In African American music a cut "overtly insists on the repetitive nature of the music, by abruptly skipping it back to another beginning which we have already heard. Moreover, the greater the insistence on the pure beauty and value of repetition, the greater the awareness must also be that repetition takes place not on the level of musical development or progression, but on the purest tonal and timbric level" (Snead 1984, p.69, drawing on Chernoff 1979). This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Music Look up Music on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikisource, as part of the 1911 Encyclopedia Wikiproject, has original text related to this article: Music Wikicities has a wiki about Music: Music MusicNovatory: the science of music encyclopedia Science of Music... Repetition is the occurrence of an event which has occurred before. ... The adjective tonal can refer to: tonality in music a tonal language the opposite of Nagual, in the specific context of Carlos Castaneda, the tonal is what makes the world. ... In music, timbre (French, IPA /tæmbər/ as in the first two syllables of tambourine) is the quality of a musical note or sound which distinguishes different types of sound production or musical instruments. ...

David Brackett (2000, p.118) describes the cut, repetition on the level of the beat, ostinato, and the harmonic sequence, as what makes improvisation possible. In a cut repetition is not considered accumulation. "Progress in the sense of 'avoidance of repetition' would at once sabotage such an effort" (Snead 1984, p.68). See also the beat disambiguation page. ... Ostinato, an Italian word meaning stubborn (compare English obstinate), is to classical music what riffs are to popular music. ... Improvisation is the act of making something up as it is performed. ...

Brackett (ibid) finds the cut in all African American folk and popular music "from ring to rap" and lists the blues (AAB), [["Rhythm" changes in jazz, the AABA form of bebop, the ostinato vamps at the end of gospel songs allowing improvisation and an rise in energy, short ostinatos of funk which spread that intensity throughout the song, samples in rap, the last of which cuts on two levels, the repetition of the sample itself and its intertexual repetition. Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and mostly distributed commercially. ... For other uses, see blues (disambiguation) Blues is a vocal and instrumental music form which emerged in the African-American community of the United States. ... Jazz master Louis Armstrong remains one of the most loved and best known of all jazz musicians. ... Bebop or bop is a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. ... The word vamp, Vamp, or VAMP can mean any of the following: A musical term for a repeating figure. ... For the genre of Christian-themed music, see gospel music. ... Funk is a distinct style of music originated by African-Americans, e. ... In music, sampling is the act of taking a portion of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording. ... Look up Rap on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Rap may refer to one of the following: Rap or rap music is commonly used as a synonym for the musical genre of hip hop music. ... Jump to: navigation, search Intertextuality is a relationship between two or more texts that quote from one another, allude to one another, or otherwise connect. ...

Source

• Brackett, David (1995/2000). Interpreting Popular Music. ISBN 0520225414.
  • Snead (1984). "Repetition as a Figure of Black Culture" in Black Literature and Literary Theory (p.59-80), ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. London: Routledge.
    • Chernoff, John (1979). African Rhythm and African Sensibility: Aesthetics and Social Action in African Musical Idioms.