In physics, the Curie point, or Curie temperature, is the temperature above which a ferromagnet loses its ferromagnetic ability to possess a net (spontaneous) magnetization in the absence of an external magnetic field. At temperatures below the Curie point, magnetic moments are partially aligned within magnetic domains in ferromagnetic materials. As the Curie point is approached, thermal fluctuations increasingly destroy this alignment, until the net magnetization becomes zero at and above the Curie point. Above the Curie point, the material is purely paramagnetic.
Below the Curie point, an applied magnetic field has a paramagnetic effect on the magnetization, but the combination of paramagnetism with ferromagnetism leads to the magnetization following a hysteresis curve with the applied field strength. The Curie temperature is a second-order phase transition and a critical point where the magnetic susceptibility is theoretically infinite.
See ferromagnetism for a list of ferromagnetic materials and their Curie temperatures.
The effect is used for temperature control in soldering irons.
The Curie point is named after Pierre Curie (1859-1906).
As the temperature is increased from below the Curie point, thermal fluctuations increasingly destroy this alignment, until the net magnetization becomes zero at and above the Curie point.
The destruction of magnetization at the Curietemperature is a second-order phase transition and a critical point where the magnetic susceptibility is theoretically infinite.
In analogy to ferromagnetic materials, the Curietemperature is also used in piezoelectric materials to describe the temperature above which the material loses its spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric characteristics.
The Curietemperature of iron is 1043 K. Even sources copyrighted before the year 1984 had the Curietemperature of iron to be the same number as more current sources.
When the temperature of iron is at the Curietemperature or higher, then the iron becomes paramagnetic and when the temperature of iron is below the Curietemperature, then it is ferromagnetic.
As the temperature is increased, thermal fluctuations abruptly destroy this alignment until the net magnetization becomes zero at and above the Curie point.
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