Cumberland County, New York was a former county in the Province of New York that became part of the state of Vermont. It was divided out of Albany County in New York in 1766, but eventually became part of Vermont in 1777. At that time, Vermont was holding itself out as the Republic of Vermont and did not become a state until 1791.

Cumberland County was fused with Gloucester County, New York to become Cumberland County, Vermont, which, along with Bennington County, comprised the only two counties in that state. The Vermont Cumberland County was abolished by being partitioned into several new counties in Vermont and one in New Hampshire.

See also:

• List of extinct U.S. counties
• List of counties in Vermont