Cyanide poisoning occurs when a living organism injests cyanide. The cyanide ion, if used as poison, is generally delivered in the form of gaseous hydrogen cyanide or in the form of potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide. This article is about the chemical compound. ... The skull and crossbones symbol (Jolly Roger) traditionally used to label a poisonous substance. ... R-phrases , , , , . S-phrases , , , , , , , , . Flash point −17. ... Potassium cyanide or KCN is the potassium salt of hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid. ... Sodium cyanide is a highly toxic chemical compound, also known as sodium salt of hydrocyanic acid and cyanogran. ...

Toxicity of cyanides

Many cyanide-containing compounds are highly toxic, but many are not. The most dangerous cyanides are hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and salts derived from it, such as potassium cyanide (KCN) and sodium cyanide (NaCN), among others. The oral median lethal dose, or LD₅₀ of potassium cyanide is about 5–10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight for rats, mice, and rabbits.^[1] R-phrases , , , , . S-phrases , , , , , , , , . Flash point −17. ...

Some compounds readily release HCN or the cyanide ion; for example such as trimethylsilyl cyanide (CH₃)₃SiCN upon contact with water and cyanoacrylates upon pyrolysis.^{[citation needed]} On the other hand, Prussian blue, with an approximate formula Fe₇(CN)₁₈ is the blue of blue prints and does not release cyanide ions easily. In fact, it is administered orally as an antidote to poisoning by thallium and Caesium-137. One common use of this reagent is to convert pyridine-N-oxides into 2-cyanopyridine. ... A tube of Super glue Cyanoacrylate is the generic name for substances such as methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, which is typically sold under trademarks like Superglue and Krazy Glue, and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate or n-butyl-cyanoacrylate, which are used in medical glues such as Dermabond and Traumaseal. ... Simple sketch of pyrolysis chemistry Pyrolysis usually means the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. ... A sample of Prussian blue Prussian blue (German: Preußischblau or Berliner Blau, in English Berlin blue) is a dark blue pigment used in paints and formerly in blueprints. ... For other uses, see Blueprint (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number thallium, Tl, 81 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 6, p Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 204. ... Caesium-137 is a radioactive isotope which is formed mainly by nuclear fission. ...

Many thousands of organic compounds contain the CN group. These compounds are usually called nitriles although they are sometimes called organic cyanides. Generally, nitriles do not display high toxicity. In fact, the nitrile functional group is an integral component of numerous pharmaceutical drugs including cimetidine (Tagamet), verapamil (Isoptin), and citalopram (celexa). The reason for their diminished toxicity is that nitriles do not release the CN⁻ ion, which permanently binds to and inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, the specific basis of the lethality of cyanide (see below). Nitriles can be released from the burning of some plastics and may be a source of cyanide toxicity. Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of chemical compounds consisting primarily of carbon and hydrogen, which may contain any number of other elements, including nitrogen, oxygen, halogens as well... A nitrile is any organic compound which has a -C≡N functional group. ... In organic chemistry, functional groups (or moieties) are specific groups of atoms within molecules, that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. ... Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in the stomach. ... Verapamil (brand names: Isoptin®, Verelan®, Calan®) is a medical drug that acts as an L-type calcium channel blocker. ... Citalopram is an antidepressant drug used to treat depression associated with mood disorders. ... Cytochrome c oxidase The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (PDB 2OCC, EC 1. ...

Absorption

The usual route of absorption is by inhalation of hydrogen cyanide gas, which forms when cyanide salts are treated with acid. Hydrogen cyanide poisoning is also common as a result of smoke inhalation after house fires. Ingestion is equally dangerous, although this route of absorption is usually deliberate (suicidal or criminal). Aqueous solutions of cyanides are not easily absorbed through the skin but solutions in DMSO are readily absorbed through the skin. R-phrases , , , , . S-phrases , , , , , , , , . Flash point −17. ... Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2SO. This colorless liquid is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. ...

Mechanism of toxicity

Cyanide is an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa₃) in the fourth complex in the membrane of the mitochondria of cells. It attaches to the iron within this protein. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted, meaning that the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. HIV protease in a complex with the protease inhibitor ritonavir. ... Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ... Cytochrome c oxidase The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (PDB 2OCC, EC 1. ... In cell biology, a mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes. ... Cytochrome c oxidase The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (PDB 2OCC, EC 1. ... The Electron Transport Chain. ... Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide that is most important as a molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer. ... This article or section should be merged with aerobic metabolism. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... The heart and lungs, from an older edition of Grays Anatomy. ...

Plants contain an alternative pathway for respiration in their mitochondria. The alternate oxidase is not as efficient as the normal pathway, but it is immune to cyanide. Consequently, plants are insensitive to concentrations of cyanide that are lethal to animals, and a few species (e.g. the Giant Bamboo in its shoots) are known to contain cyanides.^[2] Interestingly, the Golden Bamboo Lemur is able to consume Giant Bamboo shoots containing many times the lethal dose of cyanide for humans and most other animals, with no ill effects. The reason for its immunity is not yet understood.^[2] Cyanide is rapidly metabolized in the human body. Different species exhibit widely differing sensitivities to cyanide. It is possible that there is also a considerable range of sensitivity among human individuals. The Regulatory information section below may give some guidance. Binomial name Hapalemur aureus (Meier, Albignac, Peyriéras, Rumpler & Wright, 1987) The Golden Bamboo Lemur or Golden Lemur (Hapalemur aureus) is a medium sized bamboo lemur endemic to southeastern Madagascar. ... Structure of the coenzyme adenosine triphosphate, a central intermediate in energy metabolism. ...

Acute poisoning

Inhalation of high concentrations of cyanide causes a coma with seizures, apnea and cardiac arrest, with death following in a matter of minutes. At lower doses, loss of consciousness may be preceded by general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, and perceived difficulty in breathing. At the first stages of unconsciousness, breathing is often sufficient or even rapid, although the state of the victim progresses towards a deep coma, sometimes accompanied by pulmonary edema, and finally cardiac arrest. Skin colour goes pink from high blood oxygen saturation. For other uses, see Coma (disambiguation). ... This article is about the medical condition. ... Apnea (British spelling - apnoea) (Greek απνοια, from α-, privative, πνεειν, to breathe) is a technical term for suspension of external breathing. ... A headache (cephalalgia in medical terminology) is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ... For other uses, see Vertigo. ... Pulmonary edema is swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the lungs. ...

Chronic exposure

Exposure to lower levels of cyanide over a long period (e.g., after use of cassava roots as a primary food source in tropical Africa) results in increased blood cyanide levels, which can result in weakness and a variety of symptoms, including permanent paralysis. “Yuca” redirects here. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Treatment of poisoning and antidotes

The United States standard cyanide antidote kit first uses a small inhaled dose of amyl nitrite, followed by intravenous sodium nitrite, followed by intravenous sodium thiosulfate.^{[citation needed]} The nitrites oxidize some of the hemoglobin's iron from the ferrous state to the ferric state, converting the hemoglobin into methemoglobin. (Treatment with nitrites is not innocuous as methemoglobin cannot carry oxygen). Cyanide preferentially bonds to methemoglobin rather than the cytochrome oxidase, converting methemoglobin into cyanmethemoglobin. In the last step, the intravenous sodium thiosulfate converts the cyanmethemoglobin to thiocyanate, sulfite, and hemoglobin. The thiocyanate is excreted. An antidote is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning. ... Amyl nitrite, also referred to as pentyl nitrite, is an alkyl nitrite that contains five carbons. ... Sodium nitrite, with chemical formula NaNO2, is used as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish. ... Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) is a colorless crystalline compound that is more familiar as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3•5H2O, an efflorescent, monoclinic crystalline substance also called sodium hyposulfite or “hypo. ... Ferrous in chemistry is a term used for the iron with an oxidation number +2. ... Ferric is a term used for the iron with the oxidation number +3. ... Methemoglobin (also hemiglobin) is a type of hemoglobin that is produced by the oxidation of the ferrous iron contained in hemoglobin to ferric iron which doesnt have the capacity for carrying oxygen. ... Rush, and Rave; Marketed Brands of Alkyl Nitrites Alkyl nitrites or Poppers are a class of inhalant used for the treatment of angina. ... An oxidase is any enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation/reduction reaction involving molecular oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. ... Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) is a colorless crystalline compound that is more familiar as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3•5H2O, an efflorescent, monoclinic crystalline substance also called sodium hyposulfite or “hypo. ... The structure and bonding of the thiocyanate ion Thiocyanate (also known as sulphocyanate or thiocyanide) is the anion, [SCN]−. Common compounds include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. ... Sulfites (also sulphite) are compounds that contain the sulfite ion SO32−. They are often used as preservatives in wines (to prevent spoilage and oxidation), dried fruits, and dried potato products. ...

Alternative methods of treating cyanide intoxication are used in other countries. For example, in France hydroxycobalamin (a form of vitamin B₁₂) is used to bind cyanide to form the harmless vitamin B_12a cyanocobalamin. Cyanocobalamin is eliminated through the urine. Hydroxycobalamin works both within the intravascular space and within the cells to combat cyanide intoxication. This versatility contrasts with methemoglobin, which acts only within the vascular space as an antidote. Administration of sodium thiosulfate improves the ability of the hydroxycobalamin to detoxify cyanide poisoning. This treatment is considered so effective and innocuous that it is administered routinely in Paris to victims of smoke inhalation to detoxify any associated cyanide intoxication. However it is relatively expensive and not universally available. Hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) is a natural analog of vitamin B12, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds. ... Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ... Hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) is a natural analog of vitamin B12, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds. ... Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) is a colorless crystalline compound that is more familiar as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3•5H2O, an efflorescent, monoclinic crystalline substance also called sodium hyposulfite or “hypo. ... Hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) is a natural analog of vitamin B12, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds. ...

4-Dimethylaminophenol (4-DMAP) has been proposed in Germany as a more rapid antidote than nitrites with (reportedly) lower toxicity. 4-DMAP is used currently by the German military and by the civilian population. In humans, intravenous injection of 3 mg/kg of 4-DMAP produces 35 percent methemoglobin levels within 1 minute. Reportedly, 4-DMAP is part of the US Cyanokit, while it is not part of the GERM Cyanokit due to side effects (e. g. hemolysis). 4-Dimethylaminophenol (abbreviated in medical practice as DMAP) is an aminophenol. ... {{otheruses4|1=medical hemoglobin]] into the surrounding fluid (plasma, in vivo). ...

Cobalt salts have also been demonstrated as effective in binding cyanide. One current cobalt-based antidote available in Europe is dicobalt-EDTA, sold as Kelocyanor®. This agent chelates cyanide as the cobalticyanide. This drug provides an antidote effect more quickly than formation of methemoglobin, but a clear superiority to methemoglobin formation has not been demonstrated. Cobalt complexes are quite toxic, and there have been accidents reported in the UK where patients have been given dicobalt-EDTA by mistake based on a false diagnoses of cyanide poisoning. For other uses, see Cobalt (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ... Synthesis of copper(II)-tetraphenylporphine, a metal complex, from tetraphenylporphine and copper(II) acetate monohydrate. ...

The International Programme on Chemical Safety issued a survey (IPCS/CEC Evaluation of Antidotes Series) that lists the following antidotal agents and their effects: Oxygen, sodium thiosulfate, amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, 4-dimethylaminophenol, hydroxocobalamin, and dicobalt edetate ('Kelocyanor'), as well as several others[1]. Other commonly-recommended antidotes are 'solutions A and B' (a solution of ferrous sulphate in aqueous citric acid, and aqueous sodium carbonate) and amyl nitrite. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a collaboration between three United Nations bodies—the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. ... Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) is an example of an ionic compound. ... Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. ... Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. ... Amyl nitrite, also referred to as pentyl nitrite, is an alkyl nitrite that contains five carbons. ...

Britain's Health and Safety Executive(HSE) has recommended against the use of solutions A and B because of their limited shelf life, potential to cause iron poisoning, and limited applicability (effective only in cases of cyanide ingestion, whereas the main modes of poisoning are inhalation and skin contact). The HSE has also questioned the usefulness of amyl nitrite due to storage/availability problems, risk of abuse, and lack of evidence of significant benefits, instead recommending Kelocyanor[2]. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE), reporting to the Health and Safety Commission, is the British government body responsible for the regulation of risks to health and safety in the UK. It was created as a result of the Health and Safety at Work, etc, Act 1974, and has since...

Evidence from animal experiments suggests that coadministration of glucose protects against cobalt toxicity associated with the antidote agent dicobalt edetate. For this reason, glucose is often administered alongside this agent (e.g. in the formulation 'Kelocyanor'). Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is an important carbohydrate in biology. ...

It has also been anecdotally suggested that glucose is itself an effective counteragent to cyanide, reacting with it to form less toxic compounds that can be eliminated by the body. One theory on the apparent immunity of Grigory Rasputin to cyanide was that his killers put the poison in sweet pastries and madeira wine, both of which are rich in sugar; thus, Rasputin would have been administered the poison together with massive quantities of antidote. One study found a reduction in cyanide toxicity in mice when the cyanide was first mixed with glucose[3]. However, as yet glucose on its own is not an officially acknowledged antidote to cyanide poisoning. Rasputin Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin (Russian: Григо́рий Ефи́мович Распу́тин) (January 23, 1871 – December 16, 1916 (O.S.)) was a Russian mystic with an influence in the... Madeira is a fortified wine made in the Madeira Islands of Portugal, which is prized equally for drinking and cooking; the latter use including the dessert plum in Madeira. ...

Historical cases

Gas chambers

Hydrogen cyanide gas was the agent used during the Nazi regime in Germany for mass murder in some gas chambers during the Holocaust. It was released from Zyklon B pellets, which were a commercial biocide. It was also used in US execution chambers, where it was generated by reaction between potassium cyanide dropped into a compartment containing sulfuric acid directly below the chair in the chamber. R-phrases , , , , . S-phrases , , , , , , , , . Flash point −17. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... For other uses, see Gas chamber (disambiguation). ... “Shoah” redirects here. ... Zyklon B label — Note that “Gift” translates as “poison” Zyklon B was the tradename of a pesticide ultimately used by Nazi Germany in some Holocaust gas chambers. ... A biocide is a chemical substance capable of killing different forms of living organisms used in fields such as medicine, agriculture, forestry, and mosquito control. ... For other uses, see Gas chamber (disambiguation). ... Potassium cyanide or KCN is the potassium salt of hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid. ... R-phrases S-phrases , , , Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Related strong acids Selenic acid Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Related compounds Hydrogen sulfide Sulfurous acid Peroxymonosulfuric acid Sulfur trioxide Oleum Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...

War

Cyanides were stockpiled in both the Soviet and the United States chemical weapons arsenals in the 1950s and 1960s.^{[citation needed]} During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was thought to be planning to use hydrogen cyanide as a "blitzkrieg" weapon to clear a path through the opposing front line, knowing that the hydrogen cyanide would dissipate and allow unprotected access to the captured zone.^{[citation needed]} However, as a military agent, hydrogen cyanide was not considered very effective, since it is lighter than air and needs a significant dose to incapacitate or kill. CCCP redirects here. ... Dressing the wounded during a gas attack by Austin O. Spare, 1918. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... The defining characteristic of what is commonly known as Blitzkrieg is that it is a highly mobile form of mechanized warfare. ...

Suicide

Cyanide salts are sometimes used as fast-acting suicide devices. Cyanide is reputed to work faster on an empty stomach, possibly because the anion is protonated by stomach acids to give HCN. Famous cyanide salt suicides include: Gastric acid is, together with several enzymes and the intrinsic factor, one of the main secretions of the stomach. ...

• Erwin Rommel
• Eva Braun
• Adolf Hitler bit his cyanide capsule at the same time as he shot himself.
• Wallace Carothers
• Hermann Göring
• Heinrich Himmler
• Alan Turing
• Odilo Globocnik
• A North-Korean agent identified as Kim Sung Il, who along with a female accomplice in police custody in Bahrain bit into cyanide tablets hidden in cigarettes after having left a bomb onboard Korean Air Flight 858 which subsequently exploded over the Indian Ocean on November 29, 1987. The woman's life was saved by a quick-thinking police officer who knocked the cigarette away at the last second.
• Ramón Sampedro
• Gavrilo Princip attempted suicide, but failed
• Nedeljko Čabrinović attempted suicide, but failed
• Behzad Nabavi attempted suicide, but failed

Members of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam which operate in north-eastern Sri Lanka are probably the most reported to use capsules made out of cyanide compound/compounds, where each member of the militia wears a capsule round their neck, which is used to commit suicide when they are about to be captured by the security forces of Sri Lanka. Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel ( ) (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) was one of the most famous German field marshals of World War II. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname “The Desert Fox” (Wüstenfuchs,  ) for the skillful military campaigns he... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Wallace Hume Carothers (April 27, 1896 – April 29, 1937) was an American chemist, inventor, and the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont, who is credited with the invention of nylon. ... Hermann Wilhelm Göring ( ) (also Goering in English) (January 12, 1893 – October 15, 1946) was a German politician and military leader, a leading member of the Nazi Party, second in command of the Third Reich, and commander of the Luftwaffe. ... Heinrich Luitpold Himmler ( ; 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and the Nazi hierarchy. ... Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... Odilo Globocnik Odilo Globocnik (April 21, 1904 - May 31, 1945) was a prominent Austrian Nazi and later an SS leader. ... Korean Air Flight 858 was a flight that flew from Abu Dhabi International Airport in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates to Gimpo Airport near Seoul, South Korea via Bangkok International Airport in Bangkok. ... Ramon Sampedro (January 5, 1943 - January 13, 1998) was a ship mechanic from Spain who was paralyzed in a diving accident at the age of 26 and fought for his right to an assisted suicide for the next 29 years. ... Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Cyrillic: Гаврило Принцип, IPA: ) (July 25, 1894) – April 28, 1918) was an ethnic Serb, but later proclaimed to be a Yugoslav Nationalist[1], with links to a group known as the Mlada Bosna, who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. ... Nedeljko ÄŒabrinović (Serbian Cyrillic: Недељко Чабриновић) (1895 - January 23, 1916) was a member of the Black Hand society, and one of seven assassains who made a successful attempt on the life of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria. ... Behzad Nabavi, as acting Chairman of Majlis Behzad Nabavi (بهزاد نبوی in Persian) (born 1941) is an Iranian politician. ... The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), commonly known as the Tamil Tigers, is a militant Tamil nationalist organization that has waged a violent secessionist campaign against the Sri Lankan government since the 1970s in order to create a separate Tamil state in the north and east of Sri Lanka...

Jonestown, Guyana was the site of a large mass suicide/murder, where 913 members of the Peoples Temple drank potassium cyanide-laced Flavor Aid in 1978. For other uses, see Jonestown (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Flavor Aid is a soft drink beverage made by Jel Sert, introduced in 1929. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

Murder

See:

• Goebbels children
• Tylenol scare
• Ronald Clark O'Bryan
• Grigori Rasputin

The Goebbels family on October 29, 1942: (back row) Hilde, Harald Quandt and Helga; (front row) Helmut, Holde, Magda, Heide, Joseph and Hedda. ... The Tylenol crisis occurred in the autumn of 1982, when seven people in the Chicago area in the United States died after ingesting Extra Strength Tylenol medicine capsules which had been laced with potassium cyanide poison. ... Ronald Clark OBryan (nicknamed The Candyman) was a murderer in Pasadena, Texas who killed his son Timothy on Halloween, 1974 with cyanide-laced candy in order to claim $30,000 in life insurance money. ... “Rasputin” redirects here. ...

In current events

Terrorists planned on releasing cyanide gas into the New York City Subway system shortly after the September 11th attacks. The attack was reportedly called off because there would not be enough casualties.^[3] Times Square–42nd Street station entrance The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority , an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and also known as MTA New York City Transit. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ...

In fiction

Poisoning by cyanide figures prominently in crime fiction, for example Agatha Christie's Sparkling Cyanide (also entitled Remembered Death) and And Then There Were None. Cyanide is also the instrument of murder in The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler and Roald Dahl's short story "The Landlady". In the Joseph Kesselring play "Arsenic and Old Lace," two old ladies mix wine with arsenic, cyanide and strychnine to use to kill old men. In the book "Hit Man: A Technical Manual for Independent Contractors", the use of cyanide to poison a mark is explained in detail. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with mystery_fiction. ... Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, DBE (15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976), mainly known as Agatha Christie, was an English crime fiction writer. ... Sparkling Cyanide (published in 1945), also known as Remembered Death is a detective fiction novel by Agatha Christie. ... For the video game, see Agatha Christie: And Then There Were None. ... The Big Sleep is a 1939 novel by Raymond Chandler, with two film versions, one filmed in 1946, and another filmed in 1978. ... For other persons named Raymond Chandler, see Raymond Chandler (disambiguation). ... Roald Dahl (IPA: ) (13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a UK novelist, short story author and screenwriter of Norwegian parentage, famous as a writer for both children and adults. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Joseph Otto Kesselring (21 July 1902-5 November 1967) American writer and playwright known best for his play Arsenic and Old Lace. ... Arsenic and Old Lace is a play by Joseph Kesselring, which was made into a film by director Frank Capra. ... General Name, Symbol, Number arsenic, As, 33 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 4, p Appearance metallic gray Standard atomic weight 74. ... Strychnine (pronounced (British, U.S.), or (U.S.)) is a very toxic (LD50 = 10 mg approx. ...

Though not as famous as his Joker toxin or his electric joy-buzzers, the Joker from Batman comics is also known to use cyanide pies as one of his "comedic" weapons.

Australian author Nevil Shute's novel about life after nuclear war, On the Beach, gives the scenario of the Australian government giving survivors free cyanide tablets to commit suicide rather than face death from radiation poisoning. Nevil Shute (London, January 17, 1899 – Melbourne, January 12, 1960) (full name Nevil Shute Norway) was one of the most popular novelists of the mid-20th century. ... On the Beach is a post-apocalyptic end-of-the-world novel written by British author Nevil Shute after he had emigrated to Australia. ... For other uses, see Suicide (disambiguation). ... Radiation poisoning, also called radiation sickness, is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. ...

In the James Bond movies and novels, 00 agents are issued cyanide capsules for use in the event of capture by the enemy. James Bond is described as having thrown his away. Assassins in the films have also used cyanide as a quick suicide method such as Mr. Jones in Dr. No, and in The Spy Who Loved Me, British and American nuclear submarines are threatened with the injection of Cyanide gas to force their crews to surrender to the villain's henchmen. 007 redirects here. ... 007 redirects here. ... A list of henchman from the 1962 James Bond film Dr. No from the List of James Bond henchmen. ... Dr. No can refer to a number of things Dr. No (novel), the 1958 novel by Ian Fleming on his inspirational character James Bond Dr. No (film), the first James Bond film, starring Sean Connery. ... For the James Bond film, see The Spy Who Loved Me (film). ...

In the show 24 there are many instances where terrorists will bite a cyanide capsule to avoid harsh interrogation.

Satirical song writer Tom Lehrer managed to work this toxin into a line in his song "Poisoning Pigeons in the Park": When they see us coming / The birdies all try an' hide / But they still go for peanuts / When coated with cyan-hide. Thomas Andrew Tom Lehrer (born April 9, 1928) is an American singer-songwriter, satirist, pianist, and mathematician. ...

See also

• Victims of poisoning

Viktor Yushchenko as he appeared in July 2004 (left) and as he appeared in November 2004 (right) after dioxin poisoning This is a List of poisonings in alphabetical order of victim. ...

References

1. ^ Bernard Martel. Chemical Risk Analysis: A Practical Handbook. Kogan, 2004, page 361. ISBN 1903996651.
2. ^ ^{a b} D. A. Jones (1998). "Why are so many food plants cyanogenic?". Phytochemistry 47: 155-162. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00425-1. 
3. ^ Time Magazine, The Untold Story of al-Qaeda's Plot to Attack the Subway, 19 Jun 2006, accessed 20 Jan 2007.