006 five European Championship titles. Rink hockey is a variant of Roller hockey and is one of the three most popular hockey variants, along with Field hockey and Ice Hockey. ... The Rink Hockey (Hardball Hockey, Hoquei em Patins, Roller Hockey, Hockey Patín) World Championship is a competition also referred to as the World Championship - A between the best male national teams in the World. ... The Rink Hockey European Championship is a rink hockey competition with the national teams of European countries that happens every two years. ... Bold text // Rugby sevens being played at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, which was held at Melbournes Telstra Dome. ...

Golf is also worth mentioning, since its greatest players play in the sunny region of the Algarve during the "Algarve Open". This article is about the sport. ... Algarve NUTS II region, and the district of Faro in Portugal. ...

The Autódromo Fernanda Pires da Silva in the Estoril, near Lisbon, is the main Portuguese race track where many motorsport competitions are held, including the World Motorcycling Championship and A1 Grand Prix. The Autódromo do Estoril is a 4. ... Estoril Beach Estoril is a civil parish of the Portuguese municipality of Cascais. ... Grand Prix motorcycle racing refers to the premier categories of motorcycle road racing. ... A1GP (formerly A1 Grand Prix) is an open-wheel auto racing series. ...

Rallying (with the Rally of Portugal and Rally Madeira) and off-road (with the Baja Portugal 1000 and recently Lisboa-Dakar) events also have international recognition. Petter Solberg driving on gravel at the 2006 Cyprus Rally, a World Rally Championship event. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Off-roading. ... A support truck during the 2004 Dakar The Dakar Rally (or simply The Dakar; formerly known as The Paris Dakar Rally and now as The Lisbon Dakar Rally) is an annual off-road race, organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation. ...

Triathlon is also giving important steps thanks to the world cup leader Vanessa Fernandes and martial arts like judo, which has brought many medals to Portugal. The three components of triathlon: Swimming, Cycling, Running A triathlon is an athletic event consisting of swimming, cycling and running over various distances. ... Vanessa Fernandes (born September 14, 1985) is an athlete from Portugal. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... This article is about the martial art and sport. ...

The national team of shotgun shooting sports won the gold medal in the teams event and Paulo Cleto won silver in the single men's competition. The shooting sports include those competitive sports involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed) using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns (see Archery for more information on shooting sports that make use of bows and arrows). ...

The martial arts like judo have also brought many medals to this country, namely Telma Monteiro who conquered gold twice at the European Championships in the -52 kg category, and Nuno Delgado who conquered the bronze medal in the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney and became the European champion in 1999 (in Bratislava) and vice-champion in the year of 2003. Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... This article is about the martial art and sport. ... Telma Monteiro (b. ... Nuno Delgado is a former Portuguese judoka who became known for winning Portugals first Olympic medal in the Judo – a bronze in the under-81 kg category at the 2000 Summer Olympics, in Sidney. ... The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ...

Manuel Centeno is also a major name in the portuguese sports as he conquered the national, European and the world titles, in 2006 in bodyboarding after being the European champion back in 2001. Manuel Centeno (born September 18, 1980) is the current Bodyboarding European and World Champion, having won the ISA World Surfing Games 2006 on the 22nd October, at Huntington Beach, California, USA. Manuel Centeno was born in Porto, Portugal, he started practicing Bodyboarding at the age of 14, and at the... Bodyboarding is a form of wave riding using a bodyboard, which consists of a small roughly rectangular piece of foam, shaped to a hydrodynamic form. ...

In surfing, Justin Mujica, European surfing champion in 2004, is now back in the competitions after recovering from a knee injury. Tiago Pires reached the number one position at ASP WQS rating and will probably be part of the main surfing competition. Ruben Gonzalez is an international acclaimed surfer and the only one to acchieve the national title in two consecutive tournaments. Hein Cooper at Banzai Pipeline, December 1981 Surfing is a surface water sport. ... Tiago Filipe dos Santos Pires (born 2 January 1987 in Lisbon, Portugal) is a Portuguese footballer. ... The Association of Surfing Professionals (ASP) was organized in 1976 as governing body for professional surfing. ...

In fencing, Joaquim Videira won the silver medal at the épée 2006 World Fencing Championships and has conquered numerous medals in the world cup. Fencing advertisement for the 1900 Summer Olympic Games This article is about the sport, which is distinguished from stage fencing and academic fencing (mensur). ... Joaquim Videira (born 12 January 1984) is a Portuguese épée fencer. ... An Épée fencer. ... Official logo The 2006 World Fencing Championships were held at the Oval Lingotto in Turin, Italy. ...

The major Portuguese professional sports leagues and championships are:

• Portuguese Football Championship in football
• Portuguese Futsal First Division in futsal
• Portuguese Basketball League in basketball
• Portuguese Rink Hockey Championship in rink hockey
• Portuguese Handball League in handball
• Portuguese Volleyball League A1 in volleyball

The country has an ancient martial art known as "Jogo do Pau" (Portuguese Stick Fencing), used for self-protection and for duels between young men in disputes over young women. Having its origin in the Middle Ages, Jogo do Pau uses wooden staves as a combat weapon. The SuperLiga or Liga betandwin. ... A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... Portuguese Futsal First Division or 1a Divisão de Futsal is the premier professional futsal league in Portugal FC Alpendorada CF Belenenses SL Benfica Boavista FC AR Freixieiro FJ Antunes AD Fundão ARCD Junqueira Modicus Odivelas SL Olivais Sporting CP SC Braga SC Pombal (last update: 11 Dec) Categories... Futsal in Germany Futsal is an indoor version of football (soccer). ... The Portuguese Basketball League is the top men’s professional basketball league in Portugal, which is also called (Portuguese: Liga Clubes de Basquetebol or Liga Uzo). There is also a Portuguese Second Basketball League(ProLiga) organized by the Federation // The Premier League currently consists of the following member clubs: Belenenses... Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by throwing a ball through a high hoop (the basket) under organized rules. ... Portuguese Rink Hockey Championship or Campeonato Portugues de Hoquei is the premier Rink Hockey league in Portugal [edit] Teams for 2006/2007 Season Óquei Clube de Barcelos SL Benfica HA Cambra Candelária SC AE Física ACR Gulpilhares UD Oliveirense Juventude Ouriense CD Paço dArcos FC Porto... Rink hockey is a variant of Roller hockey and is one of the three most popular hockey variants, along with Field hockey and Ice Hockey. ... Liga Portuguesa de Andebol or Liga Halcon is the premier professional handball league in Portugal ABC Braga Aguas Santas CF Belenenses SL Benfica Ginasio do Sul ISAVE Madeira Andebol SAD FC Porto Sporting CP SC Espinho SC Horta Liberty São Bernardo Vitória Setúbal (last update: 13 Dec... Handball player leaps towards the goal prior to throwing the ball, while the goalkeeper extends himself trying to stop it. ... The Portuguese Volleyball League A1 is the top men’s Volleyball league in Portugal, which is also called (Portuguese: Campeonato Nacional de Voleibol - A1). The competition was called Honor Division (Divisão de Honra) in 1983-84, 1986-88. ... Volleyball is an Olympic sport in which two teams separated by a high net use their hands, arms or (rarely) other parts of their bodies to hit a ball back and forth over the net. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... Jogo do Pau. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

Other sports are the "Jogos Populares", a wide variety of traditional sports played for fun.

Stereotypes

• Saudade
• Sebastianism
• Zé Povinho

Saudade (pron. ... Sebastianism is part of the Portuguese mythology and culture. ... Zé Povinho is a Portuguese character created in 1875 by Portuguese artist Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro, and became the unofficial symbol of the Portuguese people. ...

See also

• Portuguese people
• Portuguese poetry