This is a monument to the Armia Krajowa in Sopot, Poland.

The 'cursed soldiers' (Polish: Żołnierze wyklęci) is a name applied to a variety of Polish resistance movements that were formed in the later stages of World War II and afterwards. Created by former members of the anti-Nazi organizations of WWII, these organizations continued the struggle against the Soviet domination of Poland well into the 1950s. Most of these groups ceased operations in the late 1940s or 1950s. However, the last 'cursed soldier', Józef Franczak, was killed in an ambush as late as 1963, almost 20 years after the Soviet take-over of Poland. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (636x800, 98 KB) Z http://pl. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (636x800, 98 KB) Z http://pl. ... Armia Krajowa (the Home Army), abbreviated AK, was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. ... Sopot (pronounce: [sÉ”pÉ”t]; German: ; Kashubian: Sopòt) is a seaside town in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000. ... A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an invader in an occupied country through either the use of physical force, or nonviolence. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Polish Secret State (also known as Polish Underground State; Polish Polskie Państwo Podziemne) is a term coined by Jan Karski in his book Story of a Secret State; it is used to refer to all underground resistance organizations in Poland during World War II, both military and civilian. ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital Moscow Language(s) Russian (the de facto official language), 14 other official languages Government Socialist republic Leaders  - 1922-1924 Vladimir Lenin  - 1924-1953 Joseph Stalin... The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Soviet Communist dominance over the Peoples Republic of Poland in the decades following World War II. These years, while featuring many improvements in the standards of living in Poland, were marred by political instability, social unrest, and... // Recovering from World War II and its aftermath, the economic miracle emerged in West Germany and Italy. ...

History

The main Polish resistance movement in World War II, Armia Krajowa (or simply AK), officially disbanded on 19 January 1945 to avoid armed conflict with the Soviets and the prospect of a civil war. However, many units decided to continue their struggle under new circumstances, seeing the Soviet forces as new occupiers. Soviet partisans operating in Polish or disputed territories had already been ordered by Moscow on June 22, 1943 to engage Polish partisans in combat,^[1] and in those territories they actually attacked the Poles more often than they did the Germans.^[2] Similarly, the main forces of the Red Army and the NKVD conducted operations against AK partisans, even during or directly after the Polish Operation Tempest, which was designed by the Poles to be a joint Polish-Soviet action against the retreating Germans.^[3] Stalin's aim was to ensure that an independent Poland would never reemerge in the postwar period.^[4] German supply train blown up by the Armia Krajowa during World War II. Polish resistance movement was a resistance movement in Poland, part of the anti-fascist resistance movement which fought against the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany during World War II. Resistance to the Nazi German occupation began... Armia Krajowa (the Home Army), abbreviated AK, was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. ... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital Moscow Language(s) Russian (the de facto official language), 14 other official languages Government Socialist republic Leaders  - 1922-1924 Vladimir Lenin  - 1924-1953 Joseph Stalin... Poland was annexed and partitioned by Germany and the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the Polish September Campaign of 1939. ... The Workers and Peasants Red Army (Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия, Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya; RKKA or usually simply the Red Army) were the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and that in 1922 became the army of the Soviet Union. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვი&#4314...

The Soviet and Polish communists viewed most of the Polish underground, which was loyal to the Polish government-in-exile, as a force that had to be removed before they could gain complete control over Poland.^[2] Future General Secretary of PZPR, Władysław Gomułka, is quoted as saying: "Soldiers of AK are a hostile element which must be removed without mercy." Another prominent Polish communist, Roman Zambrowski, said that the AK had to be "exterminated."^[3] Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital Moscow Language(s) Russian (the de facto official language), 14 other official languages Government Socialist republic Leaders  - 1922-1924 Vladimir Lenin  - 1924-1953 Joseph Stalin... ... The Government of the Polish Republic in Exile was the government of Poland after the country had been occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union during September-October 1939. ... A large number of international organizations and other bodies have a secretary general or secretary-general as their chief administrative officers or in other administrative capacities. ... The Polish United Workers Party (PUWP; in Polish, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR), was the governing political party in communist-ruled Poland from its creation (through a fusion of the communist Polish Workers Party and the left wing of the Polish Socialist Party) in December 1948 until the regimes... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw GomuÅ‚ka (February 6, 1905, Krosno – September 1, 1982) was a Polish Communist leader. ...

The first AK structure designed primarily to deal with the Soviet threat was the NIE, formed in mid-1943. NIE's goal was not to engage the Soviet forces in combat, but rather to observe and conduct espionage while the Polish government-in-exile decided how to deal with the Soviets. At that time, the exiled government still believed that the solution could be found through negotiations. On May 7, 1945, the NIE ("NO") was disbanded and transformed into the Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj ("Armed Forces Delegation for Homeland"). However, this organization lasted only until August 8, 1945, when the decision was made to disband it and stop partisan resistance on Polish territory.^[3] Espionage (spying) is a practice of obtaining information about an organization or a society that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information. ... Look up Partisan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The first Polish communist government, PKWN, was formed in July 1944, but declined jurisdiction over AK soldiers. Consequently, for more than a year, it was Soviet agencies like the NKVD that took care of dealing with the AK. By the end of the war, approximately 60,000 soldiers of the AK had been arrested, and 50,000 of them were deported to the Soviet Union's gulags and prisons. Most of those soldiers had been captured by the Soviets during or in the aftermath of Operation Tempest, when many AK units tried to cooperate with the Soviets in a nationwide uprising against the Germans.^[3] Other veterans were arrested when they decided to approach the government after being promised amnesty. After repeated broken promises during the first few years of communist control, AK soldiers stopped trusting the government.^[3] The PKWN Manifesto, issued on July 22, 1944 The Polish Committee of National Liberation (Polish Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN) was a provisional Polish communist government that was created by the Soviet Union. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Gulag ( , Russian: ) is an acronym for Главное Управление Исправительно—Трудовых Лагерей и колоний, Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey i kolonii, The Chief Directorate [or Administration] of Corrective Labour Camps and Colonies of the NKVD. Anne Applebaum, in her book Gulag: A History, explains: // Literally, the word GULAG is an acronym, meaning Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei, or Main Camp... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Look up Amnesty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The third AK organization was Wolność i Niezawisłość ("Freedom and Sovereignty"). Again, its primary goal was not combat; rather, the WiN was designed to help AK soldiers transition from the life of partisans to that of civilians. The continued secrecy and conspiracy were necessary in light of the increasing persecution of AK veterans by the communist government. WiN was, however, much in need of funds to pay for false documents and to provide resources for the partisans, many of whom had lost their homes and entire life's savings in the war. Viewed as enemies of the state, starved of resources, and with a vocal faction advocating armed resistance against the Soviets and their Polish proxies, WiN was far from efficient.^[3] A significant victory for the NKVD and the newly created Polish secret police, Urząd Bezpieczeństwa (UB), came in the second half of 1945, when they managed to convince several leaders of the AK and WiN that they truly wanted to offer amnesty to AK members. Within a few months, they managed to gain information about vast numbers of AK/WiN resources and people. Several months later when the (imprisoned) AK and WiN leaders realized their mistake, the organization was crippled and thousands more of their members were arrested.^[3] WiN was finally disbanded in 1952. Zrzeszenie Wolność i NiezawisÅ‚ość WiN (Freedom and Independence) was Polish underground anticommunist organisation founded September 2, 1945 and active to 1952. ... SÅ‚użba BezpieczeÅ„stwa (SB, until 1956 UrzÄ…d BezpieczeÅ„stwa, UB) was the name of the communist intelligence agency and secret police in the Peoples Republic of Poland. ...

The NKVD and UB were certainly not beyond using force. In the autumn of 1946, a group of 100-200 soldiers of Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (NSZ) were lured into a trap and massacred. By 1947, a colonel of the communist forces declared that "The terrorist and political underground has ceased to be a threatening force, although there are still men of the forests" that need to be dealt with.^[3] Narodowe SiÅ‚y Zbrojne (English National Armed Forces, NSZ) was one of the Polish armed underground guerilla organizations, fighting Nazi German occupation in General Government. ...

The persecution of the AK was only part of the big picture of Stalinism in Poland. In the period of 1944-1956, approximately two million people were arrested, and over 20,000 (including Witold Pilecki, the hero of Auschwitz) were executed or murdered in communist prisons.^[3] A further six million Polish citizens (i.e., one out of every three adult Poles) were classified as suspected members of a 'reactionary or criminal element' and subjected to investigation by state agencies.^[3] In 1956, an amnesty released 35,000 former AK soldiers from prisons. For the crime of fighting for their homeland, they had spent 10 years or more years in prison. Still, some partisans remained in the countryside, unwilling or simply unable to rejoin the community. They became known as the cursed soldiers. Stanisław Marchewska ("Ryba") was killed in 1957, and the last AK partisan, Józef Franczak ("Lalek"), was killed in 1963^[3] — almost two decades after the Second World War ended. It was only four years later, in 1967, that Adam Boryczka, a soldier of the AK and a member of the elite, British-trained Cichociemny ("The Silent and Hidden") intelligence and support group, was released from prison. Until the end of the People's Republic of Poland, AK soldiers were under investigation by the secret police, and it was only in 1989, after the fall of communism, that the sentences of AK soldiers were finally declared invalid and annulled by the Polish courts.^[3] Joseph Stalin. ... Witold Pilecki (May 13, 1901 – May 25, 1948; pronounced [vitɔld pileʦki]; codenames Roman Jezierski, Tomasz Serafiński, Druh, Witold) was a soldier of the Second Polish Republic, founder of the resistance movement Secret Polish Army (Tajna Armia Polska) and member of the Home... Auschwitz, in English, commonly refers to the Auschwitz concentration camp complex built near the town of Oświęcim, by Nazi Germany during World War II. Rarely, it may refer to the Polish town of Oświęcim (called by the Germans Auschwitz) itself. ... Symbol Silent and Dark Cichociemni (Polish for Silent and dark) were a secret unit of the Polish Army in exile created to maintain contact with occupied Poland during World War II The name Initially the name was informal and used only by the soldiers who volunteered to be dropped over... The Peoples Republic of Poland or Polish Peoples Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was the official name of Poland from 1952 to 1989, during its period of rule by the Communist party, officially called the Polish United Workers Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, or PZPR). ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ...

Organizations

Among the best-known of these organizations were:

• Wolność i Niezawisłość (Freedom and Independence, WIN)
• Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (National Armed Forces, NSZ)
• Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe (National Military Alliance, NZW)
• Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie (Underground Polish Army, KWP)
• Ruch Oporu Armii Krajowej (Resistance of the Home Army, ROAK)
• Armia Krajowa Obywatelska (Citizens' Home Army, AKO)
• NIE (NO)
• Delegatura Sił Zbrojnych na Kraj
• Wolność i Sprawiedliwość (Freedom and Justice, WIS)

Zrzeszenie Wolność i Niezawisłość WiN (Freedom and Independence) was Polish underground anticommunist organisation founded September 2, 1945 and active to 1952. ... Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (English National Armed Forces, NSZ) was one of the Polish armed underground guerilla organizations, fighting Nazi German occupation in General Government. ...

Notable members

• Kpt. Józef Batory, pseudonyms "Argus", "Wojtek"
• Por. Stefan Bembiński, pseudonym "Harnaś"
• Mjr. Marian Bernaciak, pseudonyms "Orlik", "Dymek"
• Por. Ksawery Błasiak, pseudonym "Albert
• Kpt. Franciszek Błażej, pseudonyms "Roman", "Bogusław", "Tadeusz"
• Por. Stanisław Bogdanowicz, pseudonym "Tom"
• Płk. Janusz Bokszczanin, pseudonym "Sęk"
• Por. Stefan Bronowski, pseudonym "Roman"
• Kpt. Zdzisław Broński, pseudonym "Uskok"
• Por. Karol Chmiel, pseudonym "Grom", "Zygmunt"
• Por. Kazimierz Chmielowski, pseudonym "Rekin"
• Ppłk. Łukasz Ciepliński, pseudonyms "Pług", "Ostrowski"
• Mjr./Ppłk. NSZ Tadeusz Danilewicz, pseudonyms "Kuba", "Doman", "Kossak", "Łoziński"
• Mjr. Hieronim Dekutowski, pseudonym "Zapora"
• Kpt. Jan Karol Dubaniowski, pseudonym "Salwa
• Ppor. Władysław Dubielak, pseudonym "Myśliwy"
• Por. Henryk Glapiński, pseudonym "Klinga"
• Por. Eugeniusz Godlewski, pseudonym "Topór"
• Mjr. Antoni Heda, pseudonym "Szary"
• Ppłk. Tadeusz Jachimek, pseudonym "Ninka"
• Por. Franciszek Jerzy Jaskólski, pseudonym "Zagończyk"
• Ppor. Henryk Jóźwiak, pseudonym "Groźny"
• Kpt. Kazimierz Kamieński, pseudonym "Huzar"
• Ppor./ppłk NSZ Stanisław Kasznica, pseudonyms "Wąsowski", "Przepona", "Wąsal"
• Ppłk. Mieczysław Kawalec, pseudonyms "Iza", "Psarski", "Bronek
• por. Jan Kempiński pseudonym "Błysk"
• Por. Stefan Kobos, pseudonym "Wrzos"
• Kpt. Jan Kosowski, pseudonym "Ciborski"
• Por. Karol Kazimierz Kostecki, pseudonym "Kostek"
• Por. Jan Kłyś, pseudonym "Kłyś"
• Ppor. Michał Krupa, pseudonyms "Wierzba", "Pulkownik"
• Płk/Gen. Aleksander Krzyżanowski, pseudonym "Wilk"
• Kpt. Ludwik Kubik, pseudonyms "Alfred", "Julian", "Lucjan"
• Por. Józef Kuraś, pseudonym "Ogień"
• Ppor. Adam Kusz, pseudonym "Garbaty"
• Ppor. Władysław Kuśmierczyk, pseudonym "Longinus"
• Ppłk. Wincenty Kwieciński, pseudonym "Głóg"
• Mjr. Adam Lazarowicz, pseudonyms "Klamra", "Pomorski", "Kleszcz", "Zygmunt"
• Ppłk. Henryk Lewczuk, pseudonym "Młot"
• Ppłk. Władysław Liniarski, pseudonyms "Mścisław", "Wuj", "Jan"
• Por. Stanisław Łukasik, pseudonym "Ryś"
• Kpt. Władysław Łukasiuk, pseudonym "Młot"
• Ppłk. Józef Maciołek, pseudonyms "Żuraw", "Kazimierz", "Marian", "Roch"
• Kpt. Jan Marawca, pseudonym "Remiusz"
• Ppor. Stanisław Marchewka, pseudonym "Ryba"
• Por. Józef Marcinkowski, pseudonym "Łysy"
• Ppor. Lucjan Minkiewicz, pseudonym "Wiktor"
• Mjr. Kazimierz Mirecki, pseudonym "Zmuda"
• Kpt. Lech Neyman, pseudonym "Domarat"
• Ppor. Mieczysław Niedzielski, pseudonyms "Men", "Grot"
• Płk. Franciszek Niepokólczycki, pseudonym "Szubert"
• Por. Wiktor Zacheusz Nowowiejski, pseudonym "Jeż"
• Mjr. Mieczysław Pazderski, pseudonym "Szary"
• Por. Stanisław Pelczer, pseudonym "Majka"
• Por. Franciszek Przysiężniak, pseudonym "Ojciec Jan"
• Kpt. Romuald Rajs, pseudonym "Bury"
• Ppłk. Albin Rak, pseudonym "Lesiński"
• Por. Józef Ramatowski, pseudonym "Rawicz"
• Kpt. Wacław Rejmak, pseudonym "Ostoja"
• Mjr. Zygmunt Rogalski, pseudonym "Kacper"
• Por. Jan Rogólka, pseudonym "Grot"
• Płk. Kazimierz Rolewicz, pseudonyms "Kama", "Ira", "Oko", "Mila", "Olgierd", "Zbyszek", "Solski"
• Por. Lechosław Roszkowski, pseudonym "Tomasz"
• Ppłk. Józef Rybicki, pseudonym "Mestwin"
• Mjr. Aleksander Rybnik, pseudonyms "Jerzy", "Dziki"
• Mjr. Józef Rządzki, pseudonym "Boryna"
• Por. Józef Rzepka, pseudonyms "Krzysztof", "Znicz"
• Płk. Antoni Sanojca, pseudonym "Kortum"
• Ppłk. Stanisław Sędziak, pseudonyms "Wiatr", "Warta"
• Kpt. Stanisław Sojczyński, pseudonym "Warszyc"
• Sierż. Władysław Stefanowski, pseudonym "Grom"
• Mjr. Stanisław Szacoń, pseudonym "Szacun"
• Ppłk. Jan Szczurek-Cergowski, pseudonym "Sławbor"
• Mjr. Zygmunt Szendzielarz, pseudonym "Łupaszko"
• Ppor. Teodor Śmiałowski, pseudonyms "Szumny", "Grom", "Cichy"
• Mjr. Jan Tabortowski, pseudonym "Bruzda"
• Ppor. Edward Taraszkiewicz, pseudonym "Żelazny"
• Ppor. Leon Taraszkiewicz, pseudonym "Jastrząb"
• Ppłk. Walerian Tumanowicz, pseudonym "Jagodziński"
• Ppor. Edmund Tudraj, pseudonym "Mundek"
• Ppor. Eugeniusz Walewski, pseudonym "Zemsta"
• Kpt. Józef Zadzierski, pseudonym "Wołyniak"

During the Portuguese and Dutch colonial rule in Malaysia, Kapitans were appointed chiefs or headmen of the various ethnic communities. ... A pseudonym (Greek pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a persons true name. ... Porucznik is a rank of the Polish Army, roughly equivalent to the military rank of the First Lieutenant in the armed forces of other countries. ... Major is a military rank the use of which varies according to country. ... PuÅ‚kownik (literarily Regimentary, abbrev. ... PodpuÅ‚kownik (literarily sub-Regimentary, abbrev. ... Narodowe SiÅ‚y Zbrojne (English National Armed Forces, NSZ) was one of the Polish armed underground guerilla organizations, fighting Nazi German occupation in General Government. ... Modern shoulder strap; until 1953 the rank of podporucznik was marked by one star less Podporucznik (literally sub-porucznik) is a rank of the Polish Army, roughly equivalent to the military rank of the Second Lieutenant in the armed forces of other countries. ... Antoni Heda (b. ... StanisÅ‚aw Kasznica StanisiÅ‚aw Kasznica (July 25, 1908 - May 12, 1948) was the last commander of Narodowe Sily Zbrojne (NSZ - National Armed Forces), the armed right wing guerilla and political organisation in Poland during the WWII and in the period following it. ... Aleksander Krzyżanowski (1895 - 1951) – was a Polish officer, major, member of the Polish resistance movement in World War II and Commandant of the Armia Krajowa in the Wilno (now Vilnius) region. ... Zygmunt Szendzielarz Zygmunt Szendzielarz aka Łupaszko (February 12, 1910 in Stryj - February 8, 1951 in Warsaw) was a Polish commander of the 5th Vilnian Home Army Brigade. ...

See also

• Forest brothers, Augustów chase 1945, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Romanian anti-communist resistance movement

Young Lithuanian Forest Brothers in 1947 The Forest Brothers (also: Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren; Forest Brotherhood; in Estonian: metsavennad, in Latvian meža brāļi, in Lithuanian miško broliai) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian guerillas (partisans) who fought against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation... UPA propaganda poster The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainian: ) was a Ukrainian guerrilla army formed on October 14, 1942, in Volhynia. ... Map of Romania with main armed resistance areas marked as red points The armed resistance against the communist regime in Romania lasted between 1948 and the early 1960s. ...

References

1. ^ Tadeusz Piotrowski, Poland's Holocaust, McFarland & Company, 1997, ISBN 0-7864-0371-3. Google Print, p.88, p.89, p.90
2. ^ ^{a b} Review of Sowjetische Partisanen in Weißrußland, by Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, in Sarmatian Review, April 2006
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Rzeczpospolita, 02.10.04 Nr 232, Wielkie polowanie: Prześladowania akowców w Polsce Ludowej (Great hunt: the persecutions of AK soldiers in the People's Republic of Poland), last accessed on 7 June 2006
4. ^ Judith Olsak-Glass, Review of Piotrowski's Poland's Holocaust in Sarmatian Review, January 1999.

Tadeusz Piotrowski can refer to: Tadeusz Piotrowski (mountaineer). ... Marek Jan Chodakiewicz (born in 1962 in Warsaw, Poland) is an American historian specializing in East Central European history of the 19th and 20th century. ... Sarmatian Review is an English language peer reviewed academic journal on the culture, history, and society of Central and Eastern Europe, published by Polish Institute of Houston at Rice University three times a year in January, April, and September. ... A cover of Rzeczpospolita Rzeczpospolita ( ) is one of Polands large nationwide daily newspapers, with a circulation of 260-270,000 and an estimated readership of 1. ... Sarmatian Review is an English language peer reviewed academic journal on the culture, history, and society of Central and Eastern Europe, published by Polish Institute of Houston at Rice University three times a year in January, April, and September. ...

External links

• (English) Short description of an exhibition on Łupaszko
• (Polish) Broader description
• (Polish) ŻOŁNIERZE WYKLĘCI NA KRESACH POŁUDNIOWO-WSCHODNICH PO 1944 R.
• (Polish) Antykomunistyczne Podziemie Zbrojne po 1944 roku
• (Polish) Żołnierze wyklęci: Antykomunistyczne podziemie po 1945 roku
• (Polish) Żołnierze wyklęci. Antykomunistyczne podziemie na Rzeszowszczyźnie po1944 roku
• (Polish) Żołnierze wyklęci

Further reading

• Jerzy Ślaski, Żołnierze wyklęci, Warszawa, Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm, 1996
• Grzegorz Wąsowski and Leszek Żebrowski, eds., Żołnierze wyklęci: Antykomunistyczne podziemie zbrojne po 1944 roku, Warszawa, Oficyna Wydawnicza Volumen and Liga Republikańska, 1999
• Kazimierz Krajewski et al., Żołnierze wyklęci: Antykomunistyczne podziemie zbrojne po 1944 r., Oficyna Wydawnicza Volumen and Liga Republikańska, 2002