Serbian culture refers to the culture of Serbia as well as the culture of Serbians in other parts of the former Yugoslavia and elsewhere in the world. It has a strong influence from the peasantry especially in its arts, crafts and music. The nearby Byzantine Empire had a strong influence in the Middle Ages while the Serb Orthodox Church has had an enduring influence. Serbian culture fell into decline during five centuries of rule under the Ottoman Empire. Following autonomy and eventual independence in the Nineteenth Century, there was a resurgence of Serbian culture in the nineteenth century. Socialist Realism was predominant in official art during the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia but recent decades have seen a growing influence from the West as well as traditional culture. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Serbia and Montenegro  -Serbia    -Kosovo and Metohia    -Vojvodina  -Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Area  - Total  - % water 88,361 km² n/a Population  - Total (1998)  - Density 11,206,847 126. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages, in Cyrillic Југославија) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Early history The Serbs migrated to the Balkans during the reign of Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610-641). ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million... Roses for Stalin, Boris Vladimirski, 1949 Socialist realism is a teleologically-oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of socialism and communism. ... Official language none (1963–1974: Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Croato-Serbian, Slovenian) Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Area (1991)  - Total  - % water Ranked xxst 255,804 km² Negligible Population  - Total (2004)  - Density Ranked xxth 20,522,972 80/km² Currency Yugoslav dinar Time zone  - in summer CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2...

Serbian literature

Main article: Serbian literature Serbian literature is literature written in Serbian language and/or in Serbia. ...

Miroslav's Gospel is one of the earliest works of Serbian literature dating from between 1180 and 1191 and one of the most important works of the medieval period. This work was entered into UNESCO's Memory of the World program in 2005. Serbian epic poetry was a central part of medieval Serbian literature based on historic events such as the Battle of Kosovo. UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, commonly known as UNESCO, is a specialized agency of the United Nations system established in 1945. ... Songs of Serbian epic poetry rarely, if ever, rhyme, but they are easy to remember as each line has exactly ten syllables and caesura after fourth syllable. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Serbia, Bosnia Commanders Murad I with his sons Bayazid I and Yakub Lazar Hrebeljanović, Vuk Branković, Vlatko Vuković Strength 140,000 70,000 Casualties Murad I Lazar The Battle of Kosovo Polje (Косовска битка or Битка на Косову) was fought on St. ...

Literature was one of the arts that declined following the complete occupation by the Ottoman Empire in 1459. Dositej Obradović was a notable writer during the late 18th and early nineteenth century. Vuk Stefanović Karadžić played a central role in the Serbian literary resurgence of the nineteenth century by collecting folk songs and poems and publishing them in a book. Petar II Petrović Njegoš was the most notable of poets continuing the epic tradition notably in his poem Mountain Wreath published in 1847. Dositej Obradović Dositej (Dositheus) Dimitrije Obradović (Доситеј Обрадовић) (1742? - 1811) was a Serbian author, writer and translator. ... Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (Вук Стефановић Караџић) (November 7, 1787 - February 7, 1864) was a Serb linguist and major reformer of the Serbian language. ... Petar II Petrović NjegoÅ¡ Petar II Petrović NjegoÅ¡ (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар II Петровић Његош) (November 1, 1813 - October 10, 1851) was one of the greatest Serb poets, ruler of Montenegro and a bishop of the Serb Orthodox Church (Владика/Vladika in Serbian). ...

Serbian literature flourished further in the twentieth century. Ivo Andrić received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1961 for his 1945 novel The Bridge on the Drina. Danilo Kis established his reputation with his work A Tomb for Boris Davidovich published in 1976 and commenting on Yugoslav politics. Other notable authors include Meša Selimović, Miloš Crnjanski, Milorad Pavić, Dobrica Ćosić and David Albahari. Ivo Andrić (in Cyrillic Иво Андрић) (October 9, 1892 – March 13, 1975) was a Serbo-Croatian novelist, short story writer, and Nobel Prize winner from the former Yugoslavia. ... The Nobel Prize in literature is awarded annually to an author from any country who has produced the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency. The work in this case generally refers to an authors work as a whole, not to any individual work, though individual works are sometimes... The bridge on the Drina (around 1890) The Bridge on the Drina (orig. ... Danilo Kis Danilo Kis (Данило Киш) (1935-1989) was born in Subotica (Serbia, Vojvodina), as the son of a Montenegrin mother and his Jewish (though with a Hungarian last name) father. ... Mehmed MeÅ¡a Selimović was a Bosnian and Serbian writer born in a Bosniak or Bosnian Moslem family (which is controversy)1. ... Milos Crnjanski MiloÅ¡ Crnjanski, in Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Црњански (1893-1973), was a leading poet of the expressionist wing of Serbian modernism, author and diplomat. ... Milorad Pavić (Милорад Павић) is a noted Serbian poet, prose writer, translator, and literary historian. ... David Albahari (born 1948 in Peć) is a Serbian writer currently residing in Calgary, Canada. ...

Serbian visual arts

Main article: Serbian art Art of Serbia. ...

Ancient Serbian visual art

The territory of today's Serbia has been inhabitated since pre-historical times. Indeed, Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica) is one of the oldest settlements in Europe with archaeologists tracing some form of urban life as far back as 5000BC. The Romans conquered Sirmium in the first century AD and in the latter history of the Roman Empire, Sirmium was one of the four capital cities of the Tetrarchy with the Emperor Galerius establishing his capital there. It had architecture befitting its status including palaces, large public buildings and baths and marketplaces. Galerius also built temples and a palace at a site in Gamzigrad near Zaječar in honour of his mother Romula. Sremska Mitrovica (Сремска Митровица) is a city located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia and Montenegro at 44. ... New pedestrian bridge built in 1993, connecting Sremska Mitrovica and Mačvanska Mitrovica Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian: Сремска Митровица or Sremska Mitrovica, Rusin: Сримска Митровица, Croatian: Sr(ij)emska Mitrovica, Hungarian: Szávaszentdemeter, German: Syrmisch Mitrowitz, Latin: Sirmium) is a city located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia and Montenegro at 44. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation) The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Augustus), until its radical reformation in what was later to be known as the Byzantine... The Tetrarchs, a porphyry sculpture sacked from a Byzantine palace in 1204, Treasury of St. ... Galerius on a coin Galerius Maximianus (c. ... Zaječar is a town on the east of Republic of Serbia. ...

Medieval visual arts

There was an early Byzantine city generally thought to be Justiniana Prima (Caričin Grad) built near todays city of Leskovac with an acropolis and secular and church buildings in the lower part of the town. However, it wasn't until Serbia fully converted to Christianity in the 9th and 10th centuries AD that a Serbian style of church architecture developed. Timber aisled churches with basilicas with a notable example being the Mother of God Ljeviška at Prizren. Leskovac (Лесковац) is a city located in Serbia and Montenegro at 43. ... This article refers to acropoleis in general. ... View of Prizren Prizren (Serbian Cyrillic Призрен; Albanian Prizreni) is an historic city located in Kosovo at 42. ...

Much of the remaining architecture and art from the medieval period is ecclesiastical in both urban and monastic churches. In contrast, there is little remaining secular architecture with the most extensive remains being at Stari Bar.

Church architecture developed under the patronage of the Serbian state. However, the most distinctive piece of medieval Serbian architecture was the Studenica monastery founded by Stefan Nemanja, the founder of medieval Serbia in c1190. This monastery also featured significant works of art including its Byzantine style fresco paintings. Its church also features extensive sculptures based on Psalms and the Dormition of the Theotokos. UNESCO added this monastery to its list of World Cultural Heritage sites in 1986. It was the model for other monasteries at Mileševa, Sopoćani and the Visoki Dečani. Studenica The Studenica Monastery is the largest and richest Serbian Orthodox monastery. ... Emperor Stefan Nemanja Stefan Nemanja (Serbian Cyrillic Стефан Немања), Stefan I (ca 1113-February 13, 1199 or 1200) was the Grand Župan of RaÅ¡ka (Rascia), located in the central west region of the Balkans from 1166 to 1199. ... Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas. ... The Dormition of the Theotokos is the Eastern Orthodox as well as the Eastern Catholic commemoration of the falling asleep or death of Mary, the mother of Jesus. ... MileÅ¡eva (Serbian: Милешева) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery located near Prijepolje, in southwest Serbia. ... Sopocani is a small monastery on the outskirts of Novi Pazar. ... Christ Carrying the Cross. ...

The influence of Byzantine art became more influential after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 in the Fourth Crusade when many Greek artists fled to Serbia. Their influence can be seen at the Church of the Ascension at Mileševa as well as in the wall paintings at the Church of the Holy Apostles at Peć and at the Sopoćani Monastery. Icons also formed a significant part of church art. Map of Constantinople. ... The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204), originally designed to conquer Jerusalem by taking Egypt first, instead, in 1204, sacked and conquered the Orthodox Christian city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. ... Peja is a city located in the west of Kosovo, at 42. ...

The influence of Byzantine architecture reached its peak after after 1300 including the rebuilding of the Our Lady of Ljeviš (c1306-1307) and St. George at Staro Nagoričano as well as the Gračanica monastery. Church decorative paintings also developed further in the period. Our Lady of LjeviÅ¡ (Serbian Bogorodica LjeviÅ¡ka/Богородица Љевишка) was a 12th century Serb Eastern Orthodox cathedral in the town of Prizren, Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro. ... For alternate uses, see Saint George (disambiguation) Saint George on horseback rides alongside a wounded dragon being led by a princess, late 19th century engraving. ... Gračanica (Serbian: Грачаница) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery located near the village of Gračanica in municipality of Lipljan in Kosovo. ...

The Visoki Dečani monastery in Metohija was built between 1330 and 1350. Unlike other Serbian monasteries of the period, it was built with Romanesque features by master-builders under the monk Vitus of Kotor. Its frescoes feature 1000 portraits portraying all of the major themes of the New Testament. The cathedral features iconostasis, hegumen's throne and carved royal sarcophagus. In 2004, UNESCO listed the Dečani Monastery on the World Heritage List. Christ Carrying the Cross. ... Metohija, also spelled Metohia (Serbian: Метохија; Albanian: Rrafshi i Dukagjinit (Dukagjin plateau)) is a large western basin in Kosovo. ... Romanesque St. ... Iconostasis of Elias prophet church, Yaroslavl In Eastern Christianity an iconostasis (the plural is iconostases, whose last syllable rhymes with ease) is a wall of icons, religious paintings, separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church. ... Hegumen, hegumenos, or ihumen (Greek: ἡγούμενος , Russian: игумен) is the title for the head of a monastery of the Eastern Orthodox Church, similar to the one of abbot. ...

There was a further spate of church building as the Serbian state contracted to the Morava basin in the late 14th century. Prince Stefan Lazarević was a poet and patron of the arts who founded the church at Resava at Morava with the wall paintings having a theme of parables of Christ with the people portayed wearing feudal Serbian costumes. Despot Stefan Lazarevićs Coat of Arms 1415 AD Despot Stefan Lazarević (in Cyrillic: Стефан Лазаревић) (1374-1427) was the son and heir to Lazar (Cyrillic: Лазар), the Serbian prince who died at the Battle of Kosovo against the Turks in 1389, and princess Milica (Cyrillic: Милица) from the subordinate branch of the Nemanji... Manasija (Serbian: Манасија), also known as Resava, is a Serbian Orthodox monastery located near Despotovac, in Central Serbia. ... The Velika Morava is a river in Serbia that flows into the Danube near Smederevo. ...

Manuscripts were another significant feature of Serbian medieval art. Miroslav's Gospel features lavish calligraphy and miniatures and is a significant artwork as well as a notable work of literature. The Chludov psalter dating from the 14th century is beautifully decorated and was probably owned by a high-ranking noble. Serbian princes were well known in the 15th century for supporting manuscripts employing scribes and artists to create manuscripts. Illustration of a 15th century scribe This is about scribe, the profession. ...

Visual Arts in Early Modern Serbia

The Ottoman conquest of Serbia in 1459 had a generally negative impact of the visual arts. The church was not recognised and the nobility was subject to persecution. As the nobility and church were the main sources of patronage for architects and artists, the early modern period was not good for the arts in Serbia. As well, the Serbs left the cities and withdrew to the countryside further reducing artistic activity.

There was some resumption of artistic endeavour after the restoration of the Serbian patriarch in 1557. Djordje Mitrofanović was the leading painter of the early 17th century with his work on the church at the Morača Monastery considered as amongst his best. The Husein-Pasha Mosque in Pljevlja is the most notable Muslim structure in Serbia and dates from the middle of the sixteenth century. Mayor Radoman Gocic Area  - city  - municipality {{{city}}} km² {{{municipalaty}}} km² Population  - city  - municipality 27,000 in 2003 {{{municipility}}} Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded between VI - VII Latitude Longitude 43. ...

A Baroque church Our Lady of the Rocks on an island in the Boka Kotorska is one of the most notable pieces of architecture in Serbia from the early modern period. There are many fine specimens of silverware dating from the 17th century there. Traditional Serbian art was beginning to show some Baroque influences at the end of the 18th century as shown in the works of Nikola Nesković, Teodor Kračun and Jakov Orfelin. Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint In the arts, Baroque (or baroque) is both a period and the artistic style that dominated it. ... Historic mpap of the Bay, 16th century Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor, Bocche di Cattaro) in western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic sea. ...

Modern Visual Arts

There was somewhat of a resurgence in Serbian art in the nineteenth century as Serbia gradually regained its autonomy. Prince Aleksandar commissioned the building of a Monument to the Insurgents in Karadjordjev Park in 1848 in Vračar. Serbian paintings showed the influence of Neoclassicism and Romanticism during the nineteenth century. Anastas Jovanović was a pioneering photographer in Serbia taking the photos of many leading citizens. Prince Aleksandar KaraÄ‘orÄ‘ević, oil technique, painter Uros Knezevic Aleksandar KaraÄ‘orÄ‘ević (Serbian Cyrillic Александар Карађорђевић) (1806–1885) was the prince of Serbia between 1842 and 1858. ... The first monument in Serbia was erected by Prince Alexander of Serbia (Serbian Knez Aleksandar KaraÄ‘orÄ‘ević) in 1848, in Karadjordjev park in Vracar, Belgrade. ... KaraÄ‘orÄ‘ev park in Vracar, Belgrade dates since the rule of Serbian Prince Aleksandar KaraÄ‘orÄ‘ević Serbia in 1848. ... Coat of arms Vracar (Serbian, Врачар, Vračar. ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Kirilo Kutlik set up the first school of art in Serbia in 1895. Many of his students went to study in Western Europe, especially France and Germany and brought back avant-garde styles. Nadežda Petrović was influenced by Fauvism while Suva Šumanović worked in Cubism. Nadežda Petrović (Надежда Петровић) is considered the most important Serbian female painter from late 19th and early 20th century. ... The Dessert: Harmony in Red (1908) by Henri Matisse Les Fauves (French for wild beasts), a short-lived and loose grouping of early Modern artists, emphasized painterly qualities, and the use of deep color, over the representational values retained by Impressionism even with its focus on light and the moment. ... Woman with a guitar by Georges Braque, 1913 Cubist house in Prague Cubism was probably the most important and influential art movement since the Italian Renaissance; it was an avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. ...

After World War I, the Belgrade School of Painting developed in the capital with some members such as Milan Konjović working in a Fauvist manner, while others such as Marko Čelebonović working in a style called Intimisme based on the use of colours. [[Image:|Location of Belgrade]] Mayor Nenad Bogdanović Area 359. ... Milan Konjović (Милан Коњовић) was a Serbian painter, born in 1898, died in 1993. ... Marko Celebonovic - Nature morte with teapot Marko Celebonovic Marko ÄŒelebonović (1902-1986) was one of the most famous Serbian painters of the 20th century. ...

Socrealism was the dominant school after World War II with the rise to power of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia under Josip Broz Tito. However, that period did not last long – during the 1960s, Serbian artists started to break free from the constraints of the Communists led by figures such as Petar Lubarda and Milo Milunović. The Mediala group featuring Vladimir Veličković was formed in the 1970s to promote Surrealist figurative painting. Serbian art was split between those basing their works on the traditions of Serbian work such as frescoes and iconography and those exploring international styles. Stalin as an Organiser of the October Revolution by Karp Trokhimenko Socialist realism is a teleologically-oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of socialism and communism. ... SKJ flag in Serbo-Croat, with Cyrillic script SKJ flag in Serbo-Croat, with Latin script SKJ flag in Albanian SKJ flag in Hungarian SKJ flag in Italian SKJ flag in Macedonian SKJ flag in Slovenian The Communist Party of Yugoslavia (after 1952 the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) was... Marshal Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito (Јосип Броз Тито) â–¶ (help· info) (May 7, (originally May 25th on one official birth certificate) 1892 – May 4, 1980) was the leader of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... Petar Lubarda - The Gusle Player Petar Lubarda (1907-1974) was an outstanding Serbian painter, considered to be the most influential figure on post-war painting in former Yugoslavia. ... Self Portrait Milo Milunovic Milo Milunović (1897-1967) was a distinguished Serbian painter from Montenegro. ... Surrealism is a cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement oriented toward the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative faculties of the unconscious mind and the attainment of a state different from, more than, and ultimately truer than everyday reality: the sur-real, i. ...

Serbian music

Main article: Music of Serbia Serbia and Montenegro is a Balkan country, recently ravaged by war that has caused widespread migration and cultural oppression. ...

Serbian music dates from the medieval period with strong church and folk traditions. Church music in Serbia of the time was based on the Osmoglasnik a cycle of religious songs based on the resurrection and lasting for eight weeks. During the Nemanjic dynasty and under other rulers such as Stefan Dušan, musicians enjoyed royal patronage. There was also a strong folk tradition in Serbia dating from this time. Nemanjić (Serbian Немањић; also Nemanjid) was a medieval Serb ruling dynasty. ... Tsar Stefan UroÅ¡ IV DuÅ¡an Silni (the mighty) (Serbian: Цар Стефан Душан Силни) (circa 1308 – December 20, 1355) was a Serb king (September 8, 1331 – 1346) and tsar (1346 – December 5, 1355). ...

During Ottoman rule, church music had to performed in private. In the 18th century, Russian and Greek chant schools were established and the Serbian Orthodox Church accepted Church Slavonic into their liturgy. Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million... Church Slavonic may refer to: Old Church Slavonic language Church Slavonic language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Folk music enjoyed a resurgence in the nineteenth century. Jozip Slezenger founded the Prince's Band playing music based on traditional tunes. Stevan Mokranjac, a composer and musicologist collected folk songs as well as performing his own work. Kornilije Stankovic wrote the first Serbian language works for choirs. Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac (Стеван Стојановић Мокрањац) is one of the most famous Serbian composers. ... The History of Popular Rave Music By Emma-louise Foster It is only by looking to the past that will transform the world into the future. ...

Traditional Serbian folk music remains popular today especially in rural areas. Western rock and pop music has become increasingly popular especially in cities with rock acts such as Riblja Čorba and Đorđe Balašević incorporating political statements in their music. Turbo-folk combined Western rock and pop styles with traditional folk music vocals. It was especially popular during the Slobodan Milošević era with Ceca being especially popular. Ceca was married to the Serbian warlord Arkan and turbo-folk was associated with nationalist violence. Serbian immigrants have taken their musical traditions to nations such as the US and Canada. ĐorÄ‘e BalaÅ¡ević (Ђорђе Балашевић) is a prominent Serbian songwriter and singer. ... Turbo-folk is a music genre originating in Serbia in the early 1990s. ... Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević, on trial at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, The Hague Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević â–¶ (help· info) (Serbian: Слободан Милошевић, pronounced []; born 20 August 1941) is a former President of Serbia and of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as well as leader of the Socialist Party of Serbia. ... Svetlana Ceca Ražnatović (born Svetlana Veličković) is one of the most popular turbo-folk female singers in todays Serbia and Montenegro. ... Željko Ražnatović or in Serbian Cyrillic writing Жељко Ражњатовић, (April 17, 1952 - January 15, 2000), widely known as Arkan or Аркан, was a Serbian paramilitary leader, nationalistic politician, assembly representative, folk hero, owner of a soccer club, shady businessman, mafia boss and war profiteer. ...

Serbian theatre and cinema

Serbia has a well-established theatrical tradition with many theatres. The Serbian National Theatre was established in 1861 with its building dating from 1868. The company started performing opera from the end of the 19th century and the permanent opera was established in 1947. It established a ballet company. The Serbian National Theatre in Novi Sad The Serbian National Theatre (Serbian: Srpsko narodno pozorište) is the oldest Serbian professional theatre. ...

The cinema was established reasonably early in Serbia with 12 films being produced before the start of World War II. The most notable of the prewar films was Mihail Popovic's The Battle of Kosovo in 1939.

Cinema prospered after World War II. The most notable postwar director was Dušan Makavejev who was internationally recognised for Love Affair: Or the Case of the Missing Switchboard Operator in 1969 focussing on Yugoslav politics. Makavejev's Montenegro was made in Sweden in 1981. Zoran Radmilović was one of the most notable actors of the postwar period. DuÅ¡an Makavejev (born 1932) is a Serbian film director, born in Belgrade, famous for his groundbreaking films of former Yugoslav cinema in late 1960s and early 1970s. ... Zoran Radmilović Serbian Cyrillic Зоран Радмиловић (1931-1985) was one of the most distinguished Serbian actors. ...

Serbian cinema continued to make progress in the 1990s and today despite the turmoil of the 1990s. Emir Kusturica won a Golden Palm for Best Feature Film at the Cannes Film Festival for Underground in 1995. In 1998, Kusturica won a Silver Lion for directing Black Cat, White Cat. Emir Kusturica (pronounced: koo-stûr-ÉT-sä; Serbian: Емир Кустурица) (born November 24, 1954) is a Bosnian and Serbian filmmaker born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... The Palais des Festivals (2000) The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival international du film de Cannes or simply le Festival de Cannes) is the worlds most prestigious film festival, first held from September 20 to October 5, 1946 in the resort town of Cannes, in the south of... Underground (1995) is a film directed by Emir Kusturica. ... Crna mačka, beli mačor in Serbian, or Black Cat, White Cat in English, is a Serbian comedy/romance movie directed by Emir Kusturica in 1998. ...

As at 2001, there were 167 cinemas in Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija and over 4 million Serbs went to the cinema in that year. In 2005, San zimske noći (A Midwinter Night's Dream ) directed by Goran Paskaljević caused controversy over its criticism of Serbia's role in the Yugoslav wars in the 1990s. Kosovo (Serbian: Косово и Метохија / Kosovo i Metohija, Albanian: Kosovë / Kosova) is a province of Serbia. ... Metohija, also spelled Metohia (Serbian: Метохија; Albanian: Rrafshi i Dukagjinit (Dukagjin plateau)) is a large western basin in Kosovo. ... It has been suggested that Timeline of Yugoslavia be merged into this article or section. ...

Serbian cuisine

Main article: Cuisine of Serbia Serbian cuisine is derived from mixed Serbian, Turkish, Greek, Mediterranean, Austrian couisines. ...

Traditional Serbian cuisine has been greatly influenced by Turkish and Greek traditions. Ćevapčići consisting of grilled heavily seasoned mixed ground meat patties is considered to be the national dish. Other notable dishes include Koljivo used in religious rituals, Serbian salad, Sarma (stuffed cabbage), podvarak (roast meat with Sauerkraut) and Moussaka. Česnica is a traditional bread for Christmas Day. Ćevapi or Ćevapčići (diminutive) or sometimes Chevapi is the name of a popular dish in the Balkans. ... Koljivo (also called žito, which means wheat in Serbian; in Romanian: colivă) is a traditional meal made by cooking whole (or sometimes ground) wheat seeds, with some sugar and ground nuts added. ... Serbian salad is a vegetable salad, usually served during summer with roast meat and other dishes. ... A sarma (plural sarme in most Southern Slavic languages, and sarmale in Romanian), is a specialty dish in Southeastern Europe, and is prepared in Bulgaria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Turkey, and in some other geographically and traditionally close countries. ... Sauerkraut and sausage on a plate Sauerkraut is finely sliced white cabbage fermented by Lactobacillus bacteria. ... Moussaka (Greek: moussakas; Romanian: musaca; Turkish: musakka; South Slavic мусака / musaka; Arabic: musaqqaa) is a traditional aubergine (eggplant)-based dish in the Balkans and the Middle East. ... Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a traditional holiday observed in much of the world on 25 December, or on 7 January in most Eastern Orthodox Churches. ...

Slivovitz, a distilled fermented plum juice is the national drink of Serbia with 70% of domestic plum production being used to make it. Domestic wines are also popular. Turkish coffee is widely drunk as well. Slivovitz (Serbian: шљивовица or šljivovica, Slovenian: slivovka, Croatian: šljivovica, Bosnian: šljivovica, Macedonian: slivova, Polish: śliwowica ; Romanian: şliboviţă; Bulgarian: сливова (slivova); Slovak: slivovica; Czech: slivovice) is a strong, colourless alcoholic beverage primarily made of distilled fermented plum juice, though similarly to poteen it is often home-brewed out of a variety of source... Preparation of Turkish coffee. ...

The Skadarlija district in Belgrade is known for its restaurants with many cuisines available.

Serbian handcrafts and traditional dress

Traditional costume has become less common in recent years to be replaced with modern European dress. It used to be common to see people especially rural women in traditional working costumes until the end of President Tito's term. However, these costumes are still worn on national holidays and celebrations especially in rural areas. Features of Serbian dress include Opanak, a form of footwear dating back to the medieval Serb kingdoms. Josip Broz Tito (May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980) was the ruler of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... Opanak (plural opanci) is a traditional Serbian peasant shoe. ...

Serbian costume is also known for the variety of textures and embroidery. The Jelek is a Waistcoat made from wool or velvet while women's jackets are lined with fur. The peony embroidery design often found on aprons, socks and elsewhere is bright red symbolising the blood lost at the Battle of Kosovo. Montenegrin caps are traditional caps worn in Montenegro with many featuring the Serbian cross. A traditional waistcoat, to be worn with a two-piece suit or separate jacket and trousers A waistcoat (called a vest in Canada and the US) is a type of garment. ... Montenegrin cap with initials Н. I These richly adorned caps were worn by king Nikola I of Montenegro (right) and his queen Milena Montenegrin cap is cap traditionally worn by Montenegrins. ... The Serbian Cross (српски крст/srpski krst) is a Greek cross which has C-shapes on each of its four corners. ...

In medieval times, rulers, the nobility and senior churchmen brought many of their fabrics from Dubrovnik. The most common fabric for ordinary Serbians was sclavina or schiavina, a coarse woollen fabric. Linen was also made within Serbia while silk was grown at the Dečani Monastery as well as near Prizren. Few secular garments have survived from the medieval period the most notable being the costume worn by Lazar Hrebeljanović at the Battle of Kosovo. More decorated vestments have survived from the period. A view of Dubrovnik from the south Dubrovnik (Latin Ragusa) is an old city on the Adriatic Sea coast in the extreme south of Croatia, positioned at 42°39′N 18°04′E at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. ... View of Prizren Prizren (Serbian Cyrillic Призрен; Albanian Prizreni) is an historic city located in Kosovo at 42. ... Prince Lazar, Photo courtesy of freesrpska. ...

Serbia has a long tradition of handicrafts. Djakovica in Kosovo was known for its black pottery. Pirot in eastern Serbia became known for its ceramics under the Ottomans with the potters following Byzantine designs. It also became a centre for the production of Kilims or rugs. Đakovica (Cyrillic: Ђаковица) (in Albanian Gjakova or Gjakovë) is a city located in Kosovo, at 42. ... Kosovo (Serbian: Косово и Метохија / Kosovo i Metohija, Albanian: Kosovë / Kosova) is a province of Serbia. ... Pirot (Пирот) is a city located in Serbia and Montenegro at 43. ... A Kilim (or Kelim) (or Gelim, in Persian), is a flatwoven rug, taking its name from the Turkish word for prayer rug. ...

The Slavs introduced jewellery making to Serbia in the sixth century AD. Metalworking started to develop on a significant scale following the development of a Serbian state. Workshops were set up in towns, large estates and in monasteries. The Studenica Monastery was known for the quality of its goldsmithing. Coins were minted not only by the kings but some of the wealthier nobility. The nobility also was influenced by the wealth of the Byzantine court. Metalworking like many other arts and crafts went into decline following the Ottoman conquest. However, there was a partial revival in later centuries with a strong Baroque influence notably the 17th century silverwear at "Our Lady on the Rocks" on Boka Kotorska. Historic mpap of the Bay, 16th century Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor, Bocche di Cattaro) in western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic sea. ...

Serbian media

As of 2001, there were 27 daily newspapers and 580 other newspapers published in Serbia. Some of these newspapers also have Internet editions. Politika founded in 1904 is the oldest daily newspaper in the Balkans. There were also 491 periodical magazines published in Serbia with the Nedeljne Informativne Novine (NIN) amongst the most notable. Politika/Политика is a Serbian newspaper. ...

As of 2001, there were 184 radio stations in Serbia with 84 of these privately owned. The state broadcaster Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) owns the rest with the station starting official broadcasts in 1929. Private radio broadcasting started in the 1990s. Radio Television of Serbia (Radio Televizija Srbije) is official radio and television broadcaster of Serbia. ...

Television broadcasting started in 1958 with every country in the former Yugoslavia having its own station. In Serbia, the state television station was known as RTB and became known as RTS after the breakup of Yugoslavia. Under the Communists and Milošević regime, state broadcasting was controlled by the ruling party. The RTS station was bombed during the NATO action against the Milošević regime due to its propaganda role under that regime.

There was some private broadcasting with the B92 radio and television station starting in 1989 although it was shut down in 1999 during the hostilities. After the fall of Milošević, RTS became known as Nova RTS as an assertion of independence while B92 commenced broadcasting. During 2001, there were 70 television centres in Serbia of which 24 were privately owned. In 2003, there was a return to censorship as the Government of Zoran Zivkovic temporarily imposed a state of emergency following the assassination of Zoran Djindjic and the European Federation of Journalists continues to hold concerns over media freedom in the country. B92 (Б92) is a radio and television station in Belgrade, Serbia. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Zoran Đinđić Zoran Djindjic  listen (Zoran Đinđić, in Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Ђинђић) (August 1, 1952 – March 12, 2003) was Serbian prime minister, long-time opposition politician and philosopher by profession. ...

Serbian cultural institutions

At the beginning of the 21st century, there were 32 art galleries and 142 museums in Serbia. Belgrade has many of the most significant with the National Museum in Belgrade, the Gallery of Frescoes featuring Orthodox Church art, the Ethnographic Museum and the Palace of Princess Ljubica. Novi Sad contains the Vojvodina Museum as well as the Petrovaradin fortress. Motto: City for the citizens (Grad po meri građana) Executive government Mayor (Gradonačelnik) City council (Skupština Grada) Mayor Maja Gojković Area 235. ... map of the urban area of Novi Sad with city quarters, showing the location of Petrovaradin Petrovaradin (Serbian: Петроварадин or Petrovaradin; Croatian: Petrovaradin; Hungarian: Pétervárad; German: Peterwardein), formerly a fortified town, is part of the agglomeration of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro (population 13,917 in 2002). ...

Matica Srpska is the oldest and most notable cultural and scientific organisation in Serbia. Its name is translated in Serbian as the Serbian matrix or parent body of the Serbs. It was founded in 1826 in Budapest and moved to Novi Sad 1n 1864. Amongst other achievements, it compiled a six-volume study of the Serbian language between 1967 and 1976. Its journal Letopis Matice Srpske is one of the oldest periodical examining scientific and cultural issues anywhere in the world. The Matica srpska or Матица српска is the oldest cultural-scientific institution of Serbia. ... Nickname: Pearl or Queen of the Danube Motto: {{{motto}}} Official website: www. ... The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect (former standard was known as Serbo-Croatian language). ...

There is a strong network of libraries with three national libraries, 689 public libraries, 143 higher education libraries and 11 non-specialised libraries as at 1998. The National Library of Serbia is the most signficant of these. Project Rastko founded in 1997 is an Internet Library of Serb culture. National Library of Serbia is situated in the city of Belgrade. ... Project Rastko - Internet Library of Serb Culture (Пројекат Растко - Електронска библиотека српске културе) is a non-profit and non-governmental publishing, cultural and educational project dedicated to Serb and Serb-related arts and humanities. ...

The University of Belgrade is the biggest and most prestigious university in Serbia and was officially founded in 1905 although its roots go back to the founding of the great school in 1830. The Gymnasium Jovan Jovanović Zmaj was founded in 1810 and many important Serb cultural figures studied there. University of Belgrade is the highest educational institution in Belgrade and Serbia and Montenegro. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Within the Government of Serbia, the Serbian Ministry for Culture is responsible for administering its cultural facilities. As at 2005, Dragan Kojadinović was the Minister for Culture in Serbia. The current Serbian government was formed on March 3, 2004 with the appointment of Vojislav Kostunica as the Prime Minister. ... Dragan Kojadinović (b. ...

References

Online references

• Serbia Ministry of Culture
• Radio Television Serbia (in Serbian)
• European Federation of Journalists Serbia page
• Serbian info culture page
• Serbian info Art History page
• Encarta Yugoslavia article
• Encarta Yugoslav literature page
• Serbian medieval literature history
• Columbia University Yugolsav Literature article

Other references

• "Serbia and Montenegro" Encyclopedia Britannica 2005
• "Serbia" Grove Art Online 2005
• "Serbia" Grove Music Online 2005
• The Statesman's Yearbook 2005 Palgrave MacMillan London 2005

Further reading

• Radmilla Marinkovic, The History of Serbian Culture Porthill Publishers 1995
• Sveta Lukić Contemporary Yugoslav literature: a sociopolitical approach University of Illinois Press 1972 ISBN 0-252-00213X-

See also

• History and culture of Serbs in Vojvodina