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Encyclopedia > Cyclogenesis

Cyclogenesis is the development or strengthening of cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere. It is the opposite of cyclolysis, and has an anticyclonic equivelant - Anticyclogenesis[1]. Usually applied to extratropical cyclones, cyclogenesis is driven by upper level divergence over a portion of the density contrast between warm and cold air masses in environments with high vertical wind shear. Tropical cyclogenesis is completely different to the process of extratropical cyclogenesis, as tropical cyclones are driven by strong convection organised into a central core with no baroclinic zones, or fronts, extending through their center. Tropical cyclones form in barotropic environments under low vertical wind shear. Cyclogenesis in the mid-latitudes results in cold-core cyclones while the tropical type of cyclogenesis results in warm-core cyclones. Extratropical is a term used in advisories and tropical summaries to indicate that a cyclone has lost its tropical characteristics. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per volume. ... Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks Cyclogenesis is the technical term describing the development or strengthening of a surface low pressure system, or cyclone, in the atmosphere. ... Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004 Hurricane and Typhoon redirect here. ... In fluid dynamics, the baroclinity (sometimes called baroclinicity) is a measure of the stratification in a fluid. ... A barotropic atmosphere is one in which the density depends only on the pressure, so that isobaric surfaces are also surfaces of constant density. ... Wind shear is a difference in wind speed or direction between two points in the atmosphere. ...

Contents

Norwegian Cyclone Model

A stationary front between warm and cold air masses in which a disturbance has formed
Enlarge
A stationary front between warm and cold air masses in which a disturbance has formed
An upper level jet streak. DIV areas are regions of divergence aloft, which will lead to surface convergence and aid cyclogenesis
Enlarge
An upper level jet streak. DIV areas are regions of divergence aloft, which will lead to surface convergence and aid cyclogenesis

An idealized formation model of cold-core cyclonic storms was developed by Norwegian Meteorologists during the First World War. This model is generally referred to as the “Norwegian Cyclone Model.”[2] The main concept behind this model, relating to cyclogenesis, is that cyclones progress through a predictable evolution as they move up a frontal boundary, with the most mature cyclone near the northeast end of the front and the least mature near the tail end of the front.


Ingredients needed for cyclogenesis

A prexisting frontal boundary, as defined in surface weather analysis is required for the development of a mid-latitude cyclone. The cyclonic flow begins around a disturbed section of the stationary front due to an upper level disturbance, such as a short wave [3] or an upper-level trough [4], near a favorable quadrant of the upper level jet. A surface weather analysis for the United States on October 21, 2006. ...


Various modes of cyclogenesis

The surface low could have a variety of causes for forming. Topography can force a surface low when dense low-level high pressure system ridges in east of a north-south mountain barrier. [5] Mesoscale convective systems can spawn surface lows which are initially warm core. [6] The disturbance can grow into a wave-like formation along the front and the low will be positioned at the crest. Around the low, flow will become cyclonic, by definiton. This rotational flow will push polar air equatorward west of the low via its trailing cold front, and warmer air with push poleward low via the warm front. Usually the cold front will move at a quicker pace than the warm front and “catch up” with it due to the slow erosion of higher density airmass located out ahead of the cyclone and the higher density airmass sweeping in behind the cyclone, usually resulting in a narrowing warm sector. [7] At this point an “occluded front” forms where the warm air mass is pushed upwards into a trough of warm air aloft, which is also known as a trowal [8]. A Mesoscale Convective Systen (MCS) is a complex of thunderstorms which becomes organized on a scale larger than the individual thunderstorms, and normally persists for several hours or more. ... A surface weather analysis for the United States on October 21, 2006. ...


Maturity

It is at the time of occlusion that the storm has reached maturity and the cylconic flow is at its most intense. Thereafter, the strength of the storm diminishes as the cyclone couples with the upper level trough or upper level low. The spin-down of cyclones, also known as cyclolysis, can be understood from an energetics perspective. As occlusion occurs and the warm air mass is pushed upwards over a cold air airmass, the atmosphere becomes increasingly stable and the centre of gravity of the system lowers. [9] As the occlusion process extends further down the warm front and away from the central low, more and more of the available potential energy of the system is exhausted. This potential energy sink creates a kinetic energy source which injects a final burst of energy into the storms motions. After this process occurs, the growth period of the cyclone, or cyclogenisis, ends, and the low begins to spin down.


See also

Cyclones and Anticyclones of the world
Extratropical - Meso-scale - Polar - Polar low - Subtropical - Tropical
Tropical cyclones Portal

The CYCLONE, an early computer built in 1959 by Iowa State University, was based on the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) architecture developed by John von Neumann. ... In meteorology, an anticyclone (i. ... Extratropical cyclones lie somewhere in between tropical cyclones and mid-latitude cyclones, drawing a portion of their energy through the evaporation and condensation of ocean water, and some through horizontal temperature gradients in the atmosphere. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ... Polar cyclones (also known as Artic Cyclones) are vast areas of low pressure. ... Polar lows are similar in behavior and size to tropical cyclones, although generally much shorter lived. ... A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of a tropical cyclone and some characteristics of an extratropical cyclone. ... Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004 Hurricane and Typhoon redirect here. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x662, 320 KB) http://eol. ... A European windstorm is a severe cyclonic storm that tracks across the North Atlantic towards northwestern Europe in the winter months. ... Extratropical cyclones lie somewhere in between tropical cyclones and mid-latitude cyclones, drawing a portion of their energy through the evaporation and condensation of ocean water, and some through horizontal temperature gradients in the atmosphere. ... Noreaster is a colloquial term for a macro scale storm whose winds come from the northeast, especially in the coastal areas of the Northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. ... A surface weather analysis for the United States on October 21, 2006. ... Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks Cyclogenesis is the technical term describing the development or strengthening of a surface low pressure system, or cyclone, in the atmosphere. ...

References

  1. ^ American Meteorological Society Glossary - Cyclogenesis. Allen Press Inc. (2000-06). Retrieved on 2006-10-12.
  2. ^ Jetstream classroom Norwegian Cyclone Model
  3. ^ Glossary of Meteorology Definiton of Short Wave
  4. ^ Definition of Upper-Level Trough
  5. ^ COMET Program Flow Interaction With Topography
  6. ^ Raymond D. Menard1, and J.M. Fritsch A Mesoscale Convective Complex-Generated Inertially Stable Warm Core Vortex
  7. ^ The Physics Factbook Density of Air
  8. ^ St. Louis University What is a trowal?
  9. ^ Pierce College About Atmospheric Stability


 

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