Curtiss JN4

The JN series of aircraft were built by the Curtiss company of Hammondsport, New York, later the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. Curtiss combined the best features of the model J and model N trainers, built for the Army and Navy, and began producting the JN or "Jenny" series of aircraft in 1915. Curtiss only built a limited number of the JN-1 and JN-2 biplanes. Hammondsport is a village located in Steuben County, New York. ... Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company was an American aircraft manufacturer that went public in 1916 with Glenn Curtiss as president. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Hs123 biplane. ...

The JN-2, somewhat deficient in performance, had had equal wing spans with ailerons controlled by a shoulder yoke located in the rear cockpit. The improved JN-3 design incorporated unequal wing spans with ailerons only on the upper wings, which were controlled by a wheel. In addition, a foot bar was added to control the rudder.

1st Aero Squadron on the Mexican US border, 1916

The 1st Aero Squadron (Signal Corps) began receiving JN-2s in 1915. The Squadron was transferred to Fort Sill Oklahoma in 1916 to work with the Artillery School. Later that year some of the aircraft, both JN-2s and JN-3s, were deployed to Mexico for aerial obervation during the Pancho Villa Expedition of 1916-1917. Image File history File links 1st_aero. ... Image File history File links 1st_aero. ... Fort Sill is a United States Army post near Lawton, Oklahoma; about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. ... Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 20th 181,196 km² 355 km 645 km 1. ... The Pancho Villa Expedition was an abortive punitive expedition conducted by the United States against the military forces of Mexican Revolutionary General Pancho Villa in retaliation for Villas invasion of the United States and attack on the village of Columbus, New Mexico. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 - The Royal Army Medical Corps first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

Curtiss JN-4 in flight over Central Ontario, circa 1918

The Curtiss JN-4 biplane is possibly North America's most famous World War I airplane. It was widely used during World War I to train beginning pilots, and was known in Canada as the "Canuck", and in the U.S. as the "Jenny". It was a twin-seat (student in front of instructor) dual control biplane. Its "Pulley" front engine and maneuverability made it ideal for initial pilot training with a 90 hp (67 kW) Curtiss OX-5 inline engine giving a top speed of 75 mph (121 km/h) and a service ceiling of 6,500 ft (1980 m). Image File history File linksMetadata Curtiss_JN-4_in_flight_over_Central_Ontario_. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Curtiss_JN-4_in_flight_over_Central_Ontario_. ... Look up Circa on Wiktionary, the free dictionary The Latin word circa, literally meaning about, is often used to describe various dates (often birth and death dates) that are uncertain. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Hs123 biplane. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 8 million Full list Military dead: 3 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 6 million Full... Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 8 million Full list Military dead: 3 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 6 million Full... Canuck is a term for Canadian in American English and Canadian English, sometimes meaning French Canadian in particular, especially when used in the Northeast of the United States and in Canada. ... Motto: E pluribus unum (1789 to present) (Latin: Out of Many, One) In God We Trust (1956 to present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York, New York Official language(s) None at federal level; English de facto Government • President • Vice President Federal republic... The horsepower (hp) is the name of several non-metric units of power. ... Power kilowatt (symbol: kW) is a unit for measuring power, equal to one thousand watts. ... An inline engine is an internal-combustion engine with cylinders aligned in one or several rows. ... Miles per hour is a unit of speed, expressing the number of international miles covered per hour. ... Kilometre per hour (American spelling: kilometer per hour) is a unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector). ... This intricate ceiling is part of the Capitol Theatre in Melbourne, Australia, designed by architect Walter Burley Griffin. ... A foot (plural: feet) is a non-SI unit of distance or length, measuring around a third of a meter. ... The Metre (or Meter) is the base fundamental unit of length in the metric measurement system as defined originally by the French Academy of Sciences during the French Revolutionary–Napoleonic war era, and subsequently adopted by various successive International Standards Committees as the utility, elegance, and self-consistency of the...

The British used the JN-4 for their primary World War I trainer; Canadian Aeroplanes Ltd produced them in Canada. Many Royal Flying Corps pilots earned their wings on the JN-4, both in Ontario and in Texas. The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of World War I. Origin and Early History Formed by Royal Warrant on May 13, 1912, the RFC superseded the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (French has some legal status) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water    (% of total)  Ranked... Camp Taliaferro was a World War I flight training centre run by the U.S. Army Signal Corps in the Fort Worth, Texas area. ...

Most of the 6,813 built were unarmed, although some had machine guns and bomb racks for advanced training. None saw active service. After World War I, hundreds were sold on the civilian market, one to Charles Lindbergh as his first aircraft. The plane's slow speed and stability made it ideal for stunt flying and aerobatic displays. Some were still flying into the 1930's. A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm that is capable of firing bullets in rapid succession. ... The Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB) bomb, produced in the United States. ... Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr. ... Soon after aircraft were invented, pilots realised that they could be used as part of a flying circus to entertain people or impress others in what was termed aerobatics. ...

Printed upside-down in error, the Curtiss JN-4 appears on a famous stamp; the stamp is known as the "Inverted Jenny".

The Inverted Jenny is a United States postage stamp of 1918 in which a Curtiss JN4 airplane in the center of the design was accidentally printed upside-down. It is one of the most well-known stamps in philately. The Smithsonians Inverted Jenny This image of a postage stamp has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Smithsonians Inverted Jenny This image of a postage stamp has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The inverted Jenny (or Jenny Invert) is a United States postage stamp of 1918 in which the airplane in the center of the design was accidentally printed upside-down. ... The inverted Jenny (or Jenny Invert) is a United States postage stamp of 1918 in which the airplane in the center of the design was accidentally printed upside-down. ... A selection of Hong Kong postal stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Close examination of the Penny Red, left, reveals a 148 in the margin, indicating that it was printed with plate #148. ...

External links

• Smithsonian JN4 information
• The Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" (The US Centennial of Flight Commission)
• JN-4 "Jenny" Biplane (US Air Force Museum of Aerospace Medicine)
  • Additional photos - several excellent JN-4 photos including the dramatic "Curtiss JN-4 Jenny in Flight" photo
• Curtiss JN-4D Jenny on display at the US Air Force Museum in Dayton Ohio
• Curtiss Jenny Restoration Project in Hood River Oregon
• History of the Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny"
• 1915 Curtiss catalog and photos at Curtiss aircraft
• Acount of the 1st Aero Squadron in the pursuit of Pancho Villa
• 1908-1921 USAAS Serial Numbers