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Encyclopedia > Cynoglossidae
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Tonguefishes
Northern tonguefish, Symphurus pusillus
Northern tonguefish, Symphurus pusillus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Pleuronectiformes
Family: Cynoglossidae
Genera

Cynoglossus
Paraplagusia
Symphurus
See text for species. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ... Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Agnotozoa Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicatas Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Orders See text The Actinopterygii are the ray-finned fish. ... Families Suborder Psettodoidei     Psettodoidae Suborder Pleuronectoidei     Citharidae     Scophthalmidae     Bothidae (lefteye flounders)     Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)     Paralichthyidae     Achiropsettidae (southern flounders)     Samaridae Suborder Soleoidei     Soleidae (soles)     Achiridae (American soles)     Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes) The flatfish are an order (Pleuronectiformes) of ray-finned fish, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. ...

Tonguefishes are a family, Cynoglossidae, of flatfishes.[1] Families Suborder Psettodoidei     Psettodoidae Suborder Pleuronectoidei     Citharidae     Scophthalmidae     Bothidae(lefteye flounders)     Pleuronectidae(righteye flounders)     Paralichthyidae     Achiropsettidae(southern flounders)     Samaridae Suborder Soleoidei     Soleidae(soles)     Achiridae(American soles)     Cynoglossidae(tonguefishes) The flatfish are an order (Pleuronectiformes) of ray-finned fish, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. ...


They are found in tropical and subtropical oceans, mainly in shallow waters and estuaries, though a few species found in deep sea floors, and a few in rivers. Estuaries and coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous ecological, economic, cultural, and aesthetic benefits and services. ...


Species

There are 136 species in 3 genera:[1][2]

  • Genus Cynoglossus
    • Three-lined tongue sole, Cynoglossus abbreviatus (Gray, 1834).
    • Natal tongue-fish, Cynoglossus acaudatus Gilchrist, 1906.
    • Sharpnose tonguesole, Cynoglossus acutirostris Norman, 1939.
    • Largescale tonguesole, Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
    • Fourline tonguesole, Cynoglossus attenuatus (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1917).
    • Fourlined tonguesole, Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacépède, 1802).
    • Southern tongue sole, Cynoglossus broadhursti Waite, 1905.
    • Nigerian tonguesole, Cynoglossus browni Chabanaud, 1949.
    • Ghanian tonguesole, Cynoglossus cadenati Chabanaud, 1947.
    • Canary tonguesole, Cynoglossus canariensis Steindachner, 1882.
    • Sand tonguefish, Cynoglossus capensis (Kaup, 1858).
    • Hooked tonguesole, Cynoglossus carpenteri Alcock, 1889.
    • Bengal tongue sole, Cynoglossus cynoglossus (Hamilton, 1822).
    • Roundhead toungesole, Cynoglossus dispar Day, 1877.
    • Cynoglossus dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1931).
    • Carrot tonguesole, Cynoglossus dubius Day, 1873.
    • Durban tonguesole, Cynoglossus durbanensis Regan, 1921.
    • River tonguesole, Cynoglossus feldmanni (Bleeker, 1853).
    • Ripplefin tonguesole, Cynoglossus gilchristi Regan, 1920.
    • Cynoglossus gracilis Günther, 1873.
    • Freshwater tongue sole, Cynoglossus heterolepis Weber, 1910.
    • Genko sole, Cynoglossus interruptus Günther, 1880.
    • Cynoglossus itinus (Snyder, 1909).
    • Red tonguesole, Cynoglossus joyneri Günther, 1878.
    • Cynoglossus kapuasensis Fowler, 1905.
    • Shortheaded tonguesole, Cynoglossus kopsii (Bleeker, 1851).
    • Lachner's tonguesole, Cynoglossus lachneri Menon, 1977.
    • Roughscale tonguesole, Cynoglossus lida (Bleeker, 1851).
    • Cynoglossus lighti Norman, 1925.
    • Cynoglossus lineolatus Steindachner, 1867.
    • Long tongue sole, Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton, 1822.
    • Cynoglossus maccullochi Norman, 1926.
    • Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker, 1851).
    • Big-eyed tongue-sole, Cynoglossus macrophthalmus Norman, 1926.
    • Malabar tonguesole, Cynoglossus macrostomus Norman, 1928.
    • Cynoglossus maculipinnis Rendahl, 1921.
    • Threeline tonguesole, Cynoglossus marleyi Regan, 1921.
    • Cynoglossus melampetalus (Richardson, 1846).
    • Smallscale tonguesole, Cynoglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851).
    • Guinean tonguesole, Cynoglossus monodi Chabanaud, 1949.
    • Cynoglossus monopus (Bleeker, 1849).
    • Cynoglossus nigropinnatus Ochiai, 1963.
    • Cynoglossus ogilbyi Norman, 1926.
    • Cynoglossus oligolepis (Bleeker, 1854).
    • Cynoglossus pottii Steindachner, 1902.
    • Speckled tonguesole, Cynoglossus puncticeps (Richardson, 1846).
    • Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus Regan, 1905.
    • Cynoglossus robustus Günther, 1873.
    • Cynoglossus roulei Wu, 1932.
    • Cynoglossus sealarki Regan, 1908.
    • Bengal tongue-sole, Cynoglossus semifasciatus Day, 1877.
    • Tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873.
    • Senegalese tonguesole, Cynoglossus senegalensis (Kaup, 1858).
    • Cynoglossus sibogae Weber, 1913.
    • Cynoglossus sinicus Wu, 1932.
    • Cynoglossus sinusarabici (Chabanaud, 1931).
    • Cynoglossus suyeni Fowler, 1934.
    • Cynoglossus trigrammus Günther, 1862.
    • Macau sole, Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor, 1849).
    • Cynoglossus waandersii (Bleeker, 1854).
    • Zanzibar tonguesole, Cynoglossus zanzibarensis Norman, 1939.
  • Genus Paraplagusia
    • Doublelined tonguesole, Paraplagusia bilineata (Lacépède, 1802).
    • Bloch's tonguesole, Paraplagusia blochii (Bleeker, 1851).
    • Paraplagusia guttata (Macleay, 1878).
    • Black cow-tongue, Paraplagusia japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
    • Long-snouted tongue sole, Paraplagusia longirostris Chapleau, Renaud & Kailola, 1991.
    • Dusky tongue sole, Paraplagusia sinerama Chapleau & Renaud, 1993.
  • Genus Symphurus
    • Caribbean tonguefish, Symphurus arawak Robins & Randall, 1965.
    • Inkspot tonguefish, Symphurus atramentatus Jordan & Bollman, 1890.
    • California tonguefish, Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880).
    • Symphurus australis (Rendahl, 1922).
    • Symphurus bathyspilus Krabbenhoft & Munroe, 2003.
    • Kriete's tonguefish, Symphurus billykrietei Munroe, 1998.
    • Chocolate tonguefish, Symphurus callopterus Munroe & Mahadeva, 1989.
    • Symphurus caribbeanus Munroe, 1991.
    • Chabanaud's tonguefish, Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990.
    • Offshore tonguefish, Symphurus civitatium Ginsburg, 1951.
    • Devil's tonguefish, Symphurus diabolicus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990.
    • Spottedfin tonguefish, Symphurus diomedeanus (Goode & Bean, 1885).
      Spottedfin tonguefish, Symphurus diomedeanus
      Enlarge
      Spottedfin tonguefish, Symphurus diomedeanus
    • Elongate tonguefish, Symphurus elongatus (nil).
    • Banded tongue-fish, Symphurus fasciolaris Gilbert, 1892.
    • Symphurus fuscus Brauer, 1906.
    • Symphurus gilesii (Alcock, 1889).
    • Ginsburg's tonguefish, Symphurus ginsburgi Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976.
    • Gorgonian tonguefish, Symphurus gorgonae Chabanaud, 1948.
    • Symphurus hondoensis Hubbs, 1915.
    • Symphurus insularis Munroe, Brito & Hernández, 2000.
    • Jenyn's tonguefish, Symphurus jenynsi Evermann & Kendall, 1907.
    • Symphurus kyaropterygium Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976.
    • Lee's tonguefish, Symphurus leei Jordan & Bollman, 1890.
    • Elongate tonguesole, Symphurus ligulatus (Cocco, 1844).
    • Symphurus lubbocki Munroe, 1990.
    • Symphurus luzonensis Chabanaud, 1955.
    • Symphurus macrophthalmus (Norman, 1926).
    • Symphurus maldivensis Chabanaud, 1955.
    • Margined tonguefish, Symphurus marginatus (Goode & Bean, 1886).
      Margined tonguefish, Symphurus marginatus
      Enlarge
      Margined tonguefish, Symphurus marginatus
    • Symphurus marmoratus (Bleeker, 1851).
    • Drab tonguefish, Symphurus melanurus Clark, 1936.
    • Blackstripe tonguefish, Symphurus melasmatotheca Munroe & Nizinski, 1990.
    • Smallfin tonguefish, Symphurus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851).
    • Symphurus microrhynchus (Weber, 1913).
    • Largescale tonguefish, Symphurus minor Ginsburg, 1951.
    • Freckled tonguefish, Symphurus nebulosus (Goode & Bean, 1883).
      Freckled tonguefish, Symphurus nebulosus
      Enlarge
      Freckled tonguefish, Symphurus nebulosus
    • Tonguesole, Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque, 1810.
    • Norman's tonguesole, Symphurus normani Chabanaud, 1950.
    • Symphurus novemfasciatus Shen & Lin, 1984.
    • Double-spot tonguesole, Symphurus ocellatus (nil).
    • Symphurus oculellus Munroe, 1991.
    • Spotfin tonguefish, Symphurus oligomerus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990.
    • Ocellated tonguefish, Symphurus ommaspilus Böhlke, 1961.
    • Symphurus orientalis (Bleeker, 1879).
    • Pygmy tonguefish, Symphurus parvus Ginsburg, 1951.
    • Longtail tonguefish, Symphurus pelicanus Ginsburg, 1951.
    • Deepwater tonguefish, Symphurus piger (nil).
      Deepwater tonguefish, Symphurus piger
      Enlarge
      Deepwater tonguefish, Symphurus piger
    • Blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus, 1766).
    • Duskycheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagusia (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
    • Halfstriped tonguefish, Symphurus prolatinaris Munroe, Nizinski & Mahadeva, 1991.
    • Northern tonguefish, Symphurus pusillus (Goode & Bean, 1885).
    • Symphurus regani Weber & de Beaufort, 1929.
    • Symphurus reticulatus Munroe, 1990.
    • Patchtail tonguefish, Symphurus rhytisma Böhlke, 1961.
    • Symphurus schultzi Chabanaud, 1955.
    • Sevenband tonguesole, Symphurus septemstriatus (Alcock, 1891).
    • Blotchfin tonguefish, Symphurus stigmosus Munroe, 1998.
    • Blackbelly tonguesole, Symphurus strictus Gilbert, 1905.
    • Symphurus tessellatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824).
    • Trewavas' tonguefish, Symphurus trewavasae Chabanaud, 1948.
    • Threeband tonguesole, Symphurus trifasciatus (Alcock, 1894).
    • Symphurus undatus Gilbert, 1905.
    • Dark cheek tongue, Symphurus undecimplerus Munroe & Nizinski, 1990.
    • Spottail tonguefish, Symphurus urospilus Ginsburg, 1951.
    • Symphurus vanmelleae Chabanaud, 1952.
    • Symphurus variegatus (Gilchrist, 1903).
    • Mottled tonguefish, Symphurus varius Garman, 1899.
    • William's tonguefish, Symphurus williamsi Jordan & Culver, 1895.
    • Symphurus woodmasoni (Alcock, 1889).

John Edward Gray. ... Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723 - 1799) was a German medical doctor and naturalist. ... Johann Gottlob Schneider (January 18, 1750 - January 12, 1822), German classical scholar and naturalist, was born at Koilmen in Saxony. ... Lacépède Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (December 26, 1756 – October 6, 1825) was a French naturalist. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... Johann Jakob Kaup (April 10, 1803 - July 4, 1873) was a German naturalist. ... Alfred William Alcock (1859 - 1933) was a British naturalist. ... Charles Tate Regan (February 1878 - 13 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Charles Tate Regan (February 1878 - 13 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Charles Tate Regan (February 1878 - 13 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. ... Sir John Richardson (1787 - 1865) was a Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... Sir John Richardson (1787 - 1865) was a Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer. ... Charles Tate Regan (February 1878 - 13 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Charles Tate Regan (February 1878 - 13 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Johann Jakob Kaup (April 10, 1803 - July 4, 1873) was a German naturalist. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Theodore Edward (Theodor Edvard) Cantor (1809 - 1860) was a Danish physician, zoologist and botanist. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Lacépède Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (December 26, 1756 – October 6, 1825) was a French naturalist. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Coenraad Jacob Temminck (March 31, 1778 - January 30, 1858) was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist. ... Hermann Schlegel. ... G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... Alfred William Alcock (1859 - 1933) was a British naturalist. ... G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... C. S. Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (October 22, 1783-September 18, 1840) was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723 - 1799) was a German medical doctor and naturalist. ... Johann Gottlob Schneider (January 18, 1750 - January 12, 1822), German classical scholar and naturalist, was born at Koilmen in Saxony. ... G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... Alfred William Alcock (1859 - 1933) was a British naturalist. ... Jean René Constant Quoy (November 10, 1790 - July 4, 1869) was a French zoologist. ... Joseph Paul Gaimard (lithograph by Emile Lassalle) Joseph Paul Gaimard (1796 - 1858) was a French naturalist. ... Alfred William Alcock (1859 - 1933) was a British naturalist. ... Samuel Garman (1846- 1927) was a naturalist/ zoologist from Pennsylvania. ... Alfred William Alcock (1859 - 1933) was a British naturalist. ...

References

  1. ^ a b "Cynoglossidae". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. February 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.
  2. ^ Cynoglossidae (TSN 173060). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed on 2 April 2006.

 

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