Copper(II) chloride is the higher chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl₂. It occurs naturally as the mineral eriochalcite. It is a brown solid which slowly absorbs moisture to form a blue-green dihydrate. The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 , 4, d Density, Hardness 8920 kg/m3, 3. ... Hydrates are compounds formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. ...

copper(II) chloride dihydrate

It is ionic and highly soluble in water. Chemically it behaves as a weak Lewis acid, and under certain conditions it can act as a mild oxidising agent. It has a crystal structure consisting of polymeric chains of flat CuCl₄ units with opposite edges shared. It decomposes to CuCl and Cl₂ at 1000 °C. A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in the fluid. ... In chemistry, a Lewis acid is any acid that can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond, after the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... Overview Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Series halogens Group, Period, Block 17 (VIIA), 3, p Density, Hardness 3. ...

Chemical Properties

Copper(II) chloride is an ionic compound which dissociates in aqueous solution, but coordination of chloride to Cu²⁺ does partially occur. This means that concentrated solutions of CuCl₂ are green- a combination of the blue colour of [Cu(H₂O)⁶]²⁺ with the yellow or red colour of the halide complexes.

CuCl₂ also behaves as a mild Lewis acid, for example in its reaction with HCl (or other chloride sources) to form the complex ions CuCl₃^- and CuCl₄^2-. In chemistry, a Lewis acid is any acid that can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond, after the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ...

Some of these complexes can be isolated as crystals from aqueous solution, and they form a wide variety structural types (Fig. 1).

Copper(II) chloride also forms a rich variety of other coordination complexes with ligands such as pyridine or triphenylphosphine oxide: A complex in chemistry and biochemistry is a reversible association of molecules, atoms, or ions through weak non-covalent chemical bonds. ... In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion or functional group that is bonded to one or more central atoms or ions, usually metals generally through co-ordinate covalent bond. ... Pyridine is a clear liquid with an odor that is sour, putrid, and fish-like. ...

CuCl₂ + 2 C₅H₅N → [CuCl₂(C₅H₅N)₂] (tetragonal) Pyridine is a clear liquid with an odor that is sour, putrid, and fish-like. ...

CuCl₂ + 2 (C₆H₅)₃P=O → [CuCl₂((C₆H₅)₃P=O)₂] (tetrahedral)

However certain other ligands such as phosphines (e.g., triphenylphosphine) and even some tertiary amines cause reduction to copper(I) complexes. Triphenylphosphine is a common chemical reagent widely used in organic synthesis. ... Ammonia Amines are organic compounds containing nitrogen as the key atom in the amine functional group. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ...

Reduction to copper(I) chloride can be effected simply by heating CuCl₂ at high temperatures (about 1000 °C): Overview Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. ...

2 CuCl₂(solid|s) → 2 CuCl(s) + Cl₂(g) Overview Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Series halogens Group, Period, Block 17 (VIIA), 3, p Density, Hardness 3. ... Gas (actually as, part of the Gnu Binutils package) is the default Gcc Back-end. ...

However, it is generally more convenient to work in aqueous solution, and to use a reducing agent such as sulfur dioxide to make CuCl: Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ...

2 CuCl₂(aq) + SO₂ → 2 CuCl(s) + 2 HCl(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ... Overview Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

CuCl₂ can simply react as a source of Cu²⁺ in precipitation reactions for making insoluble copper(II) salts, for example copper(II) hydroxide, which can then decompose above 30 °C to give copper(II) oxide: link title Headline text Bold textItalic textItalic textInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text here--220. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ...

CuCl₂(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Cu(OH)₂(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda or lye in North America, is a caustic metallic base used in industry (mostly as a strong chemical base) in the manufacture of paper, textiles, and detergents. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with formula NaCl. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

Then Cu(OH)₂(s) → CuO(s) + 2 H₂O(l) A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ...

Preparation

Copper(II) chloride is prepared by the action of hydrochloric acid on copper(II) oxide, copper(II) hydroxide or copper(II) carbonate, for example: The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... Copper(II) carbonate (often called copper carbonate or cupric carbonate) is a blue-green compound (chemical formula CuCO3) forming most of the patina one sees on weathered brass, bronze, and copper. ...

CuO(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CuCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l) This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ...

Anhydrous CuCl₂ may be prepared directly by union of the elements, copper and chlorine. General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 , 4, d Density, Hardness 8920 kg/m3, 3. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Series halogens Group, Period, Block 17 (VIIA), 3, p Density, Hardness 3. ...

CuCl₂ may be purified by crystallisation from hot dilute hydrochloric acid, by cooling in a CaCl₂-ice bath^[7]. The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... Overview Calcium chloride is a chemical compound of calcium and chlorine. ...

CuCl₂ is also produced when a penny is put in a quantity of household chlorine bleach. A bleaching agent is any compound that bleaches the colour out of fabrics, paper, or other materials. ...

Uses

A major industrial application for copper(II) chloride is as a co-catalyst (along with palladium(II) chloride) in the Wacker process. In this process, ethene (ethylene) is converted to ethanal (acetaldehyde) using water and air. In the process PdCl₂ is reduced to Pd, and the CuCl₂ serves to re-oxidise this back to PdCl₂. Air can then oxidise the resultant CuCl back to CuCl₂, completing the cycle. Ethylene or ethene is the simplest alkene hydrocarbon, consisting of two carbon atoms and four hydrogens. ... Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is a chemical compound, an aldehyde with formula CH3CHO and structure It is a highly reactive flammable liquid with a strong fruity smell. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... This article describes the chemical element palladium. ... Overview Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. ...

(1) C₂H₄(g) + PdCl₂(aq) + H₂O (l) → CH₃CHO (aq) + Pd(s) Ethylene or ethene is the simplest alkene hydrocarbon, consisting of two carbon atoms and four hydrogens. ... Gas (actually as, part of the Gnu Binutils package) is the default Gcc Back-end. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ... Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is a chemical compound, an aldehyde with formula CH3CHO and structure It is a highly reactive flammable liquid with a strong fruity smell. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... This article describes the chemical element palladium. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ...

(2) Pd(s) + 2 CuCl₂(aq) → 2 CuCl(s) + PdCl₂(aq) This article describes the chemical element palladium. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Overview Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

(3) 2 CuCl(s) + 2 hydrochloric acid (aq) + ¹/₂O₂(g) → 2 CuCl₂(aq) + H₂O(l) Overview Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 2, p Density, Hardness 1. ... Gas (actually as, part of the Gnu Binutils package) is the default Gcc Back-end. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ...

Overall process: C₂H₄(g) + ¹/₂O₂(g) → CH₃CHO (aq) Ethylene or ethene is the simplest alkene hydrocarbon, consisting of two carbon atoms and four hydrogens. ... Gas (actually as, part of the Gnu Binutils package) is the default Gcc Back-end. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 2, p Density, Hardness 1. ... Gas (actually as, part of the Gnu Binutils package) is the default Gcc Back-end. ... Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is a chemical compound, an aldehyde with formula CH3CHO and structure It is a highly reactive flammable liquid with a strong fruity smell. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

Copper(II) chloride has a variety of applications in organic synthesis^[7]. It can effect chlorination of aromatic hydrocarbons- this is often performed in the presence of aluminium oxide. It is able to chlorinate the alpha position of carbonyl compounds^[8]: Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ... Chlorination is the process of adding the element chlorine to water to make it fit for human consumption (potable) or to water intended for swimming or bathing in order to keep it from spreading disease. ... An aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as AH), or arene is a hydrocarbon, the molecular structure of which incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double covalent bonds. ... Aluminium oxide or aluminum oxide is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with chemical formula Al2O3. ... In chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of an atom of carbon double-bonded to an atom of oxygen. ...

This reaction is performed in a polar solvent such as DMF, often in the presence of lithium chloride, which speeds up the reaction rate. Overview Lithium chloride behaves as a fairly typical ionic compound, although the Li+ ion is very small. ...

CuCl₂, in the presence of oxygen, can also oxidise phenols. The major product can be directed to give either a quinone or a coupled product from oxidative dimerisation. The latter process provides a high-yield synthesis of 1,1-binaphthol (also called BINOL) and its derivatives, these can even be made as a single enantiomer in high enantiomeric excess^[9]: General Name, Symbol, Number Oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 2, p Density, Hardness 1. ... Phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. ... Quinone is generally defined as an aromatic beneze molecule containing a double ketone functional group. ... In chemistry two stereoisomers are said to be enantiomers if one can be superimposed on the mirror image of the other, and vice versa. ...

Such compounds are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of BINAP and its derivatives, popular as chiral ligands for asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts. BINAP is an acronym used for 2,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1-binaphthyl, an important compound used in chiral synthesis. ... In chemistry, a molecule is chiral if is not superimposable on its mirror image regardless of how it is contorted. ... In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion or functional group that is bonded to one or more central atoms or ions, usually metals generally through co-ordinate covalent bond. ... Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which unsaturated bonds between carbon atoms are reduced by attachment of a hydrogen atom to each carbon. ...

CuCl₂ also catalyses the free radical addition of sulfonyl chlorides to alkenes; the alpha-chlorosulfone may then undergo elimination with base to give a vinyl sulfone product. In chemistry free radicals are uncharged atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons or an otherwise open shell configuration. ... An alkene is one of the three classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon- carbon double bond and have the general molecular formula of CnH2n (the other two being alkynes and arenes). ... Elimination is a residence hall game where every player is both the hunter and the hunted. ...

Precautions

Copper salts are toxic, and can be fatal. Wear gloves and goggles, avoid ingestion or inhalation.

Suppliers/Manufacturers

• Sigma-Aldrich (http://www.sigmaaldrich.com)
• Strem (http://www.strem.com/code/index.ghc)
• Fisher (https://www1.fishersci.com/index.jsp)
• VWR (http://www.vwr.com/index.htm)
• Alfa (http://www.alfa.com/alf/index.htm)

Template: inorganic_stylesheet1 Overview History Chemical properties Preparation Uses Biological role Precautions Suppliers/Manufacturers References Template: Inorganic_stylesheet1 ...

References

1. N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.
2. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.
3. The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co, Rahway, New Jersey, USA, 1960.
4. D. Nicholls, Complexes and First-Row Transition Elements, Macmillan Press, London, 1973.
5. A. F. Wells, 'Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.
6. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed., p. 723, Wiley, New York, 1992.
7. S. H. Bertz, E. H. Fairchild, in Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volume 1: Reagents, Auxiliaries and Catalysts for C-C Bond Formation, (R. M. Coates, S. E. Denmark, eds.), pp. 220-3, Wiley, New York, 1999.
8. C. E. Castro, E. J. Gaughan, D. C. Owsley, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 30, 587 (1965).
9. J. Brussee, J. L. G. Groenendijk, J. M. Koppele, A. C. A. Jansen, Tetrahedron, 41, 3313 (1985).
10. Fieser & Fieser Reagents for Organic Synthesis Volume 5, p158, Wiley, New York, 1975.