The naming of polycyclic alkanes is more complex, with the base name indicating the number of carbons in the ring system, a prefix indicating the number of rings (eg, "bicyclo"), and a numeric prefix before that indicating the number of carbons in each part of each ring, exclusive of vertices. For instance, a bicyclooctane which consists of a six-member ring and a four member ring, which share two adjacent carbon atoms which form a shared edge, is [4.2.0]-bicyclooctane. That part of the six-member ring, exclusive of the shared edge has 4 carbons. That part of the four-member ring, exclusive of the shared edge, has 2 carbons. The edge itself, exclusive of the two vertices that define it, has 0 carbons.
It was unexpectedly found that when a cycloalkane was used as the chief solvent in the polymerization of butadiene, the polymerization proceeded at too fast a rate as a result of which it was difficult to control the polymerization temperature.
Thus the present invention is an improved process of butadiene-1,3 polymerization employing a cycloalkane solvent and from 0.1 to 2 percent by weight of an alkyl substituted benzene as a polymerization regulator.
Cycloalkanes useful in the process are those having 5 to 8 carbon atoms in the rings.
Natürlich vorkommende Cycloalkane (Cyclopentan, Cyclohexan, Cycloheptan) wurden zuerst vom Chemiker Wladimir Wassiljewitsch Markownikow in der Rohbenzin-Fraktion, auch Naphtha genannt, des kaukasischen Erdöls gefunden.
In der Sprache der Erdölwirtschaft ist Naphthen noch heute eine gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für diese Cycloalkane.
Cycloalkane mit einem Kohlenstoffanteil von 14 bis 18 kommen zum Beispiel in Riechstoffen wie dem Moschus vor, der aus einer Drüse der Moschushirsche (Moschidae) gewonnen wird.
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